MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA SISWA MATAPELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL TIME TOKEN DI KELAS X SMA NEGERI 5 MEDAN

This research is a Classroom Action Research which aims to improve students' speaking skills by using the Time Token model. The subjects in this study were students of class X SMA Negeri 5 Medan who collected 35 students. The tool used in data collection is observations made during the learning process in order to get the speaking skills of the main students of anecdotal language texts. This study consisted of 2 cycles, namely cycles I and II. Each cycle consists of 4 stages, namely the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Based on the research, it was shown that the initial observations obtained the following average values: In the first cycle of meeting 1 there were 9 people (26%) who were skilled at speaking, 26 people (74%) were less skilled at speaking. conducted on the teacher showed 65 and observations of the activities obtained 56.87. In cycle 1 meeting 2 there were 18 students (51%) who were declared skilled at speaking, 17 people (49%) were less skilled at speaking. conducted on the teacher showed a value of 67.5 and observations of activities obtained from the value of 65.50. In the second cycle of meeting 1 there were 29 students (83%) who were skilled at speaking, 6 people (17%) were less skilled at speaking. which was carried out on teacher activities showed a value of 75 and student activities showed a value of 73.87. In the second cycle of meeting 2 there were 33 students (100%) who were declared skilled in speaking. And the results of observations of teacher activities show a value of 85, and student activities show a value of 85.75. Based on the results of this study, it can be said that using the Time Token learning model can improve students' speaking skills in Indonesian subjects on the subject matter of anecdotal texts in class X SMA Negeri 5 Medan. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang bertujuan meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa dengan menggunakan model Time Token. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 5 Medan yang berjumlah 35 orang siswa. Alat yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah observasi yang dilakukan pada saat pembelajaran berlangsung guna mendapatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa pokok bahasan teks anekdot. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 siklus, yaitu siklus I dan II. Setiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada observasi awal diperolah nilai rata-rata sebagai berikut : Pada siklus I pertemuan 1 terdapat 9 orang siswa (26%) yang dinyatakan terampil berbicara, 26 orang siswa (74%) yang kurang terampil berbicara. Pengamatan yang dilakukan terhadap guru menunjukkan nilai 65 dan pengamatan terhadap aktivitas siswa diperoleh nilai 56,87. Pada siklus 1 pertemuan 2 terdapat 18 orang siswa (51%) yang dinyatakan terampil berbicara, 17 orang siswa (49%) yang kurang terampil berbicara. Pengamatan yang dilakukan terhadap guru menunjukkan nilai 67,5 dan pengamatan terhadapak aktivitas siswa diperoleh nilai 65,50. Pada siklus II pertemuan 1 terdapat 29 orang siswa (83%) yang dinyatakan terampil berbicara, 6 orang siswa (17%) yang kurang terampil berbicara. Pengamatan yang dilakukan terhadap aktivitas guru menunjukkan nilai 75 dan aktivitas siswa menunjukkan nilai 73,87. Pada siklus II pertemuan 2 terdapat 35 orang siswa (100%) yang dinyatakan terampil berbicara . Dan dari hasil pengamatan aktivitas guru menunjukkan nilai 85, dan aktivitas siswa menunjukkan nilai 85,75. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Time Token dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia pada materi pokok teks anekdot di kelas X SMA Negeri 5 Medan.

KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL TIME TOKEN BERBANTUAN FLASHCARD TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PPKn KELAS II

