scholarly journals Landscaping with native plants in the UAE: A review

2017 ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasnain Alam ◽  
Jabar Zaman Khan Khattak ◽  
Shaijal Babu Thru Ppoyil ◽  
Shyam S. Kurup ◽  
Taoufik Saleh Ksiksi
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Unique Experience ◽  
Added Benefit

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has a unique experience in greening the desert. Huge efforts have been done to create green spaces across the country including afforestation and urban landscaping. Most of the landscaping designs were inspired from western landscapes comprises mostly of exotic species, which do not reconcile with the environmental conditions of the UAE. The intensive use of exotic species in artificial vegetation, high water requirements for the UAE greenery, coupled with water shortages and salinity, are causing major environmental and ecological challenges.  Fortunately, the UAE hosts a unique flora and fauna that show remarkable adjustment to harsh weather conditions. Here we emphasize the use of native plants due to their potential to develop landscapes in saline and water shortage conditions, leading to reduced water usage for landscaping. The preservation of native biodiversity of the UAE will be an added benefit. In this article the main aspects of the UAE landscaping efforts, with the associated water resources using native plants in landscaping, problems in promoting native plants in landscaping and possible solutions are discussed.

scholarly journals The yield of eggplant depending on climate conditions and mulching

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Adamczewska-Sowińska ◽  
Magdalena Krygier ◽  
Joanna Turczuk
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Technical Procedure ◽  
Disadvantageous Factors

Abstract The field production of eggplant in moderate climates is difficult as it depends heavily on thermal conditions. Eggplant is a species that is sensitive to low temperatures, and temperatures below 16°C constrain the growth of young plants. Other disadvantageous factors include: temperatures that are too high, water shortage and excessive soil humidity. The growth conditions for eggplant can be improved by using mulches. The purpose of the experiment was the assessment of eggplant cropping while using synthetic mulches of polyethylene foil and polypropylene textile. The research took five years (2008-2012) and on the basis of the obtained results it was possible to determine the influence of weather conditions on the yielding of this species. It was proven that eggplant cropping significantly depended on the air temperature and the amount of rainfall during the vegetation period. The highest yield was observed when the average air temperature was high and at the same time rainfall was evenly distributed throughout the vegetation season. It also turned out that the agro-technical procedure which significantly increased eggplant fruit cropping was mulching the soil with polyethylene black foil, or transparent foil, previously having applied a herbicide.

scholarly journals Trends in Dam Upgrading in Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Sasaki ◽  
◽  
Masafumi Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Steep Gradient ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
Typhoon Season

Japan is subjected to harsh weather conditions, with a high overall annual rainfall, a rainy season, and concentrated torrential rains during the typhoon season. Moreover, rivers in Japan generally have a steep gradient and are characteristically subjected to sudden rises of water level that cause flooding, or the falling of water level over a short period when the rain ends, causing the water shortage. Although dams have been constructed according to river basin characteristics to handle flooding and water usage issues, the number of favorable dam sites in Japan is rather small. Thus, extensive dam upgrading, aimed at strengthening the function of existing dams, has recently been carried out. In this report, examples of past dam upgrading projects as well as the status of dam upgrading are reviewed. In particular, the technological issues of dam heightening and additional installation of discharge facilities are discussed for upgrading projects in which structural retrofitting is carried out while the dam is in operation. Moreover, the required measures are considered.

Perspective of Water Resources in Japan and in the World

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Tamon Ishibashi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
The World

Recently, problems of water shortage are becoming global in both developed and developing countries. This is due to tremendous population increases and also urbanization and industrialization. In this paper, countermeasures for future water shortages are described.

Envisaged transfer projects: New technologies in the water sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseer Ahmed Abbasi ◽  
Xiangzhou Xu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
The World

<p><strong>Abstracts:</strong> Influenced by global climate change, water shortages and other extreme weather, water scarcity in the world is an alarming sign. This article provides evidences regarding the Tunnel and Tianhe project’s feasibility and their technical, financial, political, socioeconomic and environmental aspects. Such as how to utilize the water vapour in the air and to build a 1000 km long tunnel project to fulfill the goal of solving water shortage in China. The projects are promising to solve the problem of water, food and drought in the country. In addition, the telecoupling framework helps to effectively understand and manage ecosystem services, as well as the different challenges associated with them. Such efforts can help find the ways for proper utilization of water resources and means of regulation.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Sustainability; water shortage; transfer project</p>

scholarly journals Drought and Water Shortages: South Carolina’s Response Mechanisms, Vulnerabilities, and Needs

