The incidence of people and animals with echinococcosis in the Kostanay region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The aim of the research was to study the distribution of echinococcosis in humans and animals in the Kostanay region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Research on the diagnosis of echinococcosis in humans was carried out in the Kostanay branch of the “Scientific and Practical Center for Sanitary and Epidemiological Expertise and Monitoring” of Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2000-2015. In order to establish the degree of invasion of dogs by echinococcus, fecal samples in the Kostanay region, in the areas where cases of echinococcosis in humans were registered, were taken. The incidence among the population of various age groups in the region was analyzed according to the results of studies of blood samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lung radiography. It has been established that echinococcosis is a widespread disease among people living not only in the Kostanay region, but also in the Republic of Kazakhstan on the whole. Between 2000 and 2019 the number of patients with echinococcosis in the Kostanay region amounted to 249 cases. The smallest number of cases (5) was registered in 2000, and the largest in 2014-26 cases. In the years of 2002-2015. the incidence rate of echinococcosis in humans did not decrease and ranged from 1.6% to 1.5% per 100.0 thousand people. The maximum number of positive reactions by ELISA for echinococcosis was recorded in 2003, 2005, 2006 and from 2013 to 2016, when the incidence rate of people was 0.9%; 0.8%; 0.26%; 1.8%, 3.0%; 1.5%; 0.9% respectively. The peak incidence of human echinococcosis occurred in 2014 and amounted to 3.0%. The analysis of the registration of cases of echinococcosis among people of different age groups showed that out of 8 cases in 2016, 3 cases were in the population under the age of 14 and its infection rate per 100.0 thousand amounted to 1.74%. In 2017, out of 7 registered cases of the incidence of echinococcosis in humans- 2 cases were in the population under the age of 14 and its infection rate per 100.0 thousand was 1.14%. The maximum number of cases of echinococcosis in 2011-2017 was recorded in sheep, the invasion rate of Echinococcus granulosus being 3.1%, 3.5%, 4.2%, 3.1%, 5.6%, 3.0%, 2.8% respectively, while the average invasion in sheep amounted to 1.5%. There were no cases of registration of echinococcosis in horses. Judging by the results of the comparative analysis of the epizootic and epidemiological situation of echinococcosis in the Kostanay region, it should be noted that echinococcus infection occurs in all areas of the region, with approximately the same level of development of livestock production and a large number of dogs.

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Molecular and serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Anaplasma spp. infection in goats from Chongqing Municipality, China

Parasite ◽

10.1051/parasite/2018024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 20 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zuoyong Zhou ◽

Yutong Wu ◽

Yiwang Chen ◽

Zhiying Wang ◽

Shijun Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽

Zoonotic Diseases ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Chongqing Municipality ◽

Polymerase Chain

Toxoplasmosis and anaplasmosis are severe zoonotic diseases, the former caused by Toxoplasma gondii and the latter by Anaplasma spp. In the present study, 332 goat blood samples were randomly collected from Chongqing Municipality, China to screen for T. gondii and Anaplasma spp. We used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect DNA, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to test for T. gondii antibodies. The prevalence of T. gondii and Anaplasma spp. was 38% and 35% respectively by PCR, and 42% for T. gondii antibodies by ELISA. The co-infection rate by T. gondii and Anaplasma was 13%, where the two predominant pathogens co-infecting were Anaplasma phagocytophilum + A. bovis (10%), followed by T. gondii + A. phagocytophilum (9.64%). While co-infection by three pathogens varied ranging from 1.81% to 5.72%, less than 1% of goats were found to be positive for four pathogens. This is the first investigation of T. gondii and Anaplasma spp. infection in goats from Chongqing.

