scholarly journals Classical Koro and Koro-Like Symptoms: Illustration from Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 263183182110288
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Stip ◽  
Julian Nguyen ◽  
Bastian Bertulies-Esposito ◽  
Adrien Tempier ◽  
Marie-Joelle Bedard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Genital Organ ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Geographic Boundaries ◽  
Delusional Idea ◽  
First Time ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Koro syndrome has been colorfully described as a pathological distortion of one’s body image of the genital organ. In Koro, body image dysphoria is characterized by severe anxiety related to the delusional idea that one’s genitals will shrink and retract into one’s abdomen, eventually leading to death. This syndrome was first reported in South East Asia, where endemics have been described, but it has also sporadically occurred globally. We present a systematic literature review on Koro syndrome and report 7 cases from Canada. A search review with PubMed and Google Scholar resulted in 504 entries. Sixty-seven manuscripts were eventually selected following a thorough elimination process. The resultant literature underscored the cultural diversity that underlay the reported cases. Various aspects of Koro have been examined (eg, etiological, clinical, diagnostic, and cultural aspects). It has stimulated substantial scholarly debate, discussions, correspondences, and arguments from anthropological, psychiatric, psychological, and biological perspectives. In our series, it seems that Koro could have been misattributed here. The primary concern was not with penile retraction of the cases. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a series of cases is documented from North America where the syndrome is often ignored. We highlight the potential differences between the classical Koro syndrome and a collection of beliefs related to the perception or delusion of penile retraction in other codable psychiatric disorders, Koro-like syndrome. Understanding Koro syndrome beyond geographic boundaries is in line with our collected case reports of Koro from outside Asia.

scholarly journals Clinical Lycanthropy, Neurobiology, Culture: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sélim Benjamin Guessoum ◽  
Laelia Benoit ◽  
Sevan Minassian ◽  
Jasmina Mallet ◽  
Marie Rose Moro
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Centered Care

Background: Culture can affect psychiatric disorders. Clinical Lycanthropy is a rare syndrome, described since Antiquity, within which the patient has the delusional belief of turning into a wolf. Little is known on its clinical or therapeutic correlates.Methods: We conducted a systematic review (PRISMA) on PubMed and Google Scholar, until January 2021. Case reports, data on neurobiological hypotheses, and cultural aspects were included. Language was not restricted to English.Results: Forty-three cases of clinical lycanthropy and kynanthropy (delusion of dog transformation) were identified. Associated diagnoses were: schizophrenia, psychotic depression, bipolar disorder, and other psychotic disorders. Antipsychotic medication may be an efficient treatment for this rare transnosographic syndrome. In case of depression or mania, the treatment included antidepressants or mood regulators. The neuroscientific hypotheses include the conception of clinical lycanthropy as a cenesthopathy, as a delusional misidentification of the self-syndrome, as impairments of sensory integration, as impairments of the belief evaluation system, and right hemisphere anomalies. Interestingly, there is a clinical overlap between clinical lycanthropy and other delusional misidentification syndromes. Clinical lycanthropy may be a culture-bound syndrome that happens in the context of Western cultures, myths, and stories on werewolves, and today's exposure to these narratives on cultural media such as the internet and the series. We suggest the necessity of a cultural approach for these patients' clinical assessment, and a narrative and patient-centered care.Conclusions: Psychiatric transtheoretical reflections are needed for complementaristic neurobiological and cultural approaches of complex delusional syndromes such as clinical lycanthropy. Future research should include integrative frameworks.

scholarly journals Mexican pregnant women show higher depression and anxiety with rising age and in the case of being single

