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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Rylance ◽  
Yaroslav Korovaychuk

Abstract For as long as we have been performing hydraulic fracturing, we have been trying to ensure that we stay out of undesirable horizons, potentially containing water and/or gas. The holy grail of hydraulic fracturing, an absolute control of created fracture height, has eluded the industry for more than 70 years. Of course, there have been many that have claimed solutions, but all the marketed approaches have at best merely created a delay to the inevitable growth and at worst been a snake-oil approach with little actual merit. Fundamentally, the applied techniques have attempted to delay or influence the underlying equations of net-pressure and stress variation; but having to ultimately honour them and by doing so then condemned themselves to limited success or outright failure. Fast forward to 2020, and a reassessment of the relative importance of height-growth constraint and what may have changed to help us achieve this. The development of unconventionals are focused on creating as much surface area as possible in micro/nano-Darcy environments, across almost any phase, but with typically poor line of sight to profit. However, the more valuable business of conventional oil and gas is working in thinner and thinner reservoirs with an often-deteriorating permeability, but with a significantly higher potential economic return. What unconventional has successfully delivered however, is a rapid deployment and acceleration in a range of completion technologies that were unavailable just a few years ago. We will demonstrate that these technologies potentially offer the capability of finally being able to control fracture height-growth. Consideration of a range of previously applied height-growth approaches will demonstrate how they attempted to fool or fudge height growth creation mechanisms. With this clarity, we can consider what advances in completion technology may offer in terms of delivering height growth control. We suggest that with the technology and approaches that are currently available today, that height-growth control is finally within reach. We will go on to describe a multi-well Pilot program, in deployment and execution in 2020/021 in Western Siberia; where billions of barrels remain to be recovered in thin oil-rim, low permeability sandstone reservoirs below gas or above water. A comprehensive assessment of the myriad of height-growth approaches that have been utilized over the last 70 years was performed, but in each case demonstrated the fallibility and limitations of each of these. However, rather than the interpretation that such control is not achievable, instead we will show a mathematically sound approach, along with field data and evidence that this is possible. The presentation will demonstrate that completion advances over the last 10 - 15 years make this approach a reality in the present day; and that broader field implementation is finally within reach.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Serena Magna Detto Calcaterra ◽  
Pierluigi Sedda ◽  
Giacomo Fulceri ◽  
Salvatore Luppina ◽  
Luca Mauri ◽  
...  

Abstract Primary production mechanism of a clean sandstone reservoir in a brownfield for oil production has been recently changed from natural depletion to waterflooding. Despite the apparently moderate petro-physical properties of the formation, injector wells performances were observed to be extremely poor, mainly due to: high drilling-induced formation damage and Fluids interaction within the reservoir (injection across the oil rim section). Several stimulation technologies have been applied to improve wells injection capability for pressure support optimization. Re-perforation via abrasive jetting, perforations wash through coiled tubing and various acid formulations via bullheading were attempted without achieving any significant increase in injectivity. Considering the modest rock permeability, the need to access a wider formation area to improve oil sweep efficiency and the crucial requirement to re-pressurize the reservoir, an additional card was played as last resort: hydraulic fracturing. This technique was not new to the area and already experimented by different operators. Several producer wells in different layers were hydraulic fracturing stimulated with proppant and/or acid in the past with a good rate of success. Why not to try then? Given the past experience on the same field with hydraulic fracturing in oil producers and accounting for well integrity and potential injectivity, one was chosen as suitable candidate. Offset wells hystorical data were used to build a hydraulic fracturing reservoir model and plan for the activity in details; operator and service providers engaged in a Frac Well On Paper activity in order to reduce any margin of error during field operations. An approach that proved successful. From there, the first trial well was planned and performed successfully. 4 other hydraulic fracturing jobs on 4 wells followed at close distance in time with different, but steadily comforting, results. Injection was improved from negligible initial values up to 2000 mc/day for the post-stimulation condition, exceeding the preliminary expectations. This paper introduces the steps taken to start the hydraulic fracturing campaign, the decision process that led to the design of the treatment, an overview of the execution phases, results well by well and lessons learned to optimize future campaigns.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zakwan Mohd Sahak ◽  
Eugene Castillano ◽  
Tengku Amansyah Tuan Mat ◽  
Maung Maung Myo Thant