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Epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Vojvodina

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0602019p ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 59 (1-2) ◽

pp. 19-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vladimir Petrovic ◽

Predrag Djuric ◽

Slavica Stefanovic

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Age Groups ◽

Immunization Coverage ◽

Laboratory Diagnostics ◽

Small Children ◽

Long Period ◽

And Control ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Epidemiological Situation

Introduction. In the preimmunization era, pertussis was one of the most common respiratory diseases in children in Vojvodina. Material and methods. This paper deals with effects of immunization against pertussis in Vojvodina and its epidemiological characteristics during the last 10 years. Results and discussion. The average incidence rate for the preimmunization era (1948-1960) was 122/100.000. During the period of immunization, the incidence rate has been continuously declining. During the period from 1995 till 2004, average incidence rate was 0,2/100.000 There were 125 registered deaths caused by pertussis in the preimmunization era, and 13 deaths in the immunization period. The last case of death caused by pertussis occurred in 1970. Pertussis vaccination coverage in Vojvodina has been above 95% for a long period of time. Pertussis is still reported, mostly in individual cases. Since 2003, it was registered in children younger than 24 months. During the last decade, 82% of cases were unimmunized children. The majority of affected were infants (59%) and children from 12 to 24 months of age (15%). Pertussis is registered in small children due to delayed immunization and in school children due to loss of immunity. Conclusion. Favorable epidemiological situation of pertussis in Vojvodina is the result of high immunization coverage. The disease is most frequently registered in individual cases, in unimmunized infants and small children. Mild cases of pertussis remain unrecognized in older age groups, in previously immunized children. It is necessary to improve surveillance and laboratory diagnostics of pertussis in order to monitor the epidemiological situation and to provide timely investigation and control of pertussis. .

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Incidence of thyroid malignancies in Baku

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kmj2018-472 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 472-475

Author(s):

F A Mardanly ◽

N A Guliev ◽

I Dz Alieva ◽

F K Alieva ◽

S I Dzhafarova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Group ◽

Female Population ◽

Cancer Aggressiveness ◽

The Republic ◽

Standardized Index ◽

Thyroid Malignancies ◽

Epidemiological Situation ◽

Overall Mortality

Aim. To study the epidemiological situation of the incidence of thyroid cancer in Baku during the period 2012-2016. Methods. The basis for conducting the present study was statistical reporting form No. 7 of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan for the period 2012-2016. 355 patients were examined who were further divided into 2 age groups: 0-17 years (children) and 18 years and older (adults). To assess the epidemiological situation, extensive parameter (disease distribution), intensive (incidence), prevalence of thyroid malignancies, overall mortality rate and lethality, 5-year survival and cancer aggressiveness were used. Results. Analysis of the incidence of thyroid malignancies in Baku during the period 2012-2016, revealed an increase in incidence, especially in female patients. During the study period, incidence of thyroid cancer among males was 1.5-1.6 per 100 000, and among females - 2.5-4.2 per 100 000. Prevalence during the study period among males increased by 1.7 times and by 2.3 times among females. The peak morbidity of thyroid cancer among females was in the age group of 30-39 years (1.8 per 100 000) and 50-59 years (2.2 per 100 000), and among males the standardized index for all age groups was relatively stable (0.3 per 100 000). Conclusion. The assessment of incidence of thyroid malignancies among the population of Baku during the period 2012-2016 revealed its increase, especially among the female population.

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Serological and coprological analyses for the diagnosis of Fasciolagigantica infections in bovine hosts from Sargodha, Pakistan

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x15000711 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 90 (4) ◽

pp. 494-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T. Rehman ◽

M.N. Khan ◽

R.Z. Abbas ◽

W. Babar ◽

A. Sikandar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Fasciola Gigantica ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Coprological Examination ◽

Syringe Filter ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽

Checkerboard Titration

AbstractA serological and coprological survey of fasciolosis was conducted in bovine hosts from the Sargodha district, Pakistan using excretory–secretory (ES) antigens of Fasciola gigantica from cattle and buffaloes. Livers, faecal and blood samples of 146 cattle and 184 buffaloes were collected from slaughterhouses and examined for the presence of any Fasciola in bile ducts and ova in faeces. Serum was separated. ES antigens were prepared by incubating adult Fasciola in phosphate-buffered saline for 6–8 h and then filtering using a 0.22-μm syringe filter. Checkerboard titration was performed and optimum concentrations of antigen and serum were determined. Sero-prevalence was found to be 50.00 and 38.35% in buffalo and cattle, respectively. Using liver examination as the gold standard, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) sensitivity was found to be 100% in both buffalo and cattle as compared with that of coprological examination in buffalo (61.79%) and cattle (54.54%). This indigenous ELISA was also highly specific, with values of 96.84 and 98.90% in buffalo and cattle, respectively. Positive predictive values were calculated as 96.74 and 98.21% in buffalo and cattle, respectively, while negative predictive values were 100%. For the validation of indigenous ELISA in field surveys, faecal and blood samples were collected from six sub-districts (tehsils) in the district of Sargodha. Sera were screened for the presence of anti-fasciola antibodies using both the indigenous and commercial ELISA kits. While both kits were equally sensitive, the indigenous ELISA was found to be more specific. The highest prevalence of fasciolosis was found in December, as ascertained using both serological and coprological examination. Significant differences were found in prevalences of fasciolosis in different sub-districts and age groups, together with feeding and watering systems.

