scholarly journals Determination of the content of a construct "volunteer activity" in educational practice: the experience of theoretical comprehension and empirical reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 400-421
Author(s):  
Olga A. Bokova ◽  
◽  
Yulia A. Melnikova ◽  
Irina V. Grigoricheva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Volunteer Activity ◽  
Empirical Generalization ◽  
Differential Technique ◽  
Pedagogical Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

Introduction. Volunteering is becoming more and more important in the life of civil society and for the formation of human capital, but at the same time there is a lack of comprehensive scientific practice-oriented psychological-pedagogical research on the concept of "volunteer activity". The purpose of this work is to determine the actual effectiveness of an interdisciplinary study of the psychological-pedagogical concept of “volunteer activity” in the educational space. Methods. Empirical data were obtained using the methods of psychosemantics and psycholinguistics (verbal self-descriptions "My volunteer activity" (schoolchildren and students) and "I am an organizer of volunteer activities" (teachers-organizers, leaders of volunteer centers/teams) were used; compilation of an associative dictionary, a "Personal Differential" technique. The data underwent the procedure of content analysis with the extraction of semantic units. To process the results obtained, an iterative method of cluster analysis – k-means clustering – was used; a comparative analysis of fields was implemented. The empirical study involved schoolchildren (N = 44, aged 14-17) and university students (N = 432, aged 18-20) engaged in volunteering and organizers of volunteer activities (N = 37, aged 35-40) from the Altai Territory. The total sample consisted of 910 people. Research results. The scheme of the interdisciplinary study has been tested, which makes it possible to construct the semantic space of a psychological-pedagogical concept of "volunteer activity". For each sample of respondents, two clusters were obtained: schoolchildren and university students (p≤0.01) – the measure of proximity varies from 4.59 to 9.52 for the first cluster and from 4.19 to 7.57 – for the second one; teachers-organizers (p≤0.05) – the measure of proximity varies from 2.67 to 4.89 for the first cluster and from 1.72 to 3.36 – for the second one; volunteer leaders (p≤0.05) – the measure of proximity varies from 2.67 to 4.33 for the first cluster and from 2.35 to 4.73 – for the second one. Significant differences and points of contact of semantic fields were revealed. The average values of the scales according to the "Personal differential" technique are as follows: for schoolchildren – 5, for university students – 16. Conclusion. The prospects for the implementation of this study are outlined, which consist in the empirical generalization of the continuity of implementation of volunteer practices; the structural analysis of psychological-pedagogical technologies and interactive forms of education, the development of a set of tools for assessing the effectiveness of the results of implementation of volunteer programs, the creation of an electronic database of the most effective and adequate practices.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Mindfulness, Psychopathological Symptoms, and Academic Performance in University Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329411989990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Vorontsova-Wenger ◽  
Paolo Ghisletta ◽  
Valentin Ababkov ◽  
Koviljka Barisnikov
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Inner Experience ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Mindfulness Skills ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Acting With Awareness

It has been shown that a mindfulness construct involving five component skills (observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience) is related to well-being and lessens depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. This study investigates the relationship between mindfulness, academic performance, and psychopathological symptoms in a sample of Swiss university students during preparation for examinations. A total sample of 150 university students from the psychology department at the University of Geneva were invited to report their mindfulness skills and academic performance, as well as anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms, through self-report measures. Results indicated that the total mindfulness score and the nonreactivity facet of mindfulness were associated with depression scores. Furthermore, mindfulness skills were positively correlated with students’ academic performance. Finally, certain demographic variables, such as gender, were linked to the presence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in our sample. The clinical implications of these results are discussed.