Abstract For mature fields, water injection is one of the widely deployed techniques to ensure continuous oil recovery from the reservoir by maintaining the reservoir pressure, oil rim and pushing the oil from injection to production wells. Thus, it is critical to ensure a continuous and reliable operation of water injection to have consistent and sustainable rate. This paper demonstrates the new approach, utilizing automation and digital technology providing operational improvement and reduction in unplanned production deferment (UPD). One of the methods to effectively manage the water injection operation is via automation of injection process, especially since most of the water injection facilities still rely heavily on manual operation. First, a discussion on typical water injection technique is discussed. Challenges and sub-optimal operation of water injection processes within the company and industry are analysed. Then, the designing of a fully automated water injection system, such as equipment availability and constraints in matching and responding to well injection requirement are demonstrated. While an immediate adoption of process automation to mature assets may be faced with challenges such as system readiness, hardware availability, capital investment and mindset change, a step-by-step approach such as guided operation and semi-auto operation is explored as preparation prior to a full automation roll-out. With the shift from manual operation reliance to automation, the response time to process changes is improved leading to reduction in near-miss and trip cases, and minimum unplanned deferment.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bondan Bernadi ◽  
Ihab Nabil Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Al Bairaq ◽  
Mariam Ahmed Al Hosani ◽  
Azer Abdullayev ◽  
...  

Abstract A comprehensive study of a giant onshore Abu Dhabi gas field using a next-generation commercial numerical simulator has been conducted. The objective was to identify the distribution and track the movement of the gas condensate in the reservoir, and to develop strategies to minimize the condensate drop-out and improve condensate recovery from the field. The field contains a large gas cap and an oil rim. We have identified the distribution of the gas condensate throughout the reservoir and were able to track its movement using the advanced fluid tracking option in the simulator. Once the gas condensate drop-out regions in the reservoir are identified, sensitivity runs with localized changes are carried out to improve the recovery from the reservoir. The strategies to mitigate drop-out include adding infill wells, drilling multi-lateral wells, reinjecting CO2 and dry gas into the reservoir, and hydraulic fracturing near the well bore. We were able to track the distribution of the condensate throughout the reservoir and identified key condensate drop-out regions. Adding infill wells improved the recovery of the condensate. Implementing multi-lateral wells also showed improved condensate recovery in the field. Hydraulic fracturing near the wellbore reduced condensate banking near the wellbore. Injecting dry gas improved the condensate recovery by a re-vaporization process where the liquid condensate is absorbed by dry gas. This paper discusses a comprehensive study on tracking the condensate distribution in a giant onshore field using a commercial simulator. The authors have performed a thorough investigation to identify an optimal condensate recovery strategy for the field, by comparing various recovery strategies using the full field reservoir simulation model.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdy Farouk Fathalla ◽  
Mariam Ahmed Al Hosani ◽  
Ihab Nabil Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Al Bairaq ◽  
Aditya Ojha ◽  
...  

Abstract This paper examines risk and rewards of co-development of giant reservoir has gas cap concurrently produce with oil rim. The study focus mainly on the subsurface aspects of developing the oil rim with gas cap and impact recoveries on both the oil rim and gas cap. The primary objective of the project was to propose options to develop oil rims and gas cap reservoir aiming to maximize the recovery while ensuring that the gas and condensate production to the network are not jeopardized and the existing facility constraints are accounted. Below are the specific project objectives for each of the reservoirs: To evaluate the heterogeneities of the reservoir using available surveillance information data.To evaluate the reservoir physics and define the depleted oil rims current Gas oil contact and Water Oil Contact using the available surveillance information and plan mitigate reservoir management plan.To propose strategies in co-development plan with increase in oil rim recovery without impact on gas cap recovery.To propose the optimum Artificial methods to extended wells life by minimize the drawn down and reduce bottom head pressure.To propose methods to reduce the well head pressure to reduce back pressure on the wells. The methodology adopted in this study is based on the existing full field compositional reservoir simulation model for proposing different strategical co-development scenario: Auto gas lift Pilot implementation phase.Reactivate using Auto gas lift all the in-active wells.Propose the optimum wells drilling and completion design, like MRC, ERD and using ICV to control water and gas breakthrough.Proposing different field oil production plateauPropose different water injection scheme The study preliminary findings that extended reach drilling (ERD) wells were proposed, The ability to control gas and water breakthrough along the production section will be handled very well by deploying the advanced flow control valves, reactivation of existing Oil rim wells with Artificial lift increases Oil Rim recovery factor, and optimize offtake of gas cap and oil rim is crucial for increase the recovery factories of oil Rim and gas cap.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Lutoev ◽  
Dmitry Kuznetsov ◽  
Igor Nikishin ◽  
Evgeny Efimov ◽  
Radik Minakhmetov ◽  
...  