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PREVALENCE AND STRUCTURE OF HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS IN CHILDREN IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

Health and Ecology Issues ◽

10.51523/2708-6011.2018-15-1-12 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 70-75

Author(s):

E. F. Mitsura ◽

L. I. Volkova

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Hereditary Spherocytosis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

First Year ◽

Annual Growth Rate ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Number Of Children ◽

The Republic ◽

First Year Of Life

Objective: to assess the prevalence and structure of hemolytic anemias (HA) in children in the Republic of Belarus over the period 2005-2016. Material and methods . Absolute and intensive indicators (per 100,000 children) were assessed according to the data of official statistical reports: the number of HA cases detected at the age of 0-17, newly diagnosed cases of HA over the current year, the number of children with HA who are on dispensary registration by the end of the year. These indicators were estimated in the Republic of Belarus as a whole and separately by regions and age groups. Results . The average incidence rate of HA in the Republic of Belarus from 2005 to 2016 was 12.9 per 100,000 children, the number of newly registered cases was 1.8 per 100,000 children. From 2005 to 2016 there was an increase in the incidence rate of pediatric HA (average annual growth rate of 2.4% per year, rs = + 0.825, p = 0.001). The highest incidence rates of HA in children were in Vitebsk, Minsk, and Grodno regions. The growth of the morbidity was the most pronounced in Minsk, Gomel, and Vitebsk regions. The highest values of newly diagnosed cases of HA per 100,000 people were recorded in Grodno and Vitebsk regions, and the lowest was in the city Minsk. Most newly diagnosed cases of HA were registered in children of the first year of life (38.4% of cases, incidence of 11.3 per 100,000 people in this age group) and in children aged 1-4 (30.3%, incidence 2.3 per 100,000). In the structure of newly identified cases of HA, hereditary spherocytosis (51.6%), autoimmune HA (18.8%) and thalassemia (12.5%) were predominant. The etiology of HA remains unspecified in 10.9% of cases. The prevalence of hereditary spherocytosis in Belarus is much lower than the expected one, whereas the prevalence of autoimmune HA is higher than that in the European region. Conclusion. The increase in the incidence rate of HA in children and their inadequate record point to the necessity of improvement of HA diagnostic means.

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DISTRIBUTION AND ORGANOLEPTIC INDICATORS OF PRODUCTS OF SMALL CATTLE SLAUGHTER IN ECHINOCOCCOSIS ON THE MARKETS OF DUSHANBE

10.31016/978-5-6046256-1-3.2021.22.374-379 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 374-379

Author(s):

Murodov ◽

Razikov ◽

Khudoidodov ◽

Soatov

Keyword(s):

Infection Rate ◽

High Intensity ◽

Research Work ◽

Age Groups ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Sheep Breeding ◽

Mountain Zone ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The Republic ◽

Intensity Of Invasion

This article provides data on the research work carried out to identify echinococcosis among small cattle of different age groups in the Republic of Tajikistan. Echinococcosis of farm animals with a high intensity of invasion is recorded in all areas studied by us, in the valley, foothill and mountain zones. Thus, out of the examined 23 364 organs from slaughtered sheep, 17 850 animals, or 76.40%, were affected by echinococcus. In the farms of the valley zone with distant-pasture sheep breeding, the average prevalence was 72.4%, in the foothill zone with distant-pasture sheep breeding – 90.4%, and in the mountain zone – 59.3%. Slaughtered livestock has a high prevalence not only in the context of zones and districts, but also within farms of the same district, depending on the conditions of keeping the sheep and the number of dogs in the flocks. Thus, in farms with distant-pasture sheep breeding in the valley zone of the same district, the infection rate reached 75.0%, while in the mountain zone only 54.2%. The study for echinococcosis of cattle of different sex and age groups found the same pattern as in sheep, i.e. the prevalence increased with age: from 12% in animals under 2 years old to 39.4% in animals of 3–4 years old and 41.6% in animals older than 5 years.