White Student Comfort and Conflict in Experiential Racial Dialogues

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-263
Author(s):  
Kelly Maxwell ◽  
Mark Chesler
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
White Students ◽  
Students Of Color ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
White Student ◽  
Racial Experiences ◽  
White Culture ◽  
The Impact

Background: White students are both curious and sometimes apprehensive about engaging in dialogues about race. Purpose: We investigate white university students’ experience of comfort and conflict in racial interaction in inter- and intragroup dialogues. Methodology/Approach: We analyzed student papers written at the beginning and end of the dialogue as well as their post-semester interviews, for their hopes/fears, classroom racial experiences, and learnings. Findings/Conclusions: White students in two types of semester-long dialogue courses reported issues of relative comfort and conflict as they explored their own and others’ racial histories and outlooks. They reported feeling safer in the white-only (intragroup) dialogues, as they learned about white culture and privilege; they also lamented not having racialized “others” to learn from. White students in the interracial (intergroup) dialogues often reported more discomfort, risk, and tension, as they learned about the impact of white culture and privilege on students of color, as well as about racism as a white problem. Implications: We draw implications for educational practice that include dissonance and conflict as stimuli for student learning and the use of experienced-based pedagogical techniques that encourage student sharing, critical reflection on narratives and encounters, and mutual participation.

Perfectionism, Self-Efficacy, and Depression: Preliminary Analysis of the Japanese Version of the Almost Perfect Scale–Revised

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 896-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
High Standards

The Almost Perfect Scale–Revised is a self-report measure of perfectionism. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the scale's Japanese version and its relation to self-efficacy and depression. Japanese university students ( N = 249) completed the Japanese version of the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised along with the General Self-Efficacy Scale–12 and the Self-Rating Depression Scale. Exploratory factor analysis indicated three factors: Discrepancy, High Standards, and Order. Estimates of internal consistency reliability for the three subscales were high. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Almost Perfect Scale–Revised in another group of Japanese university students ( N = 206) supported the 3-factor structure. Cluster analyses using the three subscales yielded four clusters. In addition to adaptive perfectionists, maladaptive perfectionists, and nonperfectionists, identified in previous studies, a normal perfectionists group was identified, with mean scores similar to those of the total sample and depression and self-efficacy scores close to those of nonperfectionists. Adaptive perfectionists, characterized by high scores on High Standards and Order and low scores on Discrepancy, also had higher scores on self-efficacy and lower scores on depression than maladaptive perfectionists and even nonperfectionists. The influence of Japanese culture is discussed.

scholarly journals Transtornos alimentares, imagem corporal e influência da mídia em universitárias

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isadora Ramos Fonseca ◽  
Ana Paula Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Olimpia Ribeiro do Vale Almada ◽  
Rene Jesus De La Torre Acosta ◽  
Monise Martins da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
University Students ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Test Body ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Monitoring