2017 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Altman ◽  
Kirsten Lackstrom ◽  
Hope Mizzell
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
The South ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Emergency Operations ◽  
Emergency Operations Center

The South Carolina Drought and Water Shortage Tabletop Exercise took place on September 27, 2017, at the South Carolina Emergency Operations Center in West Columbia, SC. The exercise gathered 80 participants, representing federal and state agencies, public water suppliers, county and municipal governments, industry, consulting companies, and nonprofit organizations. The purpose of the exercise was to review plans and procedures that govern state-, basin-, and local-level responses to drought and water shortages. Many of South Carolina’s drought response mechanisms were updated by the 2000 Drought Response Act and Regulations, but a systematic effort has not been made to review or assess their effectiveness. Attendees walked through a series of exercise responses to gradually worsening drought scenarios and an activation of the Emergency Operations Plan. The event helped to identify strengths and weak points of the state’s drought response and opportunities to proactively prepare for future droughts. The key needs discussed by participants included updated drought response plans and procedures to ensure a coordinated and timely response to droughts; greater educational opportunities to enhance agencies’ familiarity with the Drought Response Program and their role in drought response and mitigation; more effective communications before, during, and after drought events, across agencies and with the public; and enhanced data and information products that can be used to build common understanding of drought risks, impacts, and vulnerabilities.

scholarly journals Water resources planning in bioethanol production from sugarcane

Memorias ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Danny Ibarra Vega Danny Ibarra Vega ◽  
Carlos Peña Rincón ◽  
Johnny Valencia Calvo ◽  
Johan Manuel Redondo ◽  
Gerard Olivar Tost
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Water Resources Planning ◽  
Resources Planning

The biofuels industry has grown and has positioned itself in Colombia for national purposes, these come from biomass sources such as agricultural crops. Bioethanol is the most used in Colombia and is obtained from sugarcane. One of the main concerns of the sector and society, is the high water consumption associated with agricultural crops (9,000 m3 / ha-year), there are currently 232,000 hectares of sugarcane for the production of sugar and bioethanol. Given the aforementioned, the need arises to carry out a planning of industrial increase of the sector taking into account as a main base the demand and availability of water resources for different activities in the Cauca river basin and the demand for sugarcane crops. In this document it is presented a mathematical model and the evaluation of different scenarios of the estimation of the trend of water consumption in the bioethanol production process in Colombia and in this way to establish scenarios of high risk of water shortage both for the population, interested parties and cane cultivation.

scholarly journals Eficiencia de las reglas de asignación de agua en el regadío: Asignación a través de mercados, de la regla proporcional y de la regla uniforme

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan-Ulrich Goetz ◽  
Yolanda Martínez ◽  
Jofre Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
Choice Theory ◽  
Social Choice Theory ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Uniform Rule ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Ebro Valley ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
System Water ◽  
Interesting Alternative

In this paper, the introduction of three different methods for the assignment of water in agriculture is simulated in order to compare its economic efficiency for the case of an irrigated area located in the central Ebro Valley. Apart from the currently applied proportional system, water markets have been simulated along with the uniform rule, developed in social choice theory. The results show that although the water market achieves the best results in all cases, the uniform rule can be an interesting alternative to current management methods if water assignments are at regular levels, while in the case of severe water shortage; markets offer a clearer advantage with regard to any other method. The results also show that higher levels of heterogeneity between firms and high water prices situate the uniform rule in a more favorable situation then the currently applied proportional system.

scholarly journals Identifying Problems in Watering Ponds with Different Purposes

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Manuel Pulido ◽  
Alberto Alfonso-Torreño ◽  
Jesús Barrena-González ◽  
Rafael Robina-Ramírez ◽  
Mohamed Amine Abdennour
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Azolla Filiculoides