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
Irma Visoso Salgado ◽  
Jayson Leonel Moncada Mendoza ◽  
Hugo Mendieta Zerón
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychology Service ◽  
First Time ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Background. Pregnancy is an important predisposition period to develop anxiety and depression, with a direct impact on the woman’s offspring. The aim of this study was to report the correlation between depression and anxiety in pregnant women and its association with the marital status and age. Materials. A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient care of the Psychology Service at the “Mónica Pretelini Sáenz” Maternal Perinatal Hospital (HMPMPS), Toluca, Mexico, from June 2012 to March 2019. As routine, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory-Trait (BAIT), were applied to all women seeking attention at the HMPMPS. Only pregnant patients were selected for this study, with the women referred for the first time to the external Psychology Clinic as inclusion criteria. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the frequency of cases for age, BDI-II, and BAIT were obtained using the IBM SPSS Statistics ® v.23 software. Results. The study included 2947 pregnant patients with a mean age of 28.6 ± 6.9 years. Of these, 2616 (88.8%) presented with mild anxiety, 269 (9.1%) with moderate, and 62 (2.1%) with severe anxiety. On the other hand, 2149 (72.9%) patients presented with minimal depression, 341 (11.6%) mild depression, 268 (9.1%) moderate depression, and 189 (6.4%) had severe depression. The correlations between age and BDI-II was –0.026 (P = 0.152), between age and BAI was –0.038 (P = 0.037), and between BAIT and BDI-II 0.650 (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions. The age group with the highest frequency of depression and anxiety was from 20 to 29 years. The absence of a stable partner represented an important risk factor for anxiety and depression during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Guidance Level for Brevetoxins in French Shellfish

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Nathalie Arnich ◽  
Eric Abadie ◽  
Zouher Amzil ◽  
Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein ◽  
Katia Comte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Marine Biotoxins ◽  
Toxicological Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Time ◽  
Environmental And Occupational Health

Brevetoxins (BTXs) are marine biotoxins responsible for neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) after ingestion of contaminated shellfish. NSP is characterized by neurological, gastrointestinal and/or cardiovascular symptoms. The main known producer of BTXs is the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, but other microalgae are also suspected to synthesize BTX-like compounds. BTXs are currently not regulated in France and in Europe. In November 2018, they have been detected for the first time in France in mussels from a lagoon in the Corsica Island (Mediterranean Sea), as part of the network for monitoring the emergence of marine biotoxins in shellfish. To prevent health risks associated with the consumption of shellfish contaminated with BTXs in France, a working group was set up by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses). One of the aims of this working group was to propose a guidance level for the presence of BTXs in shellfish. Toxicological data were too limited to derive an acute oral reference dose (ARfD). Based on human case reports, we identified two lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels (LOAELs). A guidance level of 180 µg BTX-3 eq./kg shellfish meat is proposed, considering a protective default portion size of 400 g shellfish meat.

Acupuncture in the Management of Anxiety Related to Dental Treatment: A Case Series

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palle Rosted ◽  
Mads Bundgaard ◽  
Sian Gordon ◽  
Anne Marie Lynge Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Background Anxiety related to dental treatment is a common phenomenon that has a significant impact on the provision of appropriate dental care. The aim of this case series was to examine the effect of acupuncture given prior to dental treatment on the level of anxiety. Methods Eight dentists submitted 21 case reports regarding the treatment of dental anxiety. The level of anxiety was assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Only patients with moderate to severe anxiety (BAI score ≥16) were included. The remaining 20 patients, 16 women and 4 men, with a mean age of 40.3 years, had a median BAI score of 26.5 at baseline. The BAI score was assessed before and after the acupuncture treatment. All patients received acupuncture treatment for 5 min prior to the planned dental treatment using the points GV20 and EX6. Results There was a significant reduction in median value of BAI scores after treatment with acupuncture (26.5 reduced to 11.5; p<0.01), and it was possible to carry out the planned dental treatment in all 20 cases after acupuncture treatment. Previously this had only been possible in six cases. Conclusion Acupuncture prior to dental treatment has a beneficial effect on the level of anxiety in patients with dental anxiety and may offer a simple and inexpensive method of treatment. However, the present results need to be tested in a larger randomised clinical trial in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the acupuncture treatment in patients with dental anxiety.

What are the characteristics of first time older sexual offenders?

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Chua ◽  
Gary Cheung ◽  
Susan Hatters Friedman ◽  
Sigourney Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTBackground:Our objective was to examine and describe the common socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of first time older sex offenders.Methods:Research papers published in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE were searched systematically. Following removal of duplicates and irrelevant papers, a total of 423 papers were reviewed to determine whether the selection criteria were met. A total of seven publications were included and evaluated by two researchers.Results:Of the seven publications, there were two retrospective research studies and five case reports. There was a higher proportion of neurocognitive disorder in this offender group and the victims were usually vulnerable individuals. Yet, cognitive assessments were rarely done or reported. Two subtypes of older sex offenders were identified: (i) offenders who had offended in the past but were not previously detected; (ii) first-time offenders with a high proportion of neurocognitive disorder.Conclusion:There is a paucity of research in first time sex offending by older people. This review has highlighted a need for better designed studies to explore the characteristics of older sex offenders. Better collaboration between forensic and old-age psychiatric services is required for improved assessment and management of older sex offenders.

