A novel antibacterial and biocompatible wound cover made of gelatin / chitosan with silver nanoparticles of green synthesis.

Abstract A dressing material based on the combination of gelatine, chitosan and silver nanoparticles with a suitable proportion has been developed and can be successfully applied in biomedical fields. The new gelatin/chitosan membranes were prepared using the chitosan suspension mixed with gelatin and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), resulting in a biocompatible and antibacterial product. AgNPs were obtained by the reduction of silver nitrate with chitosan solution and added to chitosan/gelatin (GCs) blend solutions to obtain membranes by the casting method. Thus, membranes with three different AgNPs concentrations were produced: 30 mM, 20 mM and 10 mM AgNPs. To evaluate the characteristics of the membranes, physicochemical and morphological tests were carried out, such as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission (TEM), and in vitro cytotoxicity and bacterial assays. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by Visible Ultraviolet to Ultraviolet to Visible (UV-vis) and TEM, where the nanoparticles were observed by the formation of the peak spectrum at a wavelength at 560 nm. According to the TEM images, polymorphic nanoparticles with an average size of 30 nm were obtained. Furthermore, the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) indicated the presence of silver evenly distributed within the membranes. The results obtained by (FTIR) showed spectral peaks characteristic of the membrane materials, that is, typical spectra of gelatin, chitosan and silver. These results could be explained by addition of free −OH, −NH2 and −NHOCOCH3 groups of the amorphous chitosan in the blends and a network structure through electrostatic interactions between the ammonium ions (−NH3+) of the chitosan and the carboxylate ions (−COO−) of the gelatin. The concentrations of AgNPs 30 mM and 20 mM in the membranes attributed to them a high hydration rate and high water vapor permeability (WVP). Membranes with 30 mM AgNPs showed bacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, concentrations of 20 mM AgNPs and 10 mM AgNPs, bacteriostatic effect against Staphylococcus aureus and bacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the results of the in vitro assays, 10 mM AgNPs membranes were not cytotoxic. With the results obtained, GC membranes with up to 10 mM AgNPs are candidates for use in the fields of biomaterials and biomedicine.

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Antibacterial ativity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v41i1.81 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 60-65

Author(s):

Ahmad N. A. Salih ◽

Mohammad J. Eesa

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Silver Sulfadiazine ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Olive Leaves ◽

Scanning Electron

This study was conducted for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using olive leaves aqueous extract and evaluate its antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. The synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by Ultra Violet Visible – spectrophotometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Well diffusion method was used to show the antibacterial action of silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro in comparison with standard antibacterial silver sulfadiazine by using different concentrations of each agent ranged from 12.5-200 μg/ml. The results of this study showed it possible to produce silver nanoparticles in eco-friendly and easy process and UV-Visible absorption spectra of the silver nanoparticles revealed maximum absorbance at 420 and 430 nm. The Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis demonstrated the mean of the silver particles diameter was 26 nm. The antibacterial findings of the synthesized silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro showed that the silver nanoparticles were more effective than silver sulfadiazine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It could be concluded that olive leaves extract can be used effectively in the production of silver nanoparticles and these synthesized nanoparticles had considerable antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro.

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Silver Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis, Characterization, Blood Compatibility and Protoscolicidal Efficacy against Echinococcus granulosus

Pakistan Veterinary Journal ◽

10.29261/pakvetj/2021.039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (03) ◽

pp. 393-399

Author(s):

Parwin Jalal Jalil

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

Blood Compatibility ◽

Ag Nps ◽

X Ray ◽

Hydatid Fluid ◽

Scanning Electron

Spillage of protoscoleces within hydatid fluid during surgery for hydatid cyst is the main reason for its recurrence. Therefore, to inactivate the protoscoleces, various scolicidal substances have been tested. However, novel and more efficient agents are needed owing to several associated complications. This study focused on the effects of green synthetic Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Zizyphus spina- christi leaves on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. Also, to evaluate the blood compatibility of Ag NPs. The Ag NPs were identified by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Visible) spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy imaging, and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Hydatid fluid was aspirated aseptically from cysts of infected sheep liver. The protoscoleces were exposed to Ag NPs at several concentrations. Also, scanning electron microscopy for ultrastructural changes and in vitro erythrocytes lysis was performed. The Ag NPs were spherical; the particles' size reached 50 nm, and presented a surface plasmon peak around 460 nm. The current study's findings indicated the powerful in vitro scolicidal efficacy of the green biosynthesized AgNPs. Several morphological alterations were observed on the protoscoleces by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Lysis of RBCs at different doses of Ag NPs was significantly (P≤0.05) less than the positive control value, thus proposing its biocompatibility. This work suggests that chemicals like polyphenols present in the extract of Z. spina- christi act as reducing and stabilizers agents to create Ag NPs Nevertheless, further investigations are needed to investigate the Ag NPs scolicidial effects in animal models.