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil belajar dalam pembelajaran PPKn denganmenggunakan model time token berbantuan media flashcard dan model direct instruction berbantuanmedia gambar di kelas II SD Gugus Piere Tendean dan untuk menguji keefektifan model time tokenberbantuan media flashcard daripada model direct instruction berbantuan media gambar terhadap hasilbelajar PPKn materi keberagaman karakteristik individu di sekolah kelas II SD Gugus Piere TendeanKaliwungu Kendal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif jenis penelitian yang digunakanialah eksperimen dan desain nonequivalent control group design. Teknik sampel yang digunakan adalahcluster random sampling, dengan sampel sebanyak 51 siswa. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes,observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa nilai thitung = 3,132, dan ttabel =2,010, karena thitung ˃ ttabel (3,132 ˃ 2,010) yang berarti model time token berbantuan media flashcardefektif digunakan pada pembelajaran PPKn kelas II SD. Hasil uji n-gain kelas eksperimen lebih tinggiyaitu nilai n-gain kelas kontrol adalah 0,293970401 tergolong kriteria rendah dan nilai n-gain kelaseksperimen adalah 0,39691064 tergolong kriteria sedang. Simpulan penelitian ini yaitu modelpembelajaran time token berbantuan media flashcard efektif digunakan pada pembelajaran PPKn siswakelas II SD Gugus Piere Tendean Kaliwungu Kendal. This study aims to describe the learning outcomes in learning civic education by using a time tokenmodel assisted by flashcard media and direct instruction model assisted by image media in 2nd gradeSD Piere Tendean Cluster and to test the effectiveness of the time token model assisted by aflashcard media a picture of the learning outcomes of the civic education material on the diversity ofindividual characteristics in 2nd grade Primary Schools in the Piere Tendean Kaliwungu Kendalcluster. This research uses quantitative methods, the type of research used is experimental andnonequivalent control group design. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling,with a sample of 51 students. Data collection uses tests, observations and documentation.Hypothesis test results show that the value of t-count = 3.132, and t-table = 2.010, because t-count ˃t-table (3.132 ˃ 2.010), which means that the time token model assisted by flashcard media iseffectively used in learning the civic education 2nd grade SD. The n-gain test results of theexperimental class were higher namely, the value of the n-gain of the control class was 0.293970401,classified as a low criterion and the n-gain value of the experimental class was 0.39691064, classifiedas a medium criterion. This research concludes that the time token learning model assisted byflashcard media is effectively used in learning civic education for 2nd-grade students of the PrimarySchool in the Kaliwungu Kendal Group.

Effect of Time Token Model Containing Science Literacy on Students’ Learning Competencies at Senior High School in Batusangkar

Research on the problems that exist in Batusangkar 1 Senior High School, student learning competencies are still low. The efforts that can be done are to implement a time learning model that contains scientific literacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the time token model with scientific literacy on the learning competency of students' in Batusangkar 1 Senior High School. This type of research was experimental research with a randomized control group posttest only design. The population in this study were all class X MIPA Batusangkar 1 senior high school registered in the 2018/2019. Sampling was done using Purposive Sampling techniques. X MIPA 2 as the experimental class and X MIPA 1 as the control class. The instruments used were in the form of posttest questions for knowledge competencies, observation sheets for attitude and skills competencies. Based on the results of the study using the t-test it can be concluded that the knowledge competencies of students t count 3.41> t table 1.67, the attitudes competency t count 5.95> t table 1.67, and the skills competency tcount 2.34 > t table 1.67. it shows that the hypothesis was accepted. So, the application of the time token model with scientific literacy can improve the competency of knowledge, attitudes, and skills of class X students of senior high school 1 Batusangkar

Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara Siswa Menggunakan Model Time Token Pembelajaran IPA Kelas V Sekolah Dasar

This study aims to improve students' speaking skills in science learning through time token models in fifth grade students of SDN 43 / IV Jambi City. This research is a classroom action research (CAR) consisting of two cycles, where the data taken is in the form of observation data through observation sheets of students' speaking skills and observation sheets of teacher activities. This research was conducted in 4 stages: planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. During the teaching and learning process learning activities apply the time token learning model. The results of this study indicate the application of the time token model can improve students' speaking skills in natural science subjects. Based on the observation sheet the students' speaking skills showed an increase, with the results of the percentage of students speaking skills by 45% with a fairly good category in the first cycle and 68% with a good category in the second cycle. Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the speaking skills of science learning students in fifth grade students of SDN 43 / IV Jambi City can be improved after applying the time token model.

