scholarly journals SPECTRUM OF OPTIC NEUROPATHIES PRESENTING IN NEUROOPHTHALMOLOGY CLINIC AT AFIO

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-16
Author(s):  
Umer Ijaz ◽  
Asad Habib ◽  
Hassan Sajjad Rathore ◽  
Muhammad Imran Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Hospital Record ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Common Association

Objective: To study the spectrum of optic neuropathies in patient’s presenting at AFIO Rawalpindi. Study Design: Descriptive study/retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017. Methodology: Retrospective analysis of hospital record of patients coming to neuro-ophthalmic clinic of ArmedForces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi, from Jan to Dec 2017 was done. Only patients with clearfinal diagnosis of neurophthalmic disease were included. Those with vague diagnosis were excluded. Data wasentered in SPSS version 22 and grouped into variables before analysis. Chi-square test was used for statisticalanalysis. The p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Forty-five patients were included in study including 33 (73.3%) males and 12 (26.6%) females. Mean age of patients was 41.64 ± 17.74 years. Patients were grouped into ischemic optic neuropathy 20%, toxic optic neuropathies 20%, compressive optic neuropathies 17.7%, inflammatory optic neuropathies 11%, neuroretinitis 6.7%, hereditary optic neuropathies 6.7%, multiple sclerosis (MS) related 4.4%, neuromylitis optics spectrum (NMO-SD) related 4.4%, traumatic optic neuropathies 4.4% and nutritional optic neuropathies 4.4%. Deficiency of vitamin B12 and vitamin D was strongly associated with nutritional optic neuropathies while raised TLC was most common association with inflammatory optic neuropathies (57.14%) and of neuroretinitis (66%). Anti-tuberculosis drugs were most common cause of toxic optic neuropathies (88.88%). Chi square test was used for statistical analysis and p<0.05 was considered significant. Conclusion: Ischemic optic neuropathy is the most common presentation in our population according to ourstudy. However...........

scholarly journals Prevalence of oral habits in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Pedro Diniz Rebouças Rebouças ◽  
Levy Sombra de Oliveira ◽  
Henrique Matos Costa Lima ◽  
Lorena Walesca Macedo Rodrigues ◽  
Regina Glaucia Lucena Aguiar Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Absolute Frequency ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Oral Habits ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Objective: this quantitative descriptive study aimed to evaluate the presence of deleterious oral habits and associated factors in children attending the Amadeu Barros Leal day care in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Material and Methods: the sample consisted of 75 children (51% of girls) aged 0 to 5 years. Data were collected through the application of a structured questionnaire to the parents or guardians and analyzed statistically with Fisher’s exact or Chi-square test, considering a 95% confidence interval. The results were expressed as absolute frequency and percentage. Results: 89% of the children participating in the study were breastfed, and 43.5% of them were breastfed at least until the first year of age. As much as 19% of the children slept with their mouths open and 39% used a pacifier, 56.7% of which used it constantly during the day and at night. About 91% of children used a feeding bottle, and most of bottles (79%) did not have an orthodontic nipple. In addition, 60% of children aged 24-36 months had the deleterious habit of grinding their teeth. Conclusion: in the present study, we investigated children from 0 to 5 years old and observed that this age group is predisposed to deleterious oral habits. In this way, more studies that trace a safe epidemiological profile aiming to reduce these harmful habits are extremely necessary.

Norovirus: A Growing Cause of Gastroenteritis in Catalonia (Spain)?

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1810-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MARTÍNEZ ◽  
N. TORNER ◽  
S. BRONER ◽  
R. BARTOLOMÉ ◽  
S. GUIX ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks ◽  
Private Homes

