Complexity growth of massive black hole with a probe string

In this work, we study the computational complexity of massive gravity theory via the “Complexity = Action” conjecture. Our system contains a particle moving on the boundary of the black hole spacetime. It is dual to inserting a fundamental string in the bulk background. Then this string would contribute a Nambu–Goto term, such that the total action is composed of the Einstein–Hilbert term, Nambu–Goto term and the boundary term. We shall investigate the time development of this system, and mainly discuss the features of the Nambu–Goto term affected by the graviton mass and the horizon curvature in different dimensions. Our study could contribute interesting properties of complexity.

QUANTUM JOURNALISM: PRINCIPLES OF METHODOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONALIZATION

The study aimed to formulate the basic principles of methodological formulation of quantum journalism concept (Latin –«quantum journalism», abbreviated –QJ with the pronunciation [k’udzei]; in Ukrainian –«kudzhei»).Methodology.In the group of general methods, the method of monistic idealism was chosen, this presupposes the primacy of the spirit. In line with monistic idealism, we rely on the concept of quantum infinity. Among the empirical methods, the axiomatic method and the hypothetical-deductive method were used. The first, the axiomatic method, allowed to put forward positions that did not require proof. On their basis, the theses that formed the axiomatic theory of the functioning of quantum journalism were derived. The hypothetical-deductive method became the basis for making a hypothesis and further proving its validity by deduction.Conclusions.According to the results of the research, the basic principles of methodological systemization of quantum journalism were formulated. When studying the theoretical foundations of quantum journalism, it is necessary to use the potential of quantum theory (mainly its Copenhagen interpretation). The study of practical activities within quantum journalism is carried out based on the position that the trends recorded in the field of the micro-world have their transformations in the macro world. Quantum journalism is considered a social institution, which is a theoretical and practical form of social activity of specialists in social communications and is based on ideas that are hypothetically formulated in mathematics and quantum mechanics. In quantum journalism, the unit of analysis (as well as the unit of measurement) is a synergetic-convergent and cross-transmedia unity, the elements of which alone (in isolation) cannot represent the total action, on the one hand, and which alone do not represent the characteristics of the set, on the other. Keywords: quantum journalism, methodological institutionalization, quantum mechanics, institutionalization.

CONTROL OF THE VIBRATION SPECTRUM IN SOILS AND ROCKS BASED ON THE MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF SHORT-RELEASED EXPLOSIONS

In this work, seismic-explosive waves are investigated on the basis of mathematical simulation of short-delayed explosion of a system of charges and effective and seismic-safe schemes are calculated. Numerical simulation of the explosion of a group of charges of cylindrical symmetry in a rock mass is carried out. During the development of the explosion, two stages are distinguished. At the first stage, the explosion of a cylindrical explosive charge in an unlimited soil mass is considered. The principle of superposition of fields is used in the study of explosions of two or more charges, while the influence of the intervals of deceleration and distribution of masses of charges within a group on the parameters of seismic-explosion waves is investigated. It is established that approximately the same stress state is achieved in the soil mass in the near and middle zones of the explosion, which is necessary for the destruction of the rock. The efficiency of application of the proposed schemes for mining in quarries is proved. At the second stage of solving the problem, an assessment of the total action of a short-delayed explosion of a system of cylindrical charges is made. The results of theoretical studies on the determination of the optimal short-delay detonation schemes depending on the distribution of masses within the group and the deceleration intervals are presented. The development of the method for calculating seismic vibrations based on mathematical modeling of a short-delayed explosion of a system of charges, which makes it possible to calculate wave parameters depending on the distribution of masses of charges within a group of deceleration intervals, is made and proved its effectiveness.

A note on the total action of 4D Gauss–Bonnet theory

Recently, a novel four-dimensional Gauss–Bonnet theory has been suggested as a limiting case of the original D-dimensional theory with singular Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant $$\alpha \rightarrow \alpha /(D-4)$$ α → α / ( D - 4 ) . The theory is proposed at the level of field equations. Here we analyse this theory at the level of action. We find that the on-shell action and surface terms split into parts, one of which does not scale like $$(D-4)$$ ( D - 4 ) . The limiting $$D\rightarrow 4$$ D → 4 procedure, therefore, gives unphysical divergences in the on-shell action and surface terms in four dimensions. We further highlight various issues related to the computation of counterterms in this theory.