The main goal of this study was to identify the problems that are putting the viability of watering ponds at risk. For doing that, we have analyzed five different study cases: (I) livestock consumption, Mediterranean climate (rangelands of SW Spain), (II) multifunctional ponds (Arroyo de la Luz, Spain), (III) ecotourism (Valdepajares de Tajo, Spain), (IV) crop irrigation and fish farming, semi-arid climate (the wilaya of Ouargla, Algeria), and (V) livestock consumption, humid subtropical climate (Prudentópolis, Brazil). The identification of problems was made through surveys, personal interviews, local knowledge and literature review as well as through the analysis of water quality parameters such as the concentration of phosphates and fecal coliforms in some ponds. We have identified problems of water shortage (ca. 50% of rangeland farmers), pollution induced by agriculture (maximum values of phosphates = 1.33 mg L−1) and livestock farming (maximum value of fecal coliforms ≈ 7000 cfu mL−1), low potability for human consumption (score: 2.8/7.0), invasive species such as Azolla filiculoides (10 out of 17 watering ponds), high water temperature for aquaculture in summer (Algeria) and the increase of turbidity in nearby water courses due to the actions of free-fattening pigs (Brazil), among many other problems. We conclude an extra effort by stakeholders is still needed in order to agree mitigation strategies.

Exotic plant invasion and understorey species richness: a comparison of two types of eucalypt woodland in agricultural Western Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Abensperg-Traun ◽  
Lyn Atkins ◽  
Richard Hobbs ◽  
Dion Steven
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Exotic Plants ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Road Verge ◽  
Exotic Plant Invasion

Exotic plants are a major threat to native plant diversity in Australia yet a generic model of the invasion of Australian ecosystems by exotic species is lacking because invasion levels differ with vegetation/soil type and environmental conditions. This study compared relative differences in exotic species invasion (percent cover, spp. richness) and the species richness of herbaceous native plants in two structurally very similar vegetation types, Gimlet Eucalyptus salubris and Wandoo E. capillosa woodlands in the Western Australian wheatbelt. For each woodland type, plant variables were measured for relatively undisturbed woodlands, woodlands with >30 years of livestock grazing history, and woodlands in road-verges. Grazed and road-verge Gimlet and Wandoo woodlands had significantly higher cover of exotic species, and lower species richness of native plants, compared with undisturbed Gimlet and Wandoo. Exotic plant invasion was significantly greater in Gimlet woodlands for both grazed (mean 78% cover) and road-verge sites (mean 42% cover) than in comparable sites in Wandoo woodlands (grazed sites 25% cover, road-verge sites 19% cover). There was no significant difference in the species richness of exotic plants between Wandoo and Gimlet sites for any of the three situations. Mean site richness of native plants was not significantly different between undisturbed Wandoo and undisturbed Gimlet woodlands. Undisturbed woodlands were significantly richer in plant species than grazed and road-verge woodlands for both woodland types. Grazed and road-verge Wandoo sites were significantly richer in plant species than communities in grazed and road-verge Gimlet. The percent cover of exotics was negatively correlated with total (native) plant species richness for both woodland types (Wandoo r = ?0.70, Gimlet r = ?0.87). Of the total native species recorded in undisturbed Gimlet, 83% and 61% were not recorded in grazed and road-verge Gimlet, respectively. This compared with 40% and 33% for grazed and road-verge Wandoo, respectively. Grazed Wandoo and grazed Gimlet sites had significantly fewer native plant species than did road-verge Wandoo and road-verge Gimlet sites. Ecosystem implications of differential invasions by exotic species, and the effects of grazing (disturbance) and other factors influencing susceptibility to exotic plant invasion (landscape, competition and allelopathy) on native species decline are discussed. Exclusion of livestock and adequate methods of control and prevention of further invasions by exotic plants are essential requirements for the conservation of these woodland systems.

scholarly journals Impacts of Exclusion From Municipal Water Service on Water Availability: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Sydney Lockhart ◽  
Erica Wood ◽  
Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Water Service ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Urban Minority ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Additional Costs

Bordering the wealthy town of Apex, North Carolina, is a majority African-American neighborhood, Irongate Drive, without town water service, relying on private wells. Residents have long sought access to town water as their wells are running dry, but problems have not been systematically documented. Using a comprehensive survey and qualitative interviews, this study assesses the frequency of water shortages, uncovers the effects on daily lives, and reports on water source preferences. Surveys showed 80 percent of households experience water scarcity. Respondents reported not having enough water to flush toilets, shower, wash hands, or do laundry. Annual well maintenance costs averaged $1405; additional costs included dealing with water shortage and buying additional items to cope. More than 75 percent actively seek municipal water, and none oppose it. These results could inform assessments of impacts of water access disparities in similar peri-urban minority communities nationwide that remain excluded from nearby municipal services.

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