Infectious acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major health problem worldwide. Salmonella is a leading cause of AGE outbreaks, but viruses may be responsible for up to 80% of cases. We compared the frequency and characteristics of AGE outbreaks in Catalonia due to norovirus and Salmonella and the changes in these outbreaks from 2000 through 2010. In 2006 through 2010, we also investigated the distribution by season, setting, and implicated food, the incidence rates of cases associated, and the hospitalization rates. Differences in proportions were estimated by Pearson's chi-square test, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. In 2000 through 2010, the number of AGE outbreaks caused by Salmonella decreased and those caused by norovirus significantly increased. From 2006 onward, norovirus was the most common etiology in AGE outbreaks, but in foodborne outbreaks, Salmonella was the more common cause until 2010. The incidence rate per 105 inhabitants was greater for norovirus (20.81 versus 3.97, P &lt; 0.001), and the hospitalization rate was lower for norovirus (0.84 versus 4.69, P &lt; 0.001). Salmonella infections occurred more frequently in the warmer months, and norovirus infections were more common in the colder months, both in terms of total outbreaks (OR = 4.50; 95% CI, 2.85 to 7.11; P &lt; 0.001) and foodborne outbreaks (OR = 4.38; 95% CI, 2.42 to 7.95; P &lt; 0.001). Norovirus infections were less common in private homes (OR = 0.08; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.14; P &lt; 0.001) and more common in nursing homes (P &lt; 0.001) and hospitals or long-term care facilities (OR = 14.09; 95% CI, 3.35 to 59.33; P &lt; 0.001). Foods most frequently implicated in norovirus infection outbreaks were seafood (22%; OR = 7.89; 95% CI, 2.59 to 24.3; P &lt; 0.001), and those most common in Salmonella infection outbreaks were mayonnaise and similar items (30.2%; OR = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.22; P &lt; 0.001). Foodborne outbreaks in which the vehicle was not identified were more frequent in cases of norovirus infection (OR = 4.59; 95% CI, 2.54 to 8.30; P &lt; 0.001). Our results indicate that norovirus rather than Salmonella is the most common cause of AGE outbreaks in Catalonia. Foodborne AGE outbreaks were more commonly caused by norovirus than by Salmonella only in 2010, the last year of the study.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Jenis Kelamin dan Kejadian Kematian Mendadak di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou Manado

e-CliniC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit J. Pangemanan ◽  
Djemi Tomuka ◽  
Nola T.S. Mallo
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Sudden death could occur in anyone regardless of gender either male or female. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between gender and the incidence of sudden death at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was a descriptive analytical study with across sectional design using total sampling method. The results showed 345 cases of sudden deaths consisted of 209 males and 136 females. The age ranges were 0-1 years (7 cases), 1-18 years (7 cases), 18-40 years (38 cases), 40-60 years (138 cases), and >60 years (155 cases). Coronary heart disease was the leading cause of sudden deaths (40 cases). Data analyzed by using Chi-square test showed a P value of 0.838. Conclusion: There was no relationship between gender and the incidence of sudden death. Sudden deaths were most common among males, age >60 years, with coronary heart disease as the most common cause of sudden death.Keywords: gender, sudden death Abstrak: Kematian mendadak dapat terjadi pada siapa saja, tidak memandang jenis kelamin baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara jenis kelamin dan kejadian kematian mendadak di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif analitik dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan metode total sampling. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 345 kasus kematian mendadak terdiri dari 209 laki-laki dan 136 perempuan. Rentang usia 0-1 tahun berjumlah 7 kasus, usia 1-18 tahun berjumlah 7 kasus, usia 18-40 tahun berjumlah 38 kasus, usia 40-60 tahun berjumlah 138 kasus, dan usia >60 tahun berjumlah 155 kasus. Penyakit jantung koroner merupakan penyebab kematian mendadak terbanyak dengan jumlah 40 kasus. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-kuadrat mendapatkan P=0,838. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian kematian mendadak. Sebagian besar kematian mendadak ditemukan pada laki-laki, kelompok usia >60 tahun, dengan penyebab penyakit jantung koroner.Kata kunci: jenis kelamin, kematian mendadak

scholarly journals Treatment outcome in tuberculosis patients under DOTS treatment, tuberculosis unit, Nahan, Himachal Pradesh, 2013-2015: a record based descriptive study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Kashyap ◽  
Kamaljit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Treatment Success Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Poor Treatment Outcome

