scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the physicochemical composition of pea cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Guindon ◽  
María Gabriela Aguero ◽  
Ileana Gatti ◽  
Enrique Cointry
Keyword(s):  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Hydration Capacity

Peas are an inexpensive nutrient source. Basic information about variation in physicochemical composition is required to manage breeding programs and postharvest operations effectively. Different properties were measured in seeds from 16 promising pea genotypes to study variability between lines, degree of genetic parameters, and associations among different traits. Seed weight and diameter, pH, and titratable acidity showed the highest values for broad-sense heritability and the most negligible differences between the phenotypic and genetic coefficient of variation, indicating that these traits’ variability was predominately due to genotypic differences. Genotypes had a wide-range profile that could be related to morphological and physiological properties. Yellow varieties showed superior values for weight and sizes (27.84 g; 0.57 cm) and small changes in diameter after hydration (48.35 %), while wrinkled varieties showed inferior moisture content (9.54 %), higher hydration capacity (1,314.66 g H2O/kg seeds), and protein content (28.88 %). Cuarentina and B315 were the more resistant and firmer materials; B315 also had the highest water hydration capacity, which would be appropriate for canning. Polyacrylamide gels demonstrated differences in protein composition; Gypsi contained more legumin (47.27 %) than the other genotypes, which is more beneficial nutritionally, and contained less convicilin (7.06 %), making it suitable for the food industry. Using accelerated aging, we studied color changes due to storage and established that the Viper line was highly tolerant to it. We could identify lines that may be exploited by industry or quality breeding programs.

scholarly journals Color in ostracode shells: taphonomy and paleotemperature interpretation

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
Mervin Kontrovitz ◽  
Jerry Marie Slack ◽  
Nigel R. Ainsworth ◽  
Richard D. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Geologic History ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Igneous Intrusions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
Coloring Agents ◽  
Organic Rich Sediment

Interpretations of geologic history would be enhanced if taphonomic processes, including color changes in shells, were better known. This study deals with the origins and alteration of post-mortem colors in podocopid ostracodes. Modern shells were subjected to elevated temperatures and pressures in reactor vessels with sediments, simulating some burial conditions. Fossil shells from outcrops and boreholes were heated and treated with solvents, in an attempt to identify the coloring agent(s).Modern marine shells are white to pale yellow (Munsell 5Y 8/1 – 2.5Y 8/4). Upon heating at atmosphere, up to about 650°, they became slightly redder, slightly darker, and less color saturated, but never dark (Munsell “value” less than 5). From 650-850° they became yellower and lighter, and above 850° chalky and more yellow. Shells at elevated temperatures and pressures (T-P) with organic-poor sediments and/or iron compounds developed higher color values and lower chromas; they did not become dark. Thus, modern ostracode shells subjected to elevated T-P changed colors, but alone never attained the dark colors seen in many fossils. Only those heated in matured organic-rich sediment and/or crude oils became dark (dark grays, browns, and blacks), like some fossils. Fossil ostracodes from boreholes in Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks showed downhole color differences similar to those from experiments. That is, the colors of fossils are different in hue, value and chroma in different thermal zones and ostracode color appears to be broadly indicative of thermal history.Fossils near igneous intrusions are dark, while the lowered values and chromas of those in metamorphics also are correlatable with paleotemperatures. Reheated dark fossils lightened at about 375-450°, eventually becoming pale yellow to white, apparently indicating that organic coloring agents were driven off. This, and the fact that modern ostracodes develop dark colors only when heated in organic-rich substances, support the contention that the dark color originates from extrinsic organic materials. Pyritized shells become weak red (Munsell 10R 4/4) upon heating; thus, they can be distinguised from those colored by organics.Therefore, ostracode colors appear to be diagnostic of T-P and present the potential for use in paleotemperature reconstructions. A wide range of fossils, including conodonts, phosphatic brachiopods, scolecodonts, and palynomorphs are known to show recognizable and useful evidence of thermal maturation and it is proposed that ostracodes be added to the list.