On the Vilkovisky-DeWitt approach and renormalization group in effective quantum gravity

The effective action in quantum general relativity is strongly dependent on the gauge-fixing and parametrization of the quantum metric. As a consequence, in the effective approach to quantum gravity, there is no possibility to introduce the renormalization-group framework in a consistent way. On the other hand, the version of effective action proposed by Vilkovisky and DeWitt does not depend on the gauge-fixing and parametrization off- shell, opening the way to explore the running of the cosmological and Newton constants as well as the coefficients of the higher-derivative terms of the total action. We argue that in the effective framework the one-loop beta functions for the zero-, two- and four-derivative terms can be regarded as exact, that means, free from corrections coming from the higher loops. In this perspective, the running describes the renormalization group flow between the present-day Hubble scale in the IR and the Planck scale in the UV.

Five dimensional Chern–Simons gravity for the expanded (anti)-de Sitter gauge group $${\hbox {C}}_5$$

We study the Hamiltonian dynamics of a five-dimensional Chern–Simons theory for the gauge algebra $$C_5$$C5 of Izaurieta, Rodriguez and Salgado, the so-called $$\hbox {S}_H$$SH-expansão of the 5D (anti-)de Sitter algebra (a)ds, based on the cyclic group $${\mathbb {Z}}_4$$Z4. The theory consists of a 1-form field containing the (a)ds gravitation variables and 1-form field transforming in the adjoint representation of (a)ds. The gravitational part of the action necessarily contains a term quadratic in the curvature, beyond the Einstein–Hilbert and cosmological terms, for any choice of the two independent coupling constants. The total action is also invariant under a new local symmetry, called “crossed diffeomorphisms”, beyond the usual space-time diffeomorphisms. The number of physical degrees of freedom is computed. The theory is shown to be “generic” in the sense of Bañados, Garay and Henneaux, i.e., the constraint associated to the time diffeomorphisms is not independent from the other constraints.

Frontier Search and Plan Reconstruction in Oversubscription Planning

Oversubscription planning (OSP) is the problem of choosing an action sequence which reaches a state with a high utility, given a budget for total action cost. This formulation allows us to handle situations with under-constrained resources, which do not allow us to achieve all possible goal facts. In optimal OSP, the task is further constrained to finding a path which achieves a state with maximal utility. An incremental BFBB search algorithm with landmark-based approximations, proposed for OSP heuristic search to address tasks with non-negative and 0-binary utility functions. Incremental BFBB maintained with the best solution so far and a set of reference states, extended with all the non-redundant value-carrying states discovered during the search. Each iteration requires search re-start in order to exploit the new knowledge obtained along the search. Recent work proposed an approach of relative estimation of achievements with value-driven landmarks to address arbitrary utility functions, which incrementally improves the best existing solution so far eliminating the need to maintain a set of reference states. We now propose a progressive frontier search algorithm, which alleviates the need to re-start from scratch once new information is acquired by capturing the frontier achieved at the end of each iteration which is used as a dynamic reference point to continue the search, leading to improved efficiency of the search.

Effect of photostimulation on biopotentials of maize leaves in conditions of thermal irritation

Plant biopotentials can be used to evaluate their functional state and mechanisms for adaptation to changes in external conditions of their cultivation. The paper is devoted to the experimental study of the dynamics of total potential of maize leaves caused by cold and heat stimuli on the background of photopotential during continuous light stimulation. In the experiments, a specially designed stimulator was used that allowed simultaneous exposure of the plant to light and to thermal irritation. Studies have shown that background continuous light stimulation with white light with a brightness of 250 lux results in an increase in the amplitude of total action potentials caused by rhythmic cold stimulation. The amplitudes of "cold" potentials grew synchronously with the growth of the potential of hyperpolarization under the influence of photostimulation. With the termination of light stimulation, the amplitude of "cold" potentials stabilized. It is assumed that this effect is due to an increase in the amplitude of potentials of action, which correspond to the total potential due to the hyperpolarization of the membranes of the cells that generate them. Such hyperpolarization is due to an increase in the active transport of H+ ions through the membrane of cells in the light phase of photosynthesis. It has been shown that during pulsed heat stimulation, the preliminary continuous background light stimulation results in a decrease in the amplitude of "heat" potentials, a reduction in their duration, and the appearance of a short latent hyperpolarization potential in their initial phase. It is established that these changes correlate with the growth of the potential of hyperpolarization caused by background light stimulation. Based on the analysis of the detected changes, it was deduced that an increase in the level of hyperpolarization increases the threshold of excitability of cell membranes generating these potentials. When the photostimulation was switched off, the level of hyperpolarization decreased, but the amplitudes of the "heat" potentials increased. At the same time, the duration of the potentials increased sharply, and the elements characteristic of the variable potentials appeared in them. This may indicate a significant increase in sensitivity to heat irritation with a decrease in the level of hyperpolarization.