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Seroprevalence and molecular detection of Bovine Parainfluenza-3 Virus (BPI-3V)

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences ◽

10.29079/vol13iss2art298 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Lina Shaheed AL-abudy

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Tissue Sample ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Age Groups ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Spreading Rate ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Nasal Discharge

The study aims to investigate the presence of Bovine Parainfluenza-3 Virus (BPI-3V) by using direct Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Real-Time- quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction RT-qPCR technique and evaluation some clinical and epidemiological features of the disease. One hundred forty-seven (147) animals of different age (6 months to 8 years) and sex from different regions of Al-Diwaniya governorate that showed respiratory signs were examined between November 2012 and April 2013. Results of the clinical study showed that there was an increase in body temperature up to 40 C0, serous watery nasal discharge, increased respiratory rate, abnormal breath sound (loud, harsh sound, whistling or wheezing), and coughing. The infection rate by using direct ELISA test was (30.26 %). The spreading rate of BPIV-3 in relation to ages, regions and months of the years was (48%) in the age group 6 months-3 years, highest rate (60%) in December as compared with other months and Sedeer region recorded infection rate (40%). The results of Real Time-qPCR showed a high infection rate of BPI-3 virus 55.13% in cattle population as high sensitivity of this technique. Higher percentage recorded in tracheal tissue sample 60.60 % as compared with lungs tissue and nasal swabs in the percentage of 54.54% and 50%, respectively. In conclusion, there was a characteristic epidemiological feature of spreading of BPIV-3 in depending on age groups, different regions, and different months of the year.

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Serological detection of avian reovirus in different poultry flocks of Gazipur and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.1126-1131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1126-1131 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Syeda Farjana Neepa ◽

Zobayda Farzana Haque ◽

Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj ◽

Md Alimul Islam ◽

Sukumar Saha

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Serological Test ◽

Age Groups ◽

Vaccination Status ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Avian Reovirus ◽

Wing Vein ◽

Broiler Breeder ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Test Kit

Background and Aim: Avian reovirus (ARV) is a constraint to poultry industry in Bangladesh as a cause of several diseases in chickens, especially in broiler. However, the actual status of the viral infection is not known because the large-scale study is not conducted in this country. Therefore, this study aimed to check the presence and distribution of ARV-specific antibody in respect to area, types of chickens (broiler breeder, broiler, and layer), vaccination status, and age of chickens in Gazipur and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 276 chickens' blood samples were collected from two well-organized broiler breeder stock, seven broiler farms, and five layer farms located at two districts, namely Gazipur and Mymensingh of Bangladesh. Blood samples were collected from wing vein of the apparently healthy chickens using 3 ml of syringe and serum was harvested by keeping the syringe at room temperature in slanting position. The sera were transferred to the laboratory by maintaining the cool chain and further processing was performed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using ARV antibody test kit. Results: The results of serological test revealed that an average of 39.5% seropositive against ARV was recorded in chickens of Gazipur and Mymensingh districts. Among these, chickens of Gazipur district had the highest seropositivity of 50.5% than Mymensingh (30.7%). With respect to vaccination status, the seropositivity of vaccinated chickens in both areas was 100% and non-vaccinated chickens was 50.5% in Gazipur and 30.7% in Mymensingh district, respectively. However, regarding age groups, the seropositivity was higher in the age of 4-6 weeks (64.5%). Conclusion: The present serological findings showed a higher prevalence of ARV-specific antibodies in broiler birds. It indicates that the poultry industries of Bangladesh are contaminated with ARV which may naturally be transmitted to chickens either vertically or horizontally.

