Associations between Dairy Intake, Body Composition, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Spanish Schoolchildren: The Cuenca Study

Full-fat dairy has been traditionally associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, recent evidence shows that the amount of dairy intake might have a beneficial effect over these pathologies, regardless of their fat content. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the intake of dairy products (including milk with different fat contents) with both adiposity and serum lipid concentration, adjusted by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), in Spanish schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study of 1088 children, aged 8 to 11 years, was conducted in which anthropometric variables (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass percentage (FM%) and fat mass index (FMI)), blood lipid profile, and dairy intake (using a food frequency questionnaire), and CRF (through a 20-m shuttle run test) were measured. Results showed that children with lower BMI, WC, FM%, and FMI had higher whole-fat milk intake and lower skimmed and semi-skimmed milk intake than children with higher BMI, WC, FM%, and FMI. Children with normal levels of triglycerides and high density lipoproteins (HLD) cholesterol consumed more whole-fat milk and less reduced-fat milk than children with dyslipidemic patterns. These relationships persisted after adjustment for CRF. Our findings suggest that full-fat milk intake should be promoted in children without obesity or high cardiometabolic risk.

Biochemical aspects of KB-28 compound on physically loaded study subjects

In previous studies of actoprotective activity of 5-R-thio-tetrazolo[1,5]quinazoline derivatives in normal and complicated experimental conditions, sodium 2-(tetrazolo [1,5-c]quinazoline-5-ylthio)acetate (KB-28) was found to be the leader of the experiment. The objective of the current study was to characterize the effects of KB-28 compounds on carbohydrate and lipid exchange indices under the conditions of physical load as a possible mechanism of actoprotective effect. In the course of the experiment, the indices of carbohydrate and lipid exchange in the muscle, blood and liver of animal models were determined following a 15-day physical load course. In doing so, glucose, glycogen and total lipid concentrations were assessed. The KB-28 compound was administered daily at levels determined during the course of regular physical load normalized metabolic processes in rats. The results were then compared to a control which received intraperitoneally the equivolume 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The phenomenon of actoprotection consisted in enhancing concentrations of glycogen in skeletal muscles and liver. Compared to the control figures, this increase was 28.8% and 25.0%, accordingly. Moreover, the course of KB-28 caused a statistically significant reduction (by 32.1%) of the total serum lipid concentration in the animals under physical load. The effect may be a sign of the ability of this substance to utilize active lipolysis for improvement of the skeletal muscle performance. Having analyzed the results obtained, we can draw a conclusion that influencing the biochemical processes in the study models is one of the mechanisms of the KB-28 actoprotective effect.

A study of the influence of lipid profile in diabetic patients on the incidence of cerebrovascular events

Background: The relationship between elevated serum lipids and atherosclerosis is well established. Recent studies have demonstrated not only that the serum lipid concentration but also the distribution of TG and cholesterol within major lipoprotein classes are of importance for the development of atherosclerosis. Elevated plasma concentrations of LDL and decreased HDL are associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. To study the influence of lipid profile in diabetic patients on the incidence of cerebrovascular events.Methods: The study was based on 60 patients meeting the inclusion criteria from those who were admitted at Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India from Feb 2013-May 2014. Detailed history was taken and thorough physical examination done pertaining to the involved condition. Patients who were conscious, slow progression of neurological deficit, rapid onset of lateralizing signs with variable blood pressure were considered to be suffering from infarction.Results: The mean values of lipid profile were significantly different among the gender. There were more females with medium and high TC values as compared to females and this difference was found to be significant. Though the number of females with high HDL values was more than males, the difference was not found to be significant. The number of females with high LDL values was far more than males and this difference was found to be significant. Though the number of females was more with high TG values, the difference was not found to be significant.Conclusions: In conclusion, our study gives evidence that poor glycemic control is a strong risk factor for stroke in patients with NIDDM.

THE ASSOCIATION OF INSULIN RESISTANCE AND LIPID PROFILE RATIO IN METABOLIC SYNDROME

The cause of metabolic syndrome is still not known for sure, but it is suspected that the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome is associated with insulin resistance and central obesity. Researchers have attempted to evaluate insulin resistance using various serum lipid concentration ratio. This study was to observe the association between insulin resistance and lipid profile ratio using HOMA-IR in metabolic syndrome patients. This study was a cross-sectional that was conducted in Inpatient and Outpatient Adam Malik Hospital during March 2016 - April 2016. Subjects were patients with metabolic syndrome criteria according to the International Diabetic Federation 2005. All samples were examined for their waist circumference, weight, height, blood pressure, insulin, serum glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, Triglycerides. Among sixty-six patients in the study 40 (60.6%) were male and 26 (39.4%) female. In this study, there was a significant correlation between HOMA-IR with CT/HDL ratio (r: 0.244 p <0.05); and there was no correlated HOMA-IR, and TG/HDL ratio (r: 0.086 p > 0.05) and there was no correlation between HOMA-IR and LDL/HDL (r: 0.336 p > 0.05). There was a significant relationship between insulin resistance and ratio CT/HDL

PO-111 Effects of aerobic exercise on fatty acid metabolism in liver of NAFLD Rats

