Comparative Study of Coronary Artery Proximal to Myocardial Bridge Segment

Introduction: The muscular segments which overlie the epicardial arteries are termed as myocardial bridges and the artery which travels through them are termed as tunnel arteries. These tunnel arteries get compressed during the systolic compression of the heart, thus partially or completely blocking the blood supply to the corresponding areas. Aim & Objectives: To assess the impact of these myocardial bridges on the proximal segment of the myocardial arteries. Methodology: The present study was cadaveric-based cross-sectional study. A total of 22 hearts which showed the presence of myocardial bridges were collected from two sources namely: cadaver dissections, autopsy. The hearts were clean and numbered. This was followed by fixation, dehydration, clearing, embedding, block formation, section cutting and staining. Result: The present study showed that there is a significant thickening in the tunica intima of the proximal to bridge segment of the coronary artery. The present study also noted that there is a marked thinning of the tunica media of the same segment. Conclusion: The present study concludes that there is a marked hyperplasia in the proximal segment of the myocardial bridges under tunica intima.

New Data on Stratigraphy and Distributions of Glendonites from the Carolinefjellet Formation (Middle Aptian–Lower Albian, Cretaceous), Western Spitsbergen

The Aptian deposits on Spitsbergen Island are poorly studied. Moreover, there were no published data on fossil distribution in the Aptian and Albian in the vicinity of the town of Longyearbyen. This article provides new data on ammonite-based biostratigraphy of the Carolinefjellet Formation, indicating the presence of Beds with Tropaeum arcticum (middle Aptian) and Beds with Grantziceras (lower Albian). The age of the formation was verified and the presence of lower Albian strata was justified. The results of microscopic and isotope studies of five samples of glendonites collected from the middle Aptian of the Carolinefjellet Formation section are presented. Glendonites from the Carolinefjellet Formation are composed of three calcite phases: ikaite-derived calcite and two successive types of cement, which fill cavities and develop partially after the first-phase calcite. The O and C isotope compositions of glendonites were measured in five bulk samples from the middle Aptian interval of the section. The δ18O isotope composition of glendonites is significantly different from that of seawater, indicating the input of diagenetic fluids; the δ13C values are characteristic of sedimentary organic matter and methanotrophy. For the first time, findings of ammonites allowed us to clarify the stratigraphic intervals of glendonite occurrence and associated cold-climate episodes and prove the early Albian age of glendonites from the top of the Carolinefjellet Formation.

DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM OF MEASURES OF DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION AT THE ENTERPRISE

The article deals with the existing problematic issues of anti-corruption measures, as there is a widespread practice of ignoring the laws, which in turn leads to the possibility of avoiding liability and the actual absence of real responsibility for corruption. Effective fight against corruption in Ukraine requires proper legislative support, formation of an effective system of state bodies, ensuring proper formation. Section 10 of the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption” sets out the general principles for the prevention of corruption in the activities of legal entities. The general requirements for all, without exception, legal entities are to conduct regular assessment of corruption risks in their activities, as well as to develop and take necessary and reasonable measures to prevent and counteract corruption. However, the legislator does not establish specific forms and methods of implementation of these requirements of the Law, giving legal persons the freedom to choose the most optimal tools for them. In view of the above, corruption usually has a selfish purpose and a desire to obtain illicit remuneration to satisfy its own interest. Therefore, it can be defined that corruption is an act committed by an official or an official, through abuse of office and / or authority for the benefit of the individual at his (or other person's) request, which seeks to reward and satisfy the self-interest of the individual, who commits the act. Anti-corruption activities are carried out within different legal relationships. This fact necessitates the development of various means of preventing corruption, which will help to block this phenomenon in any public relations. Therefore, the paper identifies the main measures to prevent corruption in enterprises.

Technological bases of extraction and processing of fuel and energy resources

The textbook covers the whole range of basic issues related to Geology, production and processing of natural gas, oil and coal. Section I describes: the history of gas, oil and coal production; the current state and features of the development of the fuel and energy sector; challenges facing the oil and gas industry. Section II is devoted to the search and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits, hypotheses of their origin, features of occurrence and formation. Section III describes the technology of drilling, production, preparation and transportation of oil and gas, ways to increase oil and gas recovery collectors. Section IV deals with technology and mechanization of coal mining. Section V deals with oil, gas and coal refining. Test questions for independent work of students and answers to them are presented in all sections of the textbook. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. For students and teachers of universities, graduate students, as well as specialists of fuel and energy profile.

