Psychological and medical applications of certain innovative therapies in correctional settings: Clinician, staff, and client observations from three institutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
John Hartung ◽  
◽  
Norma Alicia Leal Morales
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Community Corrections ◽  
Residential Facility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
County Jail ◽  
Innovative Therapies ◽  
Correctional Settings ◽  
Emotional Freedom Techniques

Three field studies are described in which Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and similar innovative therapies were used to treat residents of different correctional settings. Clients in a juvenile residential facility, an adult community corrections center, and an adult county jail were treated for psychological and medical complaints. The authors summarize how the practices were adapted to specific settings, how challenges were approached, and what staff and clients said about the programs. Though the sites and applications differed, some common findings and recommendations for future research are noted.

Blame Avoidance in China's Cadre Responsibility System

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Jiayuan Li ◽  
Xing Ni ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Blame Avoidance ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Responsibility System

Abstract This article contends that prior research on the behaviour of Chinese local cadres pays limited attention to their motivation for avoiding blame. Using qualitative data from three field studies conducted in Guangdong province, the study focuses on blame avoidance in the cadre responsibility system, which is recognized as an important instrument for state capacity building. Our analysis uncovers three major discursive strategies used by grassroots cadres to manage blame either before or after it is apportioned: de-legitimating performance standards, re-attributing blame and transferring blame risk. We find that local cadres have a role as blame makers in shifting blame and accusations. This finding challenges the conventional view, which typically sees local officials as blame takers. The article concludes by elaborating on the wider implications of this finding and proposing avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis on Color Preference and Visual Comfort from Eye Tracking Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ming-Chung Ho ◽  
Jhih-Ming Chen ◽  
Ray-Ying Huang ◽  
Ming-Hsun Shen ◽  
Ming-Chi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Color Preference ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Color Assignment

Color preferences in engineering are very important, and there exists relationship between color preference and visual comfort. In this study, there are thirty university students who participated in the experiment, supplemented by pre- and posttest questionnaires, which lasted about an hour. The main purpose of this study is to explore the visual effects of different color assignment with subjective color preferences via eye tracking technology. Eye-movement data through a nonlinear analysis detect slight differences in color preferences and visual comfort, suggesting effective physiological indicators as extensive future research discussed. Results found that the average pupil size of eye-movement indicators can effectively reflect the differences of color preferences and visual comfort. This study more confirmed that the subjective feeling will make people have misjudgment.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Potential Risk of Rock-Climbing for Cliff Plant Species and Natural Protected Areas of Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indradatta deCastro-Arrazola ◽  
Martí March-Salas ◽  
Juan Lorite
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Rock Climbing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Priority Species

In recent years, the popularity of rock-climbing has grown tremendously, setting an increasing pressure on cliff habitats. Climbing may be particularly harmful in the Mediterranean biome due to its appropriate environmental conditions for climbing. A few studies have identified the effect of climbing on plant diversity at a small-scale (namely locally or even just in specific climbing areas). However, no studies exist assessing the potential risk of rock-climbing on a broad-scale (e.g., regional or national). The study aims to identify the priority locations and priority cliff plant species in Spain to focus future study efforts. Spain was selected because it is a plant biodiversity hotspot, with a great diversity of endemic and endangered species, and one of the most popular destinations for climbers. We used a geographic information system-based approach to model the spatial concurrence among Spanish climbing areas (and climbing intensity), natural protected areas (NPAs), and distribution of threatened cliff plants (and their IUCN threat category). We found that 53.5% of climbing areas in Spain are located within a NPA, most of them falling into NPAs of medium protection level. We mapped 151 threatened cliff plants, identifying four medium priority Mediterranean locations and eight priority species in which future research efforts should be focused. High-priority study locations are absent in Spain according to our spatial modeling. For the first time on a national scale, this study identifies areas in which climbing represents a potential threat for cliff habitats and threatened plants. These findings contribute to designing field studies on the effects of rock-climbing on Mediterranean cliffs, laying the groundwork for a sustainable, yet challenging, balance between the protection of these unique habitats and rock-climbing.

scholarly journals Engineering Properties of Sea Ice

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (81) ◽  
pp. 499-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schwarz ◽  
W. F. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
The Status

AbstractAs the continental shelves of the Arctic become important as source areas for the oil and minerals required by human society, sea ice becomes an increasing challenge to engineers. The present paper starts with a consideration of the different fields of engineering which require information on sea ice with the tasks ranging from the design of ice-breaking ships to Arctic drilling platforms and man-made ice islands. Then the structure of sea ice is described as it influences the observed variations in physical properties. Next the status of our knowledge of the physical properties important to engineering is reviewed. Properties discussed include mechanical properties (compressive, tensile, shear and flexural strengths; dynamic and static elastic moduli; Poisson’s ratio), friction and adhesion, thermal properties (specific and latent heats, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, density) and finally electromagnetic properties (dielectric permittivity and loss, resistivity). Particular attention is given to parameters such as temperature, strain-rate, brine volume, and loading direction as they affect property variations. Gaps, contradictions in the data, and inadequacies in testing techniques are pointed out. Finally suggestions are made for future research, especially for more basic laboratory studies designed to provide the data base upon which further theoretical developments as well as field studies can be built.