MOND theory

A general account of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) theory is given. I start with the basic tenets of MOND, which posit departure from standard dynamics in the limit of low acceleration — below an acceleration constant a0 — where dynamics become scale invariant. I list some of the salient predictions of these tenets. The special role of a0 and its significance are then discussed. In particular, I stress its coincidence with cosmologically relevant accelerations, which may point to MOND having deep interplay with cosmology. The deep-MOND limit and the consequences of its scale invariance are considered in some detail. There are many ways to achieve scale invariance of the equations of motion — guaranteed if the total action has a well-defined scaling dimension. The mere realization that this is enough to ensure MOND phenomenology opens a wide scope for constructing MOND theories. General aspects of MOND theories are then described, after which I list briefly presently known theories, both nonrelativistic and relativistic. With few exceptions, the construction of known, full-fledged theories follows the same rough pattern: they modify the gravitational action; hinge on a0; introduce, already at the level of the action, an interpolating function between the low and high accelerations; and they obey MOND requirements in the two opposite limits. These theories have much heuristic value as proofs of various concepts (e.g., that covariant MOND theories can be written with correct gravitational lensing). But, probably, none points to the final MOND theory. At best, they are effective theories of limited applicability. I argue that we have so far explored only a small corner of the space of possible MOND theories. I then outline several other promising approaches to constructing MOND theories that strive to obtain MOND as an effective theory from deeper concepts, for example, by modifying inertia and (or) gravity as a result of interactions with some omnipresent agent. These have made encouraging progress in various degrees, but have not yet resulted in full-fledged theories that can be applied to all systems and situations. Some of the presently known theories do enjoy a natural appearance of a cosmological-constant-like contribution that, furthermore, exhibits the observed connection with a0. However, none were shown to address fully the mass discrepancies in cosmology and structure formation that are otherwise explained by cosmological dark matter. This may well be due to our present ignorance of the true connections between MOND and cosmology. We have no clues as to whether and how MOND aspects enter nongravitational phenomena, but I discuss briefly some possibilities.

Deterministic Oversubscription Planning as Heuristic Search: Abstractions and Reformulations

While in classical planning the objective is to achieve one of the equally attractive goal states at as low total action cost as possible, the objective in deterministic oversubscription planning (OSP) is to achieve an as valuable as possible subset of goals within a fixed allowance of the total action cost. Although numerous applications in various fields share the latter objective, no substantial algorithmic advances have been made in deterministic OSP. Tracing the key sources of progress in classical planning, we identify a severe lack of effective domain-independent approximations for OSP. With our focus here on optimal planning, our goal is to bridge this gap. Two classes of approximation techniques have been found especially useful in the context of optimal classical planning: those based on state-space abstractions and those based on logical landmarks for goal reachability. The question we study here is whether some similar-in-spirit, yet possibly mathematically different, approximation techniques can be developed for OSP. In the context of abstractions, we define the notion of additive abstractions for OSP, study the complexity of deriving effective abstractions from a rich space of hypotheses, and reveal some substantial, empirically relevant islands of tractability. In the context of landmarks, we show how standard goal-reachability landmarks of certain classical planning tasks can be compiled into the OSP task of interest, resulting in an equivalent OSP task with a lower cost allowance, and thus with a smaller search space. Our empirical evaluation confirms the effectiveness of the proposed techniques, and opens a wide gate for further developments in oversubscription planning.