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Potensi Tepung Magot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) sebagai Agen Antibakteri dan Immunomodulator Pakan Ternak Unggas secara In vitro

Jurnal Sain Veteriner ◽

10.22146/jsv.53347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 112

Author(s):

Desy Cahya Widianingrum ◽

Melinda Erdya Krismaputri ◽

Listya Purnamasari

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Black Soldier Fly ◽

Hermetia Illucens ◽

Honestly Significant Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Scanning Electron

Tepung Magot dalam pakan unggas tidak hanya dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif sumber protein namun juga diharapkan memiliki efek antibakterial dan immunomodulator. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode in vitro untuk mengetahui efek antimikrobial dan immunomodulator tepung magot. Uji sensitivitas dilakukan dengan metode disc difusi agar, uji aktivitas fagositosis diamati pada makrofag peritoneum mencit Balb-C jantan berumur 8 minggu terhadap Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), serta uji tantang S. aureus terhadap tepung magot dilihat di bawah scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data hasil uji sensitivitas dan pengamatan dengan teknik SEM dilaporkan secara deskriptif. Perbedaan aktivitas fagositosis makrofag antar perlakuan diuji dengan analisis varian satu arah dengan uji lanjut honestly significant difference (HSD) Berdasar hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa tepung memiliki 38,22% kandungan protein dengan profil asam amino yang lengkap. Kandungan asam amino tertinggi pada tepung magot adalah (7685,84 mg/kg), aspartat (5864,19 mg/kg), leusin (5034,31 mg/kg). Asam lemak esensial yang terkandung pada tepung magot adalah asam laurat (13,39%) Hasil uji sensitivitas diketahui tepung magot tidak memberikan zona hambat pada bakteri S. aureus. Introduksi tepung magot pada fagositosis secara in vitro dapat meningkatkan kinerja makrofag dengan perannya seperti opsonin berdasar pengamatan SEM. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tepung magot potensial digunakan sebagai imunomodulator natural dan pengganti protein pakan unggas.

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Quantitative Evaluation of Bacteria Washed from Stainless Steel Penicylinders During AOAC Use-Dilution Method

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/71.5.868 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 868-871

Author(s):

Edith M Alfano ◽

Eugene C Cole ◽

William A Rut Ala

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Quaternary Ammonium ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽

Dilution Water ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract Stainless steel penicylinders inoculated separately with test bacteria {Salmonella choleraesuis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Staphylococcus aureus) are used in the AOAC use-dilution method (UDM) for disinfectant efficacy testing. Numbers of bacteria remaining on penicylinders were quantitatively assessed to determine if cells are washed from the penicylinders after a 10 min exposure to phosphate buffer dilution water (PBDW). Inoculated penicylinders were also examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the presence of cells remaining attached to the penicylinders after a 10 min exposure to a quaternary ammonium disinfectant and separately to PBDW. The percentage of cells washed from inoculated penicylinders exposed to PBDW was 89.9 for Salmonella choleraesuis, 48.8 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 38.8 for Staphylococcus aureus. Qualitative examination of penicylinders by scanning electron microscopy confirmed the attachment of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa cells to penicylinders exposed separately to PBDW and a quaternary ammonium disinfectant. Few S. choleraesuis cells were observed on penicylinders exposed to PBDW and no cells were observed after disinfectant exposure. The variability of the numbers of viable cells entering the recovery media among the 3 UDM test bacteria due to cell detachment could be a significant factor in the recognized variability of the use-dilution method.

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A technique to study the bacterial colonization of surfaces employing chemotaxis chambers and scanning electron microscopy

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m81-189 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 27 (11) ◽

pp. 1228-1230 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eva S. Leake ◽

Mary J. Wright ◽

Anthony G. Gristina

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Bacterial Colonization ◽

Scanning Electron

A technique for the study of bacterial colonization of surfaces by scanning electron microscopy employing blind well chemotactic chambers is described. Abundant growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on glass and polyethylene was observed 24 h after inoculation.