RESISTANCE TO DIEBACK DISEASE CAUSED BY FUSARIUM AND LASIODIPLODIA SPECIES IN CACAO (THEOBROMA CACAO L.) GENOTYPES

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD ADU-ACHEAMPONG ◽  
SIMON ARCHER ◽  
SIMON LEATHER
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Sahlbergella Singularis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dieback Disease ◽  
Moderately Resistant

SUMMARYFusarium and Lasiodiplodia species invade feeding lesions caused by mirid bugs (Distantiella theobroma [Dist.] and Sahlbergella singularis Hagl.) and inflict serious damage and yield loss to susceptible cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) varieties in West Africa. As it is the fungal invasion rather than the physical feeding injury by mirids that cause dieback and tree death in cacao, a dieback resistance strategy in cacao crop must take into account resistance to these causal agents. Twenty-nine and 15 cacao genotypes were screened in the laboratory and the greenhouse, respectively, for resistance to isolates of Fusarium decemcellulare and Lasiodiplodia theobromae at Imperial College London's Biological Sciences Campus, UK. Resistance was assessed as the size of necrotic lesions, distance of fungal colonisation in the stem and the proportion of seedlings with dieback symptoms. Genotypic differences were found in both laboratory and greenhouse tests among various cacao genotypes, and the clones showed a wide range of disease reactions from highly resistant to very susceptible. The pathogenicity of F. decemcellulare and L. theobromae were similar in this study, which suggests that a breeding programme for controlling one of the pathogens can have benefit against the other. Direct significant correlations (r = 0.7) were obtained between visual dieback assessment scores and the percentage cross-sectional area of stem necrosis. Moreover, the response of inoculated stem segments corresponded to the reaction of intact plants despite the variation in the used methodology. Three cacao genotypes (CATIE 1000, T85/799 and MXC 67) were resistant or moderately resistant to F. decemcellulare and L. theobromae. These genotypes could be useful sources of resistance to both pathogens and other wilt causing pathogens in cacao.

scholarly journals PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF YELLOW MOMBIN ( Spondias mombin L. ) ATOMIZED POWDER

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUÍS GOMES DE MOURA NETO ◽  
ÉRICA MILO DE FREITAS FELIPE ROCHA ◽  
MARCOS RODRIGUES AMORIM AFONSO ◽  
SUELI RODRIGUES ◽  
JOSÉ MARIA CORREIRA DA COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Color Appearance ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Tropical Fruits ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Sensory Acceptance

ABSTRACT: Dehydration is an important alternative to making the most of the use the surplus of production and take advantage of the seasonality of tropical fruits. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical composition of the yellow mombin pulp (Spondia mombin L.) powder, obtained by spray drying, and evaluate its sensory acceptance in the form of reconstituted juice. The physicochemical analyzes of the yellow mombin powder were: pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and moisture, with all results in accordance with the current legislation. The addition of maltodextrin in the process reduced the sensory analysis values (color, appearance, and taste). The tested formulations, (powders with 25 and 27.05% maltodextrin) preserved, and even favored the aroma. These formulations had the following values (7.66 and 7.68) higher than the values found for integral juice (6.60).

scholarly journals Why and How to Switch to Genomic Selection: Lessons From Plant and Animal Breeding Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Aline Fugeray-Scarbel ◽  
Catherine Bastien ◽  
Mathilde Dupont-Nivet ◽  
Stéphane Lemarié
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection For

The present study is a transversal analysis of the interest in genomic selection for plant and animal species. It focuses on the arguments that may convince breeders to switch to genomic selection. The arguments are classified into three different “bricks.” The first brick considers the addition of genotyping to improve the accuracy of the prediction of breeding values. The second consists of saving costs and/or shortening the breeding cycle by replacing all or a portion of the phenotyping effort with genotyping. The third concerns population management to improve the choice of parents to either optimize crossbreeding or maintain genetic diversity. We analyse the relevance of these different bricks for a wide range of animal and plant species and sought to explain the differences between species according to their biological specificities and the organization of breeding programs.

scholarly journals INTEMPERISMO ARTIFICIAL DE QUATRO REVESTIMENTOS APLICADOS EM MADEIRAS DE DUAS ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Krolow Soares ◽  
Roberto Lessa Pereira ◽  
Pedro Henrique Gonzalez de Cademartori ◽  
Henrique Weber Dalla Costa ◽  
Darci Alberto Gatto
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Surface Wettability ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Artificial Weathering ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Accelerated Aging Test ◽  
Aging Test ◽  
Weathering Resistance

