Evolution of family systems and resultant socio-economic structures

Families form the basis of society, and anthropologists have observed and characterised a wide range of family systems. This study developed a multi-level evolutionary model of pre-industrial agricultural societies to simulate the evolution of family systems and determine how each of them adapts to environmental conditions and forms a characteristic socio-economic structure. In the model, competing societies evolve, which themselves comprise multiple evolving families that grow through family labour. Each family has two strategy parameters: the time children leave the parental home and the distribution of inheritance among siblings. The evolution of these parameters demonstrates that four basic family systems emerge; families can become either nuclear or extended, and have either an equal or strongly biased inheritance distribution. Nuclear families in which children leave the parental home upon marriage emerge where land resources are sufficient, whereas extended families in which children staying at the parental home emerge where land resources are limited. Equal inheritance emerges where the amount of wealth required for a family to survive is large, whereas strongly biased inheritance emerges where the required wealth is small. Furthermore, the frequency of polygyny is low in the present model of agricultural societies, whereas it increases for the model of labour-extensive subsistence patterns other than agricultural societies. Analyses on the wealth distribution of families demonstrate a higher level of poverty among people in extended families, and that the accumulation of wealth is accelerated in families with strongly biased inheritance. By comparing wealth distributions in the model with historical data, family systems are associated with characteristic economic structures and then, modern social ideologies. Empirical data analyses using the cross-cultural ethnographic database verify the theoretical relationship between the environmental conditions, family systems, and socio-economic structures discussed in the model. The theoretical studies made possible by this simple constructive model, as presented here, will integrate the understandings of family systems in evolutionary anthropology, demography, and socioeconomic histories.

Effectiveness of a Constructive Model of Variables related to Depersonalization- Derealization Disorder of University Students

The aims of this study were to identify the correlation between Depersonalization - Derealization Disorder (DPDR), anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorders and to propose a constructive model of anxiety, depression and obsessive- compulsive disorders related to Depersonalization Derealization Disorder of university students. The sample consisted of 344 students (325 female and 19 male), with a mean age of (24.4) years. The study applied the following scales: structured clinical interview for depersonalization-derealization spectrum, Cambridge Depersonalization Scale, Generalised anxiety scale (GAD-7), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Maudsley Obsessional–Compulsive Inventory. Results indicated that obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression played a major role in developing DPDR due to a significant positive effect of these disorders, while anxiety had a weak correlation. The study developed a constructive model of variables related to DPDR based on AMOS software. The results illustrated that the contribution of obsessive-compulsive and depression as independent variables in predicting PDRD was 61.8 and 44.9, respectively, while no effect of anxiety was recorded. The findings also developed a model for the causal relationships between anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive influence on DPDR disorder. The results of the causal model test indicated that the obsessive-compulsive variable is hypothesized to be a mediator in influencing the DPDR disorder as it is affected by both anxiety and depression.

the effect of Needham’s Constructive Model on the achievement of the 2nd year intermediate students in Mathematics and their attitudes towards it

The study aims to identify the effect of Needham’s Constructive Model on the achievement of the 2nd year intermediate students in Mathematics and their attitudes towards it. The researchers used the experimental design of partial control for the control and experimental groups. The study sample is 68 students, where the experimental group is 34 students, and the control group is (34) students. The researchers prepared two scales as achievement test, which include (30) multiple choice items. Items psychometric properties and statistical analysis have been got, and a scale of attitudes towards mathematics that includes (30) items with three alternatives. Items reliability, validity, discrimination coefficients are got. The two groups were rewarded in the variables of age and previous achievement in mathematics, IQ test and attitudes scale. After applying the experiment and the two study tools on the study sample, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) in favour of the experimental group in achievement and attitude towards mathematics. Key words: Needham’s model attitudes toword mathematics

The Structural Model of Relationships between Emotional Intelligence, Self-Efficacy and Psychological Well-Being in the Light of the Variables of Perceived Achievement and Self-Actualization among University Students

This research paper aimed to develop a constructive model that would explain the structure of relationships between emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being in the light of perceived achievement and self-actualization. The research sample consisted of (346) students from the first and fourth years of the Faculty of Education - Damanhour University. They were between 18-22 years old. The emotional intelligence scale (Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2002), General Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995) Psychological Well-Being Scale (Springer & Hauser, 2006), Perceived Achievement Scale and Self-Actualization Scale were all applied to the sample. The data was analyzed using path analysis found in the Liseral program (Liseral 8.8). The study results led to a causal constructive model that explains the relationship between emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and psychological well-being in the light of perceived achievement and self-actualization. The results also showed a statistically significant impact of self-efficacy on perceived achievement and psychological wellbeing. There was also a statistically significant impact of self-efficacy and perceived achievement on self-actualization and psychological wellbeing. It was also clear that emotional intelligence and self-efficacy had a statistically significant impact on self-actualization and psychological wellbeing. Self-efficacy had the highest impact, whereas perceived achievement and self-actualization had lesser impact; and emotional intelligence had the least impact. Keywords: emotional Intelligence, self-efficacy, psychological wellbeing, perceived achievement, self-actualization.

Kuryshkin-Wodkiewicz quantum measurement model for alkaline metal atoms

The constructive form of the Kuryshkin-Wodkiewicz model of quantum measurements was earlier developed in detail for the quantum Kepler problem. For more complex quantum objects, such a construction is unknown. At the same time, the standard (non-constructive) model of Holevo-Helstrom quantum measurements is suitable for any quantum object. In this work, the constructive model of quantum measurements is generalized to a wider class of quantum objects, i.e., the optical spectrum of atoms and ions with one valence electron. The analysis is based on experimental data on the energy ordering of electrons in an atom according to the Klechkovsky-Madelung rule and on the substantiation of a single-particle potential model for describing the energy spectrum of optical electrons in alkali metal atoms. A representation of the perturbation of a single-particle potential in the form of a convolution of the potential of an electron in a hydrogen atom with the Wigner function of a certain effective state of the core in an alkali metal atom representation allows reducing all calculation algorithms for alkali metals to the corresponding algorithms for the hydrogen atom.

EU-Latin America: Towards a Constructive Model of Partnership

The article deals with the future-oriented forms in the bi-regional partnership between the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The author analyses changes in the cooperation on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean with special attention to the geo-economic and geo-strategic interests of the parties due to the signing of the EU-Mercosur Trade Agreement. The author holds that the EU currently needs a renewed approach to its dialogue with the LAC. In this regard a promising form of cooperation is the joint implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (agenda 2030). The author argues that the official development assistance and environmental programmes might be an important component of a constructive EU-LAC partnership. The EU currently implements a wide range of initiatives in sustainable development. Thus, the members of European Union seek to move forward to a new pattern of reproduction in the world economic system, based on the SDG agenda, both within the EU and in the interregional North-South cooperation. In this context, the significance of the EU and the LAC interaction in three dimensions of sustainable development ‒ economic, social and ecological – is growing.