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has existed for millennia and remains a major global health problem. There has been significant progress in cure rates achieved in revised national tuberculosis programme (RNTCP), however concerns regarding effectiveness of RNTCP regimens, still exist. These concerns could be addressed through an assessment of treatment outcome. The present study was conducted to ascertain the treatment outcome in tuberculosis patients under DOTS treatment.Methods: A record based descriptive study was conducted in patients enrolled under directly observed treatment strategy (DOTS). The data included the summary of case findings as new smear positive, new smear negative, new extrapulmonary, new others, relapse, failure, treatment after default, category II. Treatment outcome was assessed as cured, treatment completed, died, loss to follow up, failure and transferred out. Different variables were represented as frequency distribution and percentages. Chi square test was used to observe the association of different variables with the outcome of the disease.Results: A total of 899 patients were enrolled under DOTs treatment for tuberculosis. Sputum positivity was present in 481 (72.8%) patients. Outcome showed 384 (79.8%) patients as cured, treatment completed in 414 (81.8%) patients and treatment success rate of 798 (89.7%). Treatment failure was observed 9 (1.9%) patients.Conclusions: Treatment success rate of TB patients in this study was encouraging for TB control through DOTS strategy. However, to reduce poor treatment outcome, patients should be strictly followed by health workers or ASHAs. 

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF REFRACTIVE ERROR AND AMBLYOPIA IN STRABISMUS IN PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-08
Author(s):  
Noureen Malik ◽  
Hannan Masud ◽  
Imran Basit ◽  
Palwasha Noor
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Distance Fixation

Objective: To see the frequency and compare the type of refractive error and strabismus in amblyopic versus non amblyopic children. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Jan to Jul 2019. Methodology: The sample population comprised of 250 patients of new or previously diagnosed children with refractive error and strabismus presenting at children eye outdoor patient department of armed forces institute of ophthalmology. Strabismus was diagnosed by the consultant eye specialist on the basis of heterotropia at near or distance fixation. Amblyopia and refracttive error was assessed by a trained optometrist. Patients were classified into amblyopia and non- amblyopia groups. The type of squint and refractive error was noted down along with demographic details. Chi square test was used to assess thesignificance of association between various categorical variables. Results: A total of 250 participants were included with a mean age of 5.00 ± 1.07 years. Out of total, 132 (52.8%) were males while 118 (47.2%) were females. One hundred and fifty (59.5%) patients were suffering from amblyopia while 100 (39.5%) patients were normal with comparable vision in both the eyes. Out of 150 amblyopic patients 134 (89.3%) were suffering from unilateral amblyopia while 16 (10.6%) patients had amblyopia in both the eyes. Out of refractive errors astigmatism was present in 83 (55.3 %) of amblyopia patients while hypermetropia was present in 54 (36%) of the patients. Out of total patients of strabismus, 95 (63.3%) of non-alternating esotropic patients..........

scholarly journals Complications among Mothers and New Born Due to Delivery Process in Selected Hospitals of Rupandehi District Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanta Sharma ◽  
Indra Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Child Birth ◽  
New Born ◽  
Lower Segment Cesarean Section ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Child birth is a universally celebrated occasion, yet everyday for thousands of women child birth is experienced not as a joyful event as it should be, but as a private hell that may even end in death. The objective of this study is to determine the complications of normal delivery and cesarean section on the mothers and new born.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in two selected hospitals of Rupandehi district, Nepal. Data was collected as per pretested structured proforma from 550 respondents who were the mothers and new born delivered normally and through cesarean section randomly till the completion of sample size and analyzed by using SPSS, MANOVA and Chi-square test to determine associations between categorical variables.Results: In a total of 550 deliveries,25.8% were cesarean delivery, 42.7% motherssuffered from delivery related complications, common were PPH (21.1%), prolonged labour (8.5%) and wound infection (7.6%). 35.5% of newborn had complications, common were respiratory distress (6.3%) and neonatal jaundice (4.2%).Conclusions: Delivery related complications were higher among Lower segment cesarean section compared to vaginal delivery in mothers and newborn.