Using Eye Movements to Study Reading Processes

2017 ◽  
pp. 27-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Cook ◽  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reading Processes ◽  
Reading Measures ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

This chapter provides an overview of eye movement-based reading measures and the types of inferences that may be drawn from each. We provide logistical advice about how to set up stimuli for eye tracking experiments, with different level processes (word, sentence, and discourse) and commonly employed measures of eye movements during reading in mind. We conclude with examples from our own research of studies of eye movements during reading at the word, sentence, and discourse levels, as well as some considerations for future research.

Judgment Based Marketing Decision Models: Problems and Possible Solutions

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipankar Chakravarti ◽  
Andrew Mitchell ◽  
Richard Staelin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Decision Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marketing Decision ◽  
Recent Laboratory

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the findings of two field studies and three recent laboratory experiments that assessed the efficacy of judgment based models in aiding marketing decision making. This analysis indicates factors that may affect the effectiveness of these models. The implications of the findings for users of judgment based marketing decision models as well as model builders are discussed, and suggestions are made for future research to improve the models’ effectiveness.

scholarly journals Selective suppression of rapid eye movement sleep increases next-day negative affect and amygdala responses to social exclusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Glosemeyer ◽  
Susanne Diekelmann ◽  
Werner Cassel ◽  
Karl Kesper ◽  
Ulrich Koehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

Abstract Healthy sleep, positive general affect, and the ability to regulate emotional experiences are fundamental for well-being. In contrast, various mental disorders are associated with altered rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, negative affect, and diminished emotion regulation abilities. However, the neural processes mediating the relationship between these different phenomena are still not fully understood. In the present study of 42 healthy volunteers, we investigated the effects of selective REM sleep suppression (REMS) on general affect, as well as on feelings of social exclusion, cognitive reappraisal (CRA) of emotions, and their neural underpinnings. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we show that, on the morning following sleep suppression, REMS increases general negative affect, enhances amygdala responses and alters its functional connectivity with anterior cingulate cortex during passively experienced experimental social exclusion. However, we did not find effects of REMS on subjective emotional ratings in response to social exclusion, their regulation using CRA, nor on functional amygdala connectivity while participants employed CRA. Our study supports the notion that REM sleep is important for affective processes, but emphasizes the need for future research to systematically investigate how REMS impacts different domains of affective experience and their neural correlates, in both healthy and (sub-)clinical populations.

Novel aspects for management of xenobiotic compounds in wastewater treatment plants – linking theory, field studies, regulation, engineering, and experience

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Jacobsen ◽  
T. Guildal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Management aspects for control of environmental contaminants has widened from being focussed on heavy metals to a broader approach including specific organic compounds, inhibition of sensitive bacteria or algae, and newly identified environmental issues, e.g., endocrine disruption and antibiotic resistance. Studies conducted at the Avedøre WWTP confirm the relevance of such newly discovered environmental problems, however, the order of magnitude of the effects do not seem alarming. It is recommended in future research to establish links between occurrence of specific organic compounds and heavy metals to various measures of toxicity and bioaccumulation. Also data for specific biodegradation rates in WWTPs represent a bottleneck for simulating fate of specific organic compounds in the plants.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems and Reliant Human Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Doney ◽  
D. Shallin Busch ◽  
Sarah R. Cooley ◽  
Kristy J. Kroeker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Shoreline Protection ◽  
Biological Impacts ◽  
Estuarine Coastal

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, along with agriculture and land-use practices are causing wholesale increases in seawater CO2 and inorganic carbon levels; reductions in pH; and alterations in acid-base chemistry of estuarine, coastal, and surface open-ocean waters. On the basis of laboratory experiments and field studies of naturally elevated CO2 marine environments, widespread biological impacts of human-driven ocean acidification have been posited, ranging from changes in organism physiology and population dynamics to altered communities and ecosystems. Acidification, in conjunction with other climate change–related environmental stresses, particularly under future climate change and further elevated atmospheric CO2 levels, potentially puts at risk many of the valuable ecosystem services that the ocean provides to society, such as fisheries, aquaculture, and shoreline protection. Thisreview emphasizes both current scientific understanding and knowledge gaps, highlighting directions for future research and recognizing the information needs of policymakers and stakeholders.

scholarly journals Surface Modifications of Biodegradable Metallic Foams for Medical Applications

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Renáta Oriňaková ◽  
Radka Gorejová ◽  
Zuzana Orságová Králová ◽  
Andrej Oriňak
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Metallic Foam ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Bonding Properties

Significant progress was achieved presently in the development of metallic foam-like materials improved by biocompatible coatings. Material properties of the iron, magnesium, zinc, and their alloys are promising for their uses in medical applications, especially for orthopedic and bone tissue purposes. Current processing technologies and a variety of modifications of the surface and composition facilitate the design of adjusted medical devices with desirable mechanical, morphological, and functional properties. This article reviews the recent progress in the design of advanced degradable metallic biomaterials perfected by different coatings: polymer, inorganic ceramic, and metallic. Appropriate coating of metallic foams could improve the biocompatibility, osteogenesis, and bone tissue-bonding properties. In this paper, a comprehensive review of different coating types used for the enhancement of one or several properties of biodegradable porous implants is given. An outline of the conventional preparation methods of metallic foams and a brief overview of different alloys for medical applications are also provided. In addition, current challenges and future research directions of processing and surface modifications of biodegradable metallic foams for medical applications are suggested.

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