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a resistência ao intemperismo artificial de quatro revestimentos aplicados nas madeiras de duas espécies florestais. Para tal, foram utilizadas seis árvores de Eucalyptus grandis e três árvores de Tetrorchidium rubrivenium as quais foram desdobradas para confecção de 50 amostras para cada espécie, com dimensões de 5,0x7,0x1,0cm (largura, comprimento e espessura, respectivamente). A superfície das madeiras foi revestida com quatro acabamentos: polistein, verniz marítimo, tinta branca base óleo e tinta branca base água. As amostras sem revestimento e revestidas foram submetidas ao ensaio de envelhecimento acelerado durante 480 horas. A resistência ao intemperismo artificial foi avaliada por meio das modificações colorimétricas e morfológicas ao longo da exposição das madeiras e em função da molhabilidade superficial. Os principais resultados mostraram que a superfície das madeiras  tendeu a tons opacos após exposição de 480 horas. Foi observado que os revestimentos não evitaram o aumento da molhabilidade superficial. Após todo o período de exposição, as madeiras não apresentaram modificações morfológicas tais como rachaduras e descascamento dos revestimentos, o que denota importante característica de proteção à madeira.Palavras-chave: Eucalyptus, canemaçu, modificação da superfície, envelhecimento acelerado, durabilidade da madeira. ARTIFICIAL WEATHERING OF FOUR COATINGS APPLIED ON WOODS OF TWO FOREST SPECIES ABSTRACT:The present study aimed to investigate the resistance to artificial weathering of four coatings applied on wood from two forest species. Six trees of Eucalyptus grandis and three trees of Tetrorchidium rubrivenium were cut to produce 50 wood samples for each species with dimensions of 5.0x7.0x1.0 cm (width, length and thickness, respectively). Wood surface was coated with four finishing products: polistein, marine varnish, oil-based white paint and water-based white paint. The uncoated and coated wood samples were subjected to accelerated aging test for 480h. The artificial weathering resistance was evaluated by color changes and surface wettability. The main results showed the coated woods tend to opaque tones after the exposure for 480h. The coatings did not avoid the increase of the surface wettability. After the exposure, both woods did not present morphological changes, such as cracks and peeling into the coatings, which represent relevant characteristics for wood protection.Keywords: Eucalyptus, canemaçu, surface modification, accelerated aging, wood durability. DOI:

scholarly journals Population structure and phylogenetic relationships in Brassica rapa L. subspecies by using isozyme markers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Sammour ◽  
M. A. Karam ◽  
Y. S. Morsi ◽  
R. M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The present study aimed to assess population structure and phylogenetic relationships of nine subspecies of Brassica rapa L. represented with thirty-five accessions cover a wide range of species distribution area using isozyme analysis in order to select more diverse accessions as supplementary resources that can be utilized for improvement of B. napus. Enzyme analysis resulted in detecting 14 putative polymorphic loci with 27 alleles. Mean allele frequency 0.04 (rare alleles) was observed in Cat4A and Cat4B in sub species Oleifera accession CR 2204/79 and in subspecies trilocularis accessions CR 2215/88 and CR 2244/88. The highest genetic diversity measures were observed in subspecies dichotoma, accession CR 1585/96 (the highest average of observed (H0) and expected heterozygosity (He), and number of alleles per locus (Ae)). These observations make this accession valuable genetic resource to be included in breeding programs for the improvement of oilseed B. napus. The average fixation index (F) is significantly higher than zero for the analysis accessions indicating a significant deficiency of heteozygosity. The divergence among subspecies indicated very great genetic differentiation (FST = 0.8972) which means that about 90% of genetic diversity is distributed among subspecies, while 10% of the diversity is distributed within subspecies. This coincides with low value of gene flow (Nm = 0.0287). B. rapa ssp. oleifera (turnip rape) and B. rapa ssp. trilocularis (sarson) were grouped under one cluster which coincides with the morphological classification.

scholarly journals The Genetic Variability of Sicilian Lemon Germplasm Revealed by Molecular Marker Fingerprints

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Siragusa ◽  
Fabio De Pasquale ◽  
Loredana Abbate ◽  
Letizia Martorana ◽  
Nicasio Tusa
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Genetic Isolation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Bud Mutation ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
Polymorphic Nature

There is a high level of diversity among lemons [Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. (2n = 2x = 18)] in Sicily, where each growing area has a wide range of landraces mostly derived from bud mutation. Because this variability represents an important resource for future breeding programs and genetic improvement, the relationships among the principal 36 accessions of Sicilian lemon, belonging to three different cultivars (Femminello, Monachello, and Lunario), were examined by intersimple sequence repeat and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Three ‘Femminello’ accessions from nearby Italian regions were also examined to study the genetic flow from the continent. The disputed case of the accession ‘Eureka Messina lemon’ was also examined, using ‘Frost Eureka’ as a control. Our results confirmed the extreme polymorphic nature of the three principal Sicilian cultivars and the presence of a wide range of different genotypes. Twenty-two Sicilian genotypes were recognized as unique accessions, reflecting the richness of the lemon germplasm present in Sicily. Each growing area showed the presence of several genetically different landraces, probably preserved by genetic isolation, whereas the continental accessions appeared extremely similar to the island genotypes, showing an exchange of germplasm from the island to the continent.