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Prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis Detected by Enzyme Immunoassay Coproantigen among People Living with HIV/AIDS Attending Selected Hospitals in Maiduguri, Nigeria

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health ◽

10.9734/ijtdh/2021/v42i1430513 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 17-25

Author(s):

Askira M. Umoru ◽

A. B. Samaila ◽

S. M. Panda ◽

M. Y. Iliyasu ◽

U. M. Kadaura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infection Rate ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

T Lymphocyte ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Cryptosporidium Species ◽

Occurrence Rate ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Stool Samples

Background: Cryptosporidium species are intestinal parasites that infect both humans and animals; it causes cryptosporidiosis which usually resulted to diarrhea especially among those with impaired immunity. It was observed that enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) be ascertain was never been used as one of the techniques in the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum antigen in Maiduguri, Borno state. Materials and Methods: Four hundred stool and blood samples were collected in four selected hospitals in the study area. Stool samples were analyzed by Enzyme link immunosorbent assay to detect fecal Cryptosporidium antigen, while the blood samples were analyzed with Partec sysmex ® flow cytometric machine for CD4 T-lymphocyte counts. Results: Demographically, female are 275 while male 125 in number. The result of the stool samples have shown that, of the four hundred samples, seventy nine (79) patients were positive for Cryptosporidium species with an infection rate of 19.8%. According to gender, females have the highest infection rate of 14.25% while males 5.5%.based on age, patients between the ages of 20-39 have the highest prevalence of 9.5% followed by 40-59 with 7.5% and lastly 0-19 and >60 old are1.25 and 1.5% respectively. Traders (businessmen and women) demonstrated the highest infection rate of 8.0% followed by housewives 6.25%, civil servants 4.25% and lastly student and farmer with 1.0 and 0.25% respectively. In terms of CD4-T-lymphocyte count, those with CD4 <200cells/µl has an occurrence rate of 8.25% followed by 201-499 with 7.0% and >500 with 4.5%. on the bases of clinical details, the results have shown that patients with diarrhea has a prevalence of 13.0% while those without diarrhea has 6.75%, however, according to the hospitals the patients attended, the result has that, USUMH has 7.0%.Followed by UMTH 6.5%, SSHM 3.75%, and MSMH 2.5% respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that those with cd4 count bellow 200 are at risk of contacting the parasites and hence is one of the causes of diarrhea among HIV patients. It is recommended that proper hygiene practice should be encouraged.

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A Cross Sectional Survey of Chicken Astroviruses Antibody in Broiler and Sonali (Cross-Bred) Chickens in Selected Areas in Bangladesh

Macedonian Veterinary Review ◽

10.2478/macvetrev-2020-0016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 75-80

Author(s):

Md Zulfekar Ali ◽

Mohammad Moktader Moula ◽

Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽

Muhammad Tariq Javed

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Winter Season ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Elisa Kit ◽

Published Report ◽

Poultry Birds ◽

Wide Range ◽

Group B

AbstractChicken astroviruses (CAstV) are enteric viruses of poultry causing gastroenteritis, malabsorption, gout and white chick disease commonly known as runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). It can affect the wide range of poultry birds, especially chicken, turkey and duck worldwide. To our best knowledge there is no published report on presence of antibodies against CAstV in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study aimed to detect the presence of CAstV antibodies in broilers and sonali chickens (a cross-bread) in Bangladesh through a cross-sectional survey. A total of 454 blood samples from 66 flocks of broiler (n=343) and sonali chickens (n=111) of different ages were obtained during 2017 from four districts. The birds were healthy but were not vaccinated against CAstV. The samples were tested for specific antibodies against CAstV Group B by using commercially available ELISA kit. Overall, 16.74% (76/454) samples and 34.84% (23/66) flocks were positive for CAstV antibodies. The seroprevalence of CAstV was significantly (p=0.001) higher in sonali chickens (36.96%) than broiler (10.20%), while it was significantly higher (p=0.001) in birds of Bogura district (36.94%) than the other three districts. Regarding the age groups, seroprevalence was insignificantly (p=0.192) higher in sonali chicken before laying age (45%) than during laying age (27.45%). Regarding the seasons, CAstV infection was prevalent significantly (p=0.001) higher in winter season. Thus, the present study indicated the presence of CAstV in poultry in Bangladesh, so further studies are required to find out the magnitude of the problem in the country.

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