Abstract This paper presents a novel technology for identifying the inflow profile during the oil rim development using chromate desorption systems that makes it possible to solve one of the critical tasks related to long horizontal and multi-bottom-hole wells—optimizing the position of well relative to the contact boundaries to prevent early water breakthroughs and gas outs.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Igorevich Tonkonog ◽  
Yermek Talgatovich Kaipov ◽  
Dmitry Sergeevich Pruglo

Abstract Production monitoring is essential not only for fiscal applications, but also for production optimization and efficient reservoir management. So, production measurements must be both accurate and frequent enough, revealing a consistent trend of well operating parameters. This is especially important for reservoirs of complex geology, like oil rim reservoirs in poorly consolidated sandstone formations with presence of aquifer and gas cap drive. Production monitoring can be implemented with different technologies, accuracy of monitoring is however affected by different factors like gas content, viscosity and temperature of produced fluids. Paper presents pragmatic approach and analysis of applicability of different measurement technologies: compact two-phase separator and two different multiphase metering technologies applied at oil wells of Tazovskoye field operated by LLC "Meretoyakhaneftegaz", which production conditions are very challenging due to high gas volume fraction of the produced fluid, high viscosities and low temperatures.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Dadakin ◽  
Marat Nukhaev ◽  
Konstantin Rymarenko ◽  
Sergey Grishenko ◽  
Galymzan Aitkaliev ◽  
...  

Abstract One of the critical tasks during the oil rim development is to control production wells to prevent water breakthroughs and gas outs. Key factors are control over drawdown and on-time choke restriction of the well in case of a gas out and an extreme gas factor increase.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem Igorevich Varavva ◽  
Renat Timergaleevich Apasov ◽  
Dmitry Alexeyevich Samolovov ◽  
Artem Viktorovich Elesin ◽  
Gaidar Timergaleevich Apasov ◽  
...  

Abstract The paper describes the experience of building a full-field integrated model (PK1 reservoir) of the Tazovskoye field, including a model of the reservoir, wells, and a gathering network, taking into account the external transportation system. In order to integrate the features of the field, such as the simultaneous development of a thin oil rim and a gas cap, high growth rates of the gas-oil ratio, oil wells - both ESP-operated and flowing, algorithms and tools have been developed, which are discussed in the paper. The results of the integrated model runs are given, main features of the solutions are highlighted.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timur Solovyev ◽  
Nikolay Mikhaylov

Abstract The complex interbedded heterogeneous reservoirs of the Severo-Komsomolskoye field are developed by horizontal wells in which, as part of the pilot project's scope, autonomous inflow control devices (AICD) are installed to prevent early coning and gas breakthroughs in long horizontal sections and reduce sand production, which is a problem aggravated by an extremely low mechanical strength of the terrigenous deposits occurring in the Pokur formation of the Cenomanian stage in this area. The zones produced through AICDs are separated by swell packers. The issue of AICD effectiveness is discussed in the publications by Solovyev (2019), Shestov (2015), Byakov (2019) and some others. One of the methods used for monitoring horizontal sections with AICDs is production logging (PLT). However, due to the complexity of logging objectives, the use of conventional logging techniques makes the PLT unfeasible, considering the costs of preparing and carrying out the downhole operations. This paper provides some case studies of the Through-Barrier Diagnostics application, including passive spectral acoustics (spectral acoustic logging) and thermohydrodynamic modelling for the purpose of effective estimation of reservoir flows behind the liner with AICDs installed and well integrity diagnostics. As a result of the performed diagnostics, the well completion strategy was updated and optimised according to the log interpretation results, and one well intervention involving a cement squeeze with a straddle-packer assembly was carried out.


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