Place of Geography in School Level Curriculum

This paper examines the place of geography in the school- level curriculum in Nepal. The rearm curriculum defines as the totality of student experiences that occur in the educational process. Specifically, it is referred to a planned sequence of instruction, or a view of the student'; experiences in terms of the educator; or school's; instructional goals. After the establishment of Durbar High School in Nepal in 1910 and the School Leaving Certificate Board in 1990, the subject of Geography was formally introduced. This subject had recognized as a compulsory subject at the school level curriculum before the NESP. After the NESP (1971), the issue had allocated 50 marks, becoming has becomes an optional subject since 1982. Geographic concepts have been taught after the introduction of the social studies curriculum at the secondary level since 1992.At present, geography is teaching in Nepal as an elective subject from secondary level to higher education. However, this subject seems less of a priority for students than mathematics, computer, and account. For this purpose, data collected from the review of the report published from the Education Commissions, Curriculum Development Center, the records of the National Examination Board, e-resources, and other concerned bodies. This paper concludes that geography subject at the school level is in a crisis. However, with the inclusion of geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial planning in the curriculum from the school level, the future of this subject looks bright.

Requiem for junior high school. Case study - lower secondary school exam 2012

The article has critically assessed the information sent to the public, including teachers, on the results of external examinations contained in the Central Examination Board (CEB) reports. Basing on the analysis of two sources of information decoded from the CEB reports and the analysis of the database containing the results of examinations, 93% of lower secondary school students, it has been showed that about half of the population "failed" the lower secondary school exam in science and mathematics. Therefore they should not continue their high school education. The analysis of data decoded from the CEB report is in line with the results obtained from 93% of students. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct similar analyzes of contemporary CEB reports on students achievement after the new primary school which is operating in the new education system after liquidation of junior high schools.

Beliefs of Students, Parents and Teachers on Use of Unauthorized Study Materials and Success in Secondary Mathematics Education in Nepal

Most of the Nepali students have been widely found using different unauthorized book and study materials for achieving good results in their exams in secondary levels as well as higher levels of education. Theseunauthorized books and study materials have been found usefulas they are mostly exam oriented and have the detailed worked out questions and answers from the past years asked by the examination board of Nepal.A study was conducted to examine the usefulness of such materials in mathematics of secondary level education. It was also aimed to assess the beliefs of students, parents and teachers on the use of unauthorized study materials and achieve success in the secondary mathematics education in Nepal. By using semi-structured questionnaire with students and key informant interviews with selected parents/guardians and mathematics teachers, the researcher has explored the achievements of students and beliefs and attitudes of students along with perspectives of their parents and math teachers.

Teacher’s In-Service Professional Development Needs Assessment–The Pakistani Context

This paper explains the study of conducting a survey to assess the professional development needs of the teachers in schools affiliated with Aga Khan University – Examination Board (AKU-EB) with the aim of strategizing and designing teacher development programmes. An online survey was carried out with questions regarding the demographic information, teachers’ current practices and their professional training needs. There were 306 teachers who participated in this survey from affiliated schools from the provinces of Sindh, Punjab, Gilgit Baltistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The results show that teachers expressed a preference in using lecturing as the main teaching method and familiarity with relevant IT skills to perform their tasks to a large extent. They indicated a greater need for content-based support, different classroom teaching methods, understanding the syllabus for lesson planning, and developing classroom assessments. Particularly, they emphasized a strong need for using technological resources to improve teaching and student learning. However, they were less interested in developing students’ critical thinking and in teaching students how to learn.

On the structure of the graduation thesis “On the physical development of school students of the town of Tartu” defended at the Department (former Chair) of Zoology at the University of Tartu (former Tartu State University) in 1958

Throughout times, along with simpler papers (essays, reports, subject and research papers), students of different specialities at the University of Tartu have also done more serious research in many areas, including anthropology, under the supervision of lecturers. More than a quarter of century ago, before 1991, the students of the Soviet-time Tartu State University wrote, in addition to exercises in research, term papers, graduation theses and prize essays of Students Scientific Society (founded in 1948). The article will deal with 10 graduation theses compiled at the Chair of Zoology of Tartu State University from 1958–1970. These papers addressed Estonian school students’ physical development based on anthropological material collected from 1956–1967. In those years, the graduation thesis was a student’s independent research paper which was defended in front of a state examination board to complete the studies at the university. Particular attention is paid to the first of these graduation theses – the graduation thesis defended by 5th-year student Viivi Schüts in 1958, “On the physical development of school students of the town of Tartu” (in Estonian, on 94 pages in typescript, hard-cover). The article includes the structure of this research paper.