Mechanical Characteristics and Energy Evolution Laws for Red Bed Rock of Badong Formation under Different Stress Paths

Exploring mechanical properties of red bed rock of Badong Formation Section two (b2) from the Three Gorges Reservoir is crucial to determine the instability mode of reservoir slopes. In order to reveal the energy evolution laws for b2 rocks under different stress paths, loading tests, unloading tests, and cyclic loading-unloading tests were conducted, respectively. The results show that stress paths have significant influences on the mechanical properties and energy evolution characteristics of b2 rocks and the failure mechanism under three stress paths is revealed. Relative to the loading tests, the mechanical parameters of b2 rocks are deteriorated under the unloading conditions. In addition, the increasing trend of cumulative dissipation energy (CDE) is similar with that of total absorption energy (TAE) and the ESE-strain curves are characterized by multistep rise. For cyclic loading-unloading tests, the areas of hysteretic loop gradually increase as the cycle times increase, and the TAEs and the coefficient of the cumulative dissipation energy (CCDE) also increase gradually with approximately linear characteristics, while the CDEs gradually increase in an abrupt rate. This work can contribute to provide the failure mechanism of b2 rocks for evaluating the stability of reservoir slopes from the energy perspective.

Isotopic-geochemical peculiarities of distribution of gas hydrocarbons in the Bazhenov formation section (South part of the Western Siberia)

In this work we describe the distribution of stable carbon isotopes in hydrocarbon gases from four wells located in the southern and central parts of the Western Siberia. The main goal was to understand the influence of the lithological composition and geological settings on isotopic composition of gases and their formation. Two genetically different groups of hydrocarbon gases were identified based on the author’s research, as well as analysis of archival and literature materials on the isotope composition of hydrocarbons. We estimated the close relationship between the main factors of the migration, degree of metamorphism of organic matter and the isotope composition of hydrocarbon gases produced by the Bazhenov formation.

The Upper Jurassic Blokelv-1 cored borehole in Jameson Land, East Greenland – an introduction

The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) successfully drilled the fully cored Blokelv-1 borehole in the central part of the Jameson Land Basin in East Greenland, targeting the Upper Jurassic, rich source-rock interval of the Hareelv Formation. The borehole achieved 100% core recovery from 1.72 m to a total depth of 233.8 m; the recovered Hareelv Formation section consists of interlayered black, laminated organic-rich mudstones, massive sandstones and heterolithic sandstone–mudstone intervals of the Katedralen Member, and amalgamated massive sandstones of the Sjællandselv Member. The core is of very high quality and has been subjected to an extensive sampling and analytical programme focused particularly on petroleum geological aspects, as presented in the following eight papers in this volume. This bulletin describes an important, previously poorly documented member of the ‘Kimmeridge Clay’ family of prolific petroleum source rocks in the North Atlantic area.

Reviews on Modeling of Diffusion-Induced Mass Transportation in Functionally Graded Cemented Carbides

Graded sintering is the fundamental process of fabricating functionally gradient cemented carbide (FGCC). The diffusion-induced mass transport in cemented carbide can result in the formation of gradient microstructure and thusly lead to gradual changes in micro property. So far, several types of FGCC have been developed, and the factors that can influence the gradient formation are complex. Section 2 introduces the process of forming diffusion-controlled near-surface layer in WC-Ti (C,N)-Co hardmetal as well as the kinetic modeling work that reveals the key factors for the layer formation. Section 3 reviews the dual properties carbide produced under carburization atmosphere, for which the carbon content is a main factor of the gradient thickness. There are two models describing this process, representing different mass-transport mechanism of the so-called liquid phase migration (LPM) process. In section 4, previous and new results of modeling LPM in different dimensions and scales are presented, and the diffusion-controlled nature of LPM are discussed.