Associations of anabolic-androgenic steroid use with other behavioral disorders: an analysis using directed acyclic graphs

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (15) ◽  
pp. 2601-2608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Kanayama ◽  
Harrison G. Pope ◽  
James I. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Time Development ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
First Time

AbstractBackgroundAnabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use is known to be associated with other psychiatric disorders, such as body image disorders, conduct disorder/sociopathy, and other substance use disorders (SUD) – but the causal pathways among these conditions remain poorly delineated.MethodsWe created a directed acyclic graph to diagram hypothesized relationships among AAS use and dependence, body image disorder (BID), conduct disorder/sociopathy, and other SUD. Using proportional hazards models, we then assessed potentially causal relationships among these variables, using a dataset of 233 male weightlifters, of whom 102 had used AAS.ResultsBID and conduct disorder/sociopathy both strongly contributed to the development of AAS use, but did not appear to contribute further to the progression from AAS use to AAS dependence. Other SUD beginning prior to first AAS use – whether broadly defined or restricted only to opioids – failed to show an effect on AAS use or progression to AAS dependence. Conversely, AAS use contributed significantly to the subsequent first-time development of opioid use disorders but did not significantly increase the risk for first-time development of non-opioid SUD, taken as a whole.ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that AAS use and other SUD are mutually attributable to underlying conduct disorder/sociopathy. SUD do not appear to represent a ‘gateway’ to subsequent AAS use. AAS use may represent a gateway to subsequent opioid use disorder, but probably not to other SUD.

Koro Associated with Phobia for AIDS

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suma P. Chand
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Incomplete Form ◽  
Classic Form ◽  
First Time ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Koro, in its complete, classic form has been described as a culture bound syndrome. It usually occurs in otherwise healthy individuals in the context of acute, severe anxiety. The incomplete form of Koro is said to occur as part of a recognizable primary psychiatric disorder. A case report is presented for the first time of Koro in association with phobia for AIDS. A cognitive-behavioral approach was utilized in the management of the AIDS phobia and symptoms of Koro.

scholarly journals Neonatal priapism: first reported case in South East Asia and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3154
Author(s):  
John Emmanuel ◽  
Siti Maisarah Razali ◽  
Muhammad Asyraf Azmi ◽  
Banuprritaa Veejeyahshegarun ◽  
Michael Arvind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Minimalist Approach ◽  
Almost All

Neonatal priapism varies significantly in aetiology and clinical course compared to older children and adults. This entity is rare and limited to case reports. Due to its rarity, management options are not well defined and this leads to variations in treatment practices. Almost all cases are idiopathic and achieve detumescence following a minimalist approach. We reported a case of neonatal priapism on day 1 of life and review the literature available.

scholarly journals Etymological dictionaries about the sources of church Slavonic vocabulary

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Tatiana Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Organic Component ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The article analyses the Church Slavonic vocabulary, which in the Ukrainian language, according to etymological dictionaries, were gone in different ways: 1) directly from the Church Slavonic language or through the literary language of the period of Kievan Rus; 2) from the Church Slavonic language through other languages: Russian, Czech or Slovak; 3) from the Church Slavonic language by the method of tracing; 4) from other languages through Church Slavonic mediation: from Ancient Greek, from Middle Greek, from Modern Greek, from Latin, from Turkic, from Hebrew, from German. The relevance of the article is determined by the need of a comprehensive analysis of Church Slavonic, which is an organic component of the Ukrainian language. The urgency of this issue in modern Ukrainian linguistics is due not only to its insufficient coverage and a certain fragmentation of the results, but also to the fact that in addition to linguistic and historical and cultural aspects, it has a certain rehabilitation orientation. The following scientific methods were used in the study: descriptive, comparative, statistical. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the linguistic and extralinguistic factors of the appearance of Church Slavonic borrowings in the modern Ukrainian language, the main ways of entry of Church Slavonic into the Ukrainian language are systematically described. The results of the work show that discussions on the emergence of Church Slavonic in the Ukrainian language continue among industry experts and linguists.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document