Objetivo: avaliar, em universitárias da área da saúde, indícios de transtornos alimentares, satisfação com a imagem corporal e influência da mídia. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, observacional, com 61 universitárias, com idade superior ou igual aos 20 anos de idade, aplicando-se os questionários Eating Atitudes Test, Body Shape Questionnaire, questionário de Teste de Imagem Corporal, Atitudes Socioculturais em Relação à Aparência, Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica e dados antropométricos. Realizou-se a análise descritiva das variáveis. Resultados: observou-se que, das 45 universitárias, a maioria apresentou Índice de Massa Corporal adequado; 26,7% apresentaram indícios de transtornos alimentares; 4,4%, insatisfação corporal grave e a influência da mídia e a compulsão alimentar periódica apresentaram-se em 2,2% do total da amostra estudada. Conclusão: entende-se que o diagnóstico precoce desses distúrbios, assim como de suas complicações clínicas, nem sempre é possível. Torna-se essencial que o tratamento das complicações seja realizado de maneira concomitante ao acompanhamento psicoterápico e nutricional. Descritores: Transtornos Alimentares; Imagem Corporal; Universitárias; Anorexia; Bulimia; Transtorno Alimentar Periódico.AbstractObjective: to evaluate, in university students in the health field, signs of eating disorders, satisfaction with body image and media influence. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study, with 61 university students, aged 20 years or over, using the Eating Attitudes Test, Body Shape Questionnaire, Body Image Test questionnaire , Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance, Periodic Eating Compulsion Scale and anthropometric data. Descriptive analysis of the variables was carried out. Results: it was observed that, of the 45 university students most had an adequate Body Mass Index; 26.7% showed signs of eating disorders; 4.4%, severe body dissatisfaction and the influence of the media and binge eating were 2.2% of the total sample studied. Conclusion: it is understood that the early diagnosis of these disorders, as well as their clinical complications, is not always possible. It is essential that the treatment of complications is carried out concurrently with psychotherapeutic and nutritional monitoring. Descriptors: Eating Disorders; Body Image; University Students; Anorexia; Bulimia; Periodic Eating Disorder.ResumenObjetivo: evaluar, en estudiantes universitarias en el campo de la salud, signos de trastornos alimentarios, satisfacción con la imagen corporal e influencia de los medios. Método: este es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, observacional, con 61 estudiantes universitarias, de 20 años o más, utilizando el Test de Actitudes Alimentarias, el Cuestionario de Forma Corporal, el cuestionario del Test de Imagen Corporal, Actitudes socioculturales hacia la apariencia, Escala de compulsión alimentaria periódica y datos antropométricos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables. Resultados: se observó que, de las 45 estudiantes universitarias, la mayoría tenía un Índice de Masa Corporal adecuado; 26.7% mostró signos de trastornos alimentarios; 4.4%, la insatisfacción corporal severa y la influencia de los medios de comunicación y los atracones fueron 2.2% de la muestra total estudiada. Conclusión: se entiende que el diagnóstico temprano de estos trastornos, así como sus complicaciones clínicas, no siempre es posible. Es esencial que el tratamiento de las complicaciones se realice simultáneamente con el monitoreo psicoterapéutico y nutricional. Descriptores: Trastornos de la Alimentación; Imagen Corporal; Estudiantes Universitarios; Anorexia Bulimia; Trastorno Alimentario Periódico.

scholarly journals Substantiation of the Impact of Fitball Gymnastics and Fitness Yoga Activities on the Health Level of University Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 206-213
Author(s):  
E.K. Gilfanova ◽  
T.B. Gorbatenko ◽  
O.Yu. Sharova
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
First Year ◽  
Recreational Facilities ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Health Level ◽  
Pedagogical Research ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the possibility of using non-traditional recreational facilities in the educational process with university students. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the developed methodology for fitball gymnastics and fitness yoga on the health level of students. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: theoretically substantiate the proposed methodology of classes; identify and conduct a comparative analysis of adaptive potential according to the method of R.M. Baevsky and the level of the functional state of first-year students during an experimental study. Scientific novelty lies in the expansion of theoretical and practical approaches to physical education at the university. The positive impact of the proposed teaching methods on the level of functional readiness of first-year students is substantiated and experimentally proved. To improve the methodology, a set of methods was used: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, the method of pedagogical research, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics.

scholarly journals Interest in COVID-19 vaccine trials participation among young adults in China: Willingness, reasons for hesitancy, and demographic and psychosocial determinants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufang Sun ◽  
Danhua Lin ◽  
Don Operario
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
University Students ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Vaccine Trials

Background: With the demand for rapid COVID-19 vaccine development and evaluation, this paper aimed to describe the prevalence and correlates of willingness to participate in COVID-19 vaccine trials among university students in China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with 1,912 Chinese university students was conducted during March and April 2020. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify variables associated with willingness to participate. Results: The majority of participants (64.01%) indicated willingness to participate in COVID-19 vaccine trials. Hesitancy over signing informed consent documents, concerns over time necessary for participating in a medical study, and perceived COVID-19 societal stigma were identified as deterrents, whereas lower socioeconomic status, female gender, perception of likely COVID-19 infection during the pandemic, and COVID-19 prosocial behaviors were facilitative factors. Further, public health mistrust and hesitancy over signing informed consent documents had a significant interactive effect on vaccine trial willingness. Conclusions: High standards of ethical and scientific practice are needed in COVID-19 vaccine research, including providing potential participants full and accurate information and ensuring participation free of coercion, socioeconomic inequality, and stigma. Attending to the needs of marginalized groups and addressing psychosocial factors including stigma and public health mistrust may also be important to COVID-19 vaccine development and future uptake.