scholarly journals Obtaining human hair keratin-based films and their characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
V. V. Mykhaliuk ◽  
◽  
V. V. Havryliak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Film Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background. Keratins are natural biopolymers with a wide range of applications in the field of biotechnology. Materials and Methods. Extraction of keratins was performed by a modified Nakamura method using 250 mM DTT. The protein concentration in the supernatant was determined by Bradford method. The protein composition was studied by their electro­phoretic separation in a polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The films were made by casting. The surface characteristics of the films were determined using a scanning electron microscope REMMA-102. The elemental composition of the films was determined using an X-ray microanalyzer. Results. The protein concentration in the supernatant was 3.75 mg/mL. After using dithiothreitol in the extraction mixture, we obtained proteins of intermediate filaments with a molecular weight of 40–60 kDa and a low Sulfur content. In the low molecular weight region, we obtained keratin-associated proteins with a molecular weight of 10–30 kDa and a high content of Sulfur. These proteins belong to fibrillar proteins, which can be used as a matrix for the creation of new keratin-containing biocomposites with a wide range of applications in reparative medicine and tissue engineering. Based on the obtained keratin extract, polymer films with and without the addition of glycerol were made. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that glycerol provided the film structure with homogeneity and plasticity due to the accumulation of moisture after the fixation by water vapor. The X-ray microanalysis of films revealed such elements as Sodium, Silicon, Sulfur, Potassium. Among the detected elements, Sulfur has the largest share that is due to the large number of disulfide bonds in the keratin molecule. Conclusions. The polymer keratin films with the addition of glycerol demonstrated better mechanical properties and can be used in biomedicine.

scholarly journals ‘Garnem’ and Myrobalan ‘P.2175’: Two Different Drought Responses and Their Implications in Drought Tolerance

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Beatriz Bielsa ◽  
María Ángeles Sanz ◽  
María José Rubio-Cabetas
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Rootstock Breeding

One of the challenges in rootstock breeding programs is the combination of tolerances to different abiotic stresses in new interspecific hybrids adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. In this work, two Prunus L. rootstocks: Myrobalan ‘P.2175’ (P. cerasifera Ehrh.) and the almond × peach hybrid ‘Garnem’ (P. amygdalus Batsch × P. persica (L.) Batsch) were subjected to drought during 24 h to understand their drought response mechanisms. The study was conducted monitoring leaf water potential (LWP), stomatal conductance (gs), relative water content (RWC), and electrolyte leakage (EL); as well as the abscisic acid (ABA) content in roots. The relative expression of five drought-relative genes was also studied. The obtained results allowed examining the drought tolerance potential of ‘Garnem’ and Myrobalan ‘P.2175’, demonstrating the great potential of ‘Garnem’ as drought tolerance source in future selections in breeding. Furthermore, based on the obtained data, the transcription factor Myb25-like could be a good biomarker of drought sensitivity for use in Prunus rootstock breeding programs.

scholarly journals Influence of the season and lactation on the milk composition of goats-producers of biosimilar human lactoferrin

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
A. I. Budevich ◽  
E. V. Petrushko ◽  
D. M. Bogdanovich ◽  
V. N. Kuznetsova ◽  
Iu. K. Kirikovich
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Human Lactoferrin ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Nonfat Milk ◽  
Milk Solids

The seasonal variability of the physicochemical parameters of milk of both ordinary goats and goats producers of a biosimilar human lactoferrin has been established. The average values of the mass fraction of fat, protein, lactose, nonfat milk solids, density index in the second and third quarters were lower than in the first and fourth quarters. At the same time, the difference between the spring-summer and autumn-winter periods in the mass fraction of fat was 25%. In the mass fraction of protein, lactose, nonfat milk solids, density it was 5–7%. Comparative analysis of milk from goats-producers of a biosimilar human lactoferrin of various lactations revealed a number of changes in the physicochemical composition of raw materials in comparison with non-transgenic animals: an increase in the mass fraction of protein by 4–6% (P˂0.05), of lactose by 2–6 (P˂0.05), nonfat milk solids by 1–6, density by 2–5% (P˂0.05), freezing temperature by 5 and a decrease in the mass fraction of fat by 5–8% (P˂0, 05). At the same time, the indicators of active and titratable acidity of milk were similar in all groups of animals. At the same time, the concentration of human lactoferrin in the milk of producers of the second and third lactation had almost identical seasonal changes in the increase and decrease in the synthesis of lactoferrin in the mammary gland during the year: in the first quarter – 2.88 and 2.97 g/l, in the second – 4.76 and 4.63, in the third – 7.44 and 7.55 and in the fourth – 7.97 and 6.72 with an average annual value of 5.84 and 5.72 g/l, respectively.

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