Determining Erciyes University Students' Knowledge About and Attitudes Toward Sexuality

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1401-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tülay Özkan ◽  
Mürüvvet Başer ◽  
Iskender Gün
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
First Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Chi Square Test

This descriptive study was conducted in order to determine the behaviors and knowledge of Erciyes University students in terms of sexuality. A total of 1,500 final year students from Erciyes University comprised the study group. The data were collected via a questionnaire designed by the researchers. The Chi-square test and student t test were used for statistical analysis. The findings of the study showed 10.9% of the female students and 51.7% of the male students had had a sexual intercourse experience. The average age of the first sexual intercourse experience of the students was 18.2 ± 2.1 years. It was observed that 44.7% of the female students and 36% of the male students were definitely opposed to sexual intercourse before marriage.

Smiling and accessible health services: Assessment of patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Havva Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Selection Of

The current study was done to determine whether smiling and accessible healthcare services were provided to the patients. This descriptive study was conducted at a university. The sample of the study was composed of 188 patients who were hospitalized in hospitals. The data were collected with a questionnaire consisted of 15 questions about patients’ demographic characteristics and their views about smiling and were analyzed with percentages, means, chi-square test.  In the selection of the healthcare personnel, 62% of the patients paid attention to the fact that healthcare personnel should be caring and behave well. However; 83% of the patients stated that they could contact nurses easily while only 2% of the patients could reach physicians easily. In conclusion, patients thought that nurses were more smiling and accessible than physicians and particularly medical secretaries.  Keywords: Health service; nursing; smiling; Turkey.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile Of Children With External Ventricular Drainage

10.3823/2317 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alane Barreto de Almeida Leôncio ◽  
Thaís Grilo Moreira Xavier ◽  
Saionara Lenarda Oliveira Dantas ◽  
Cibério Ladim Macêdo ◽  
Andrea Valente Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Death Certificate ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
External Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Objective: tracing the epidemiological profile, focused on infectious aspects, of children undergoing insertion of external ventricular drainage valve for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Method: A retrospective, documentary and descriptive study of clinical and epidemiological approach with a quantitative analysis of the findings. The sample consisted of 53 children in a pediatric hospital of reference in the state of Paraiba in the period July 2009 to December 2014. For data analysis, non-parametric tests were used, and the chi-square test and Fisher test performed according to the statement. Results: Among the 53 children who participated in our study, 49.1% (26) died. According to the causes found on the death certificate, 69.2% of the causes of death described relation to infection. Conclusion: the high rates of CNS infections and other acquired infections, resulting in the deaths of children who underwent insertion of EVD valve, they are the result of a set of facts involving the care of a multidisciplinary team. The high incidence presented in the shunt study showed that changes and system remaining in the patient to a risk factor for infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence of different methods of crown lengthening and its preference among dental specialties

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1869-1872
Author(s):  
Sanjog Agarwal ◽  
Subhabrata Maiti ◽  
Subhashree R
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Tooth Preparation ◽  
Biologic Width ◽  
Crown Lengthening

Short clinical crowns often lead to poor retention form, leading to improper tooth preparation. Crown lengthening is carried out to increase the clinical crown length without violating the biologic width. Several techniques have been proposed for crown lengthening such as gingivectomy procedures. A Cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in a university, on randomly selected individuals. The study group consisted of patients getting treated at the Department of Prosthodontics from June 2019 – March 2020. 86,000 case sheets were reviewed, and samples were selected using simple random sampling. The two variables were compared using the chi-square test. Laser gingivectomy was the most common 55.9% form of crown lengthening procedure. Awareness of crown lengthening was found more among postgraduates at 78.7%. Among all the departments, crown lengthening was required more for periodontal procedures 42.3%. In this era of quickly developing technologies and innovative ideas, the requirement for faster treatment has not only become a requirement but a necessity. Treatment with lasers is well accepted by patients as it is less time-consuming and painless. Lasers have taken over a lot of procedures so is crown lengthening. Postgraduates know more about crown lengthening and hence do in more number of cases. There are various reasons to get crown lengthening done with periodontitis being the most common specialty for its need.

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