scholarly journals Near Points of Convergence and Accommodation in a Population of University Students in IranNear Points of Convergence and Accommodation in a Population of University Students in Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Hashemi ◽  
Mojgan Pakbin ◽  
Babak Ali ◽  
Abbasali Yekta ◽  
Hadi Ostadimoghaddam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Young Student ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Snellen Chart ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To determine the distribution of the near point of convergence (NPC) and near point of accommodation (NPA) in a young student population in Iran. Methods: The subjects were selected using a cluster sampling method. All students underwent optometry tests, including visual acuity measurement, refraction, and cover test, as well as ophthalmic examinations. The NPC and NPA were measured using an accommodative target (near Snellen chart). Results: Of 1,595 students, the data of 1,357 were analyzed. The mean NPC and NPA in the total sample were 7.25 cm (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.02 to 7.48) and 9.99 cm (95% CI, 9.69 to 10.29), respectively. Older age was associated with an increase in the NPC, which increased from 6.98 cm in 18–20 years olds to 9.51 cm in those over 30 years. The NPA was significantly associated with age and refractive errors in the multiple linear regression model, increasing from 9.92 cm in 18–20 years olds to 11.44 cm in those over 30 years (P = 0.003). Hyperopic eyes had lower NPA than myopic and emmetropic eyes (P = 0.001). In younger age groups, the mean accommodation amplitude was lower than the mean Hofstetter value. Moreover, with age, especially after 30 years, the mean values surpassed those determined using the Hofstetter formula. Conclusion: The NPC values in this study were lower than those previously reported for identical age groups. The Hofstetter formula is not always an accurate predictor of the accommodation amplitude in the Iranian adult population.

scholarly journals Self-Efficacy of the University Students’ Toefl Performance: Differences in the Test Skill and English Skills in Toefl

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Marisa Yoestara ◽  
Zaiyana Putri
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The University ◽  
One Way Anova

This study aimed at reporting differences in terms of the university students’ TOEFL self-efficacy in the test skill and the English skills tested in TOEFL namely listening, structure, and reading. In conducting the study, the explanatory sequential mixed method was used as the study design, where the quantitative data from the survey was conducted first followed by the follow-up interview as the qualitative data. To collect the data in this study, a specifically designed self-efficacy questionnaire of TOEFL was distributed to the total sample of 200 university students across different disciplines from Syiah Kuala University and the University of Serambi Mekkah. The interview was then conducted with 3 selected students to have a deeper understanding of the study result. In terms of the data analysis, one-way ANOVA and t-test were used to describe the quantitative data, while the qualitative data was described and elaborated in words with detailed explanations. The result showed that there was a significant difference among the test skill and the English skills in TOEFL, where F= 13.61 (3, 796), p<0.05. The result also revealed that within the gender, only reading skill had a significant difference, where t198= -2.003, p <. 005, and within the language course participation, all the test skills and TOEFL skills were significantly different as the p-value of each skill was smaller than .005 (p< .005).

scholarly journals Effects of Harassment on Academic Performance: A Case of University Students of Lahore

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (III) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zaheer Ud Din Babar ◽  
Noshina Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cyber Harassment ◽  
Prime Objective ◽  
Convenience Sampling

This research study attempted to explore the effects of cyber harassment and traditional harassment on the academic performance of university students. Likewise, investigating the influence of this harassment on substance usage was another prime objective of the study. For this purpose, students of four Lahore based universities (2 public, 2 private) were taken as population. Similarly, using convenience sampling, 150 respondents from each university were selected to meet a total sample of 600 students. For data collection, a cross-sectional survey method was used; however, for data analysis, a one-way analysis of variance was done so that demographics differences could be checked. Whereas Pearson product-moment correlation was applied to tests the relationships between IVs and DVs. Results evidently found that the majority of the students faced one or both types of harassment, i.e. traditional and cyber, which resulted in their indulgence in substance usage practices.

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