Zasoby kapitału ludzkiego w Polsce północnej

For the purposes of this study it was assumed that human capital is: knowledge, skills, competences and other features embodied in man, which are associated with his economic activity. The main purpose of this study was to identify the state and changes in human capital resources in northern Poland and to present their spatial diversity using hierarchical agglomeration techniques. The research concerned northern Poland, understood for the purposes of this study as two voivodships, i.e. the Pomorskie and the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeships, each divided into poviats. The source material came from the published and unpublished statistical materials of the Central Statistical Office. In turn, the resources of the Central Examination Board and the Regional Examination Boards in Gdańsk and Poznań were used to develop school educational results. The time range of the study was the years 1999–2018. The research clearly shows that the role of human capital resources in northern Poland is increasing. On the one hand this is the result of the growing number of people with the highest levels of education, and on the other the growing social awareness that increases in quality and living conditions largely depends on self-investment. The change in life attitudes of young people, who are increasingly gambling on achieving higher education, has been confirmed by the growing number of students and changes in education. In addition, the introduction to the higher education sector of non-public universities and the education of academic functions in sub-regional centers has increased the spatial accessibility to education, primarily for the residents of peripheral regions. However, the distribution of human capital resources in the studied area is characterized by relatively strong polarization with a distinct distance between the Tri-City and Szczecin agglomerations, which was confirmed by the classification of poviats using agglomeration techniques. The disparities in the level of education in northern Poland are to a large extent the heritage of the socialized sector in agriculture. Post-farming areas form depopulation areas with unfavorable socio-economic conditions, where parents attach less importance to the education of their children. However, the positive effect of the ongoing changes is the involvement of human capital with a high level of education in research and development activities. Research shows that regions with a higher level of education and socio-economic development are characterized by greater wealth expressed in terms of GDP per capita.

Endocrinology

Endocrinology is a topic that is tightly aligned with neurological disease, infectious diseases, nephrology, and postoperative management; in fact, the endocrine system is a chemical version of the neurological system. In many respects, it is entangled with all of critical care and is a substantial topic even on the core anesthesiology examination. In the same vein, endocrinopathies of various types are an ideal method through which an examination board can generate material. When once considers the scope and breadth of endocrinopathies, this system generally effects every critically ill patient while also serving as an indicator for disease in other systems. These concepts are empowering when mastered and add tremendous clinical dexterity to the clinician when applied in the intensive care unit.

ASSESSMENT OF MODEL FIT FOR 2016 AND 2017 BIOLOGY MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST ITEMS OF THE NATIONAL BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL EXAMINATION BOARD

This study was based on the assessment of model fit for 2016 and 2017 Biology multiple choice test items of the National Business and Technical Examination Board. It aimed at empirically investigating the model fit of the 1, 2, and 3 Parameter Logistic Models (PLM) of the examinations using Item Response Theory. Three research questions were raised with two hypotheses formulated and tested. The expo-facto research design was adopted for this study. The population for the study was 5,115 and 4600 candidates in public and private schools in south-south geo-political zone in Nigeria for 2016 and 2017 respectively. A total of 2000 students were sampled using Simple random sampling technique. The instruments for data collection was the NABTEB 2016 and 2017 Biology multiple choice question papers. The instruments are said to be valid and reliable as they were developed by a standard examination body. The responses from the instruments were used for data analysis. The results obtained from the study revealed that the 1, 2 and 3 PLM fit the 2017 and 2016 NABTEB May/June Biology multiple choice test items. However, the 1PLM provided a better fit to the data than other models. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that the examining bodies should make sure that model fit the data well before they are used to make inferences regarding the data.

Prospects for unmanned aerial vehicles market development in Poland

Currently, the law on the use of unmanned aircraft is passed individually in each EU member state. The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) intends to create uniform community rules, that will regulate UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) flights in each EU country. The main assumptions of the strategics proposed in the draft document prepared by EASA "Introduction of regulatory framework for the use of drones" is the division of flights into categories: open, special and certified, as well as the implementation of the U-Space concept, a platform for the management of unmanned aerial traffic. The article presents provisions regarding the use of unmanned aircraft in Polish airspace in accordance with current standards and regulations. The conditions for obtaining operator qualification certificates (UAVO) are also described, as well as the permissions for the operators, both basic and additional, and the process of obtaining them. These permissions are issued in the form of a qualification certificate after completing the theoretical and practical training and passing the state examination in presence of the examination board in the scope required for obtaining these qualifications. In addition, the authors presented the conditions for performing UAV flights in the airspace structures of FIR Warsaw. The article presents the prospects for unmanned aerial vehicle market development by identifying new legal challenges proposed by EASA, and the outlines of both the draft of the new Regulation as well as the government programme called "Zwirko and Wigura", an initiative resulting from state actions for the development of new technologies, in particular the integrated management systems.