Objective Aerobic exercise can improve liver metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liverdisease (NAFLD), but the molecular mechanism is not completely clear, which limits the applicationof aerobic exercise in the treatment and improvement of NAFLD. In this paper, the effects of aerobicexercise on the expression levels of important genes regulating fatty acid metabolism in the liver ofNAFLD rats were studied in order to explore the possible molecular mechanism of aerobic exerciseregulating hepatic fatty acid metabolism.Methods 1. Animal grouping. 36 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats aged 21 days old were randomlydivided into three groups after 1 week of adaptive feeding: 10 in the normal diet quiet group (NCgroup), 10 in the high-fat diet quiet group (HC group) and 16 in the high-fat diet exercise group (HTgroup). 2. Training arrangements. After 12 weeks, the rats in the HT group underwent 8 weeks ofaerobic exercise with a training intensity of 25m/min, and continued exercise for 1h/d, 6d/w for atotal of 8 weeks. 3. Sample collection. After an overnight fast, rats in the three groups were weighedand anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 10% chloral hydrate (0.3 ml/100 g bodyweight). Blood samples were collected from the aortaventralis, centrifuged, and kept frozen at -80 °Cfor chemical assays. The rat liver was removed, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored in a -80 °Cfreezer. 4. Serum lipid concentration and liver function detection. Serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C), free fatty acid (FFA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanineaminotransferase (ALT) were detected in three groups of rats. 5. Detection of expression levels offatty acid metabolism related genes in liver. The expression levels of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK), silence information regulator 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γcoactivator 1α (PGC-1α) in rat liver were detected by SYBR Green real-time PCR. 6. Data statistics.Results were expressed in the form of mean±standard deviation. Spss17.0 statistical software wasused to conduct one-way ANOVA to compare the differences between the groups, p<0.05 indicatessignificant difference between groups.Results 1. Effects of aerobic exercise on Blood lipids and liver function. The serum levels of TC, TG,LDL-C, FFA, AST and ALT in HC group were significantly higher than those in NC group (p < 0.05),while HDL-C level was significantly lower (p < 0.05). The serum concentrations of TC, TG, LDL-C, FFA,AST and ALT in HT group were significantly lower than those in HC group (p < 0.05), while HDL-Clevel was significantly higher (p < 0.05). 2.Effects of aerobic exercise on the expression of fatty acidmetabolism regulatory genes in liver of rats. The mRNA expression levels of AMPK, SIRT1 and PGC-1α in liver of HC group were significantly lower than those of NC group (p < 0. 05). While the mRNAexpression levels of AMPK, SIRT1 and PGC-1 α in liver of HT group were significantly higher thanthose of HC group (p < 0. 05).Conclusions Aerobic exercise can improve serum lipid concentration and liver function in NAFLDrats. It increased the consumption of ATP, led to an increase in AMP/ATP ratio, enhanced the mRNAexpression of AMPK, SIRT1 and PGC-1α, activated AMPK - SIRT1 - PGC-1α signaling pathway,reduced hepatic fat synthesis and accelerated fatty acid oxidation in NAFLD rats liver.

The Monitoring of Protein Markers of Inflammation and Serum Lipid Concentration in Obese Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

SummaryBackground: Obesity is one of the most common modern health problems worldwide. Proinflammatory cells accumulate in the adipose tissue of the obese, and the presence of a low level chronic inflammation in obesity is associated with the emergence of a range of metabolic disorders in cluding cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, fatty-liver disease, and others. Neutrophils are early parti - cipants in inflammatory processes. After the appropriate stimu lation, these cells release reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which leads to degranulation and secretion of myeloperoxidase and other enzymes. Myelo per oxidase and its reactive oxidants contribute to tissue damage during inflammatory processes in the human body. Methods: The study included 175 subjects who were, in com - pliance with the International Diabetes Federation criteria, divided into 3 groups: normal weight subjects (N=106), subjects with abdominal obesity (N=37) and the third group consisted of subjects with the metabolic syndrome (N=32). Results: By analyzing the myeloperoxidase enzyme activity (kU/L), and the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the blood of all subjects, we detected their significantly higher activity and levels in subjects with the metabolic syndrome, as compared to normal weight subjects (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on our results, we can conclude that the MPO activity in the serum progressively increases with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, which indicates that this prooxidant enzyme may play a role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of the obesity and the metabolic syndrome related complications.

Clinical Significance of HbA1c in the Management of Complicated Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Bangladesh

Diabetic patients are generally suffered by several other diseases such as dyslipidemia, cardiovascular and urinary diseases. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a commonly used marker for identifying long-term glycemic control. The objective of this study is to investigate the co-relation of HbA1c with blood glucose level, serum lipid, cholesterol and creatinine level in type 2 diabetes patients. A prospective study was carried to collect data from the diabetic hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh though interview and from the current pathological reports of the patients and then data was analyzed using Excel. Results showed that serum lipid concentration, fasting and postprandial blood glucose are directly related with the percentage of HbA1c in the blood. In addition, risks of hypertension, dyslipidemia and kidney diseases also showed higher in high percentage of HbA1c in the blood of the patients. However, HbA1c is independent with age, weight and height of the patients. This study will help to mange complicated diabetic patients by controlling HbA1c from the beginning of the treatment.