Fleeting Perceptual Experience and the Possibility of Recalling Without Seeing

We explore an intensely debated problem in neuroscience, psychology and philosophy: the degree to which the “phenomenological consciousness” of the experience of a stimulus is separable from the “access consciousness” of its reportability. Specifically, it has been proposed that these two measures are dissociated from one another in one, or both directions. However, even if it was agreed that reportability and experience were doubly dissociated, the limits of dissociation logic mean we would not be able to conclusively separate the cognitive processes underlying the two. We take advantage of computational modelling and recent advances in state-trace analysis to assess this dissociation in an attentional/experiential blink paradigm. These advances in state-trace analysis make use of Bayesian statistics to quantify the evidence for and against a dissociation. Further evidence is obtained by linking our finding to a prominent model of the attentional blink – the Simultaneous Type/Serial Token model. Our results show evidence for a dissociation between experience and reportability, whereby participants appear able to encode stimuli into working memory with little, if any, conscious experience of them. This raises the possibility of a phenomenon that might be called sight-blind recall, which we discuss in the context of the current experience/reportability debate.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar PPKn melalui Model Time Token pada Peserta Didik Kelas V SD GMIT Ende 4

This research was motivated by the reality in 5th grade of SD Ende 4 GMIT which includes: 1) the low learning outcomes of PPKn caused by learning processes was not interesting, studentwere not active, and unseriousness students in learning; 2) learning methods that tend to be teacher-centered so that students are less active in learning. The purpose of this study is to: 1) describe the application of the Time Token Learning Model in the learning implementation plan and the mechanism of its implementation in learning the PPKn at 5th grade of SD GMIT Ende 4; 2) describe the learning outcomes of students in learning PPKn in 5th grade of SD Ende 4 GMIT after applying the Time Token Learning Model. This method of research is a classroom action research study consisting of 2 cycles, where each cycle applies Action Research Design by Kurt Lewin which includes the stages of planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The method of data collection methods are tests, observations, interviews and document studies. The results of this research is Time Token Model can improve the learning outcomes of PPKn on 5th grade students of SD GMIT Ende 4. This is evidenced by the average value of learning outcomes and the percentage of students completeness classical after the Time Token Model is applied. At the time of the pretest, the average value of PPKn learning outcomes was 53.57, with a classical completeness percentage is 21.43%. This result has increased in first cycle with average value is 69.64 and the percentage of classical completeness is 35.71%. In second cycle, learning outcomes average value has increased to 99, 28, with percentage of classical completeness is 100%.

Multiplicity, Audibility, and Musical Continuity

ABSTRACTMusical works are both multiple — they have a plurality of instances — and audible — they can be heard by listening to their instances. Two prominent approaches to musical ontology designed to explain these features of musical works are the type-token model and the continuant-stage model. Julian Dodd has argued that the type-token model has an advantage over the continuant-stage model because it can offer a direct explanation of the audibility of musical works in terms of their ontological category. In this paper, I defend the continuant-stage model against Dodd's argument by invoking a work-unifying continuity relation.

Peningkatan Keaktifan Berbicara Siswa Menggunakan Model Time Token

This research aims to improve the talking activity in Topic 2: Playing Around in My Environment of class IIC in SD Negeri Jarakan through the use of Time Token model. The data collecting methods were observation and documentation. The data analytic techniques were quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive. The research’s result shows that there is an improvement in class IIC’s talking activity using Time Token model. It is proven by the percentage of the students who surpassed the minimum passing criteria during learning activity which was 13,04% in pre cycle increased to 19,66% in cycle 1 and increased again to 60,86% in cycle 2. The result is supported by the observation’s result that recorded the teacher and students’ activity in using Time Token model, which was 85,29% in cycle 1 increased to 88,23% in cycle 2. The four aspects of talking activity are stating feelings, giving suggestions, asking, transferring ideas, and discussion.