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Scanning Electron Microscopy of Staphylococcus Epidermidis Adherence to Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100119429 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 520-521

Author(s):

William J. Lamoreaux ◽

David L. Smalley ◽

Larry M. Baddour ◽

Alfred P. Kraus

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Sterile Saline ◽

Intravascular Devices ◽

Capd Patient ◽

Scanning Electron

Infections associated with the use of intravascular devices have been documented and have been reported to be related to duration of catheter usage. Recently, Eaton et al. reported that Staphylococcus epidermidis may attach to silastic catheters used in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment. The following study presents findings using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of S. epidermidis adherence to silastic catheters in an in vitro model. In addition, sections of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dialysis bags were also evaluated by SEM.The S. epidermidis strain RP62A which had been obtained in a previous outbreak of coagulase-negative staphylococcal sepsis at local hospitals was used in these experiments. The strain produced surface slime on exposure to glucose, whereas a nonadherent variant RP62A-NA, which was also used in these studies, failed to produce slime. Strains were grown overnight on blood agar plates at 37°C, harvested from the surface and resuspended in sterile saline (0.85%), centrifuged (3,000 rpm for 10 minutes) and then washed twice in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.0. Organisms were resuspended at a concentration of ca. 106 CFU/ml in: a) sterile unused dianeal at 4.25% dextrose, b) sterile unused dianeal at 1.5% dextrose, c) sterile used dialysate previously containing 4.25% dextrose taken from a CAPD patient, and d) sterile used dialysate previously containing 1.5% dextrose taken from a CAPD patient.

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The Mesothelial Cell as a Non-Thrombogenic Surface

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661149 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 52 (02) ◽

pp. 102-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

L J Nicholson ◽

J M F Clarke ◽

R M Pittilo ◽

S J Machin ◽

N Woolf

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cell Surface ◽

Mesothelial Cell ◽

Mesothelial Cells ◽

Plastic Film ◽

In Vitro System ◽

Scanning Electron

SummaryA technique for harvesting mesothelial cells is described. This entails collagenase digestion of omentum after which the cells can be cultured. The technique has been developed using the rat, but has also been successfully applied to human tissue. Cultured rat mesothelial cells obtained in this way have been examined by scanning electron microscopy. Rat mesothelial cells grown on plastic film have been exposed to blood in an in vitro system using a Baumgartner chamber and have been demonstrated to support blood flow. No adhering platelets were observed on the mesothelial cell surface. Fibroblasts similarily exposed to blood as a control were washed off the plastic.

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Study of Phosphocalcic Glasses from SiO2-CaO-P2O5 System with and Without Silver II. The bioactivity analysis by FTIR, SEM methods and microbiological study of silver-doped glasses

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.6.5639 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 1188-1192

Author(s):

Daniela Avram ◽

Nicolae Angelescu ◽

Dan Nicolae Ungureanu ◽

Ionica Ionita ◽

Iulian Bancuta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

De Novo ◽

Microbiological Examination ◽

Doped Glasses ◽

P2o5 System ◽

Scanning Electron

The study in vitro of the glass powders bioactivity was performed by soaking them in simulated body fluid for 3 to 21 days at a temperature of 37�C and pH = 7.20. The synthesis de novo of hydroxyapatite, post soaking was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study of the antimicrobial activity was performed by microbiological examination on two strains of pathogenic bacteria involved in postoperative nosocomial infections.

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Biological Evaluation of Selected 1,2,3-triazole Derivatives as Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Agents

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026620666200710104737 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (24) ◽

pp. 2186-2191

Author(s):

Lialyz Soares Pereira André ◽

Renata Freire Alves Pereira ◽

Felipe Ramos Pinheiro ◽

Aislan Cristina Rheder Fagundes Pascoal ◽

Vitor Francisco Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Biological Evaluation ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Community Environments ◽

Scanning Electron

Background: Resistance to antimicrobial agents is a major public health problem, being Staphylococcus aureus prevalent in infections in hospital and community environments and, admittedly, related to biofilm formation in biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilms form a complex and structured community of microorganisms surrounded by an extracellular matrix adhering to each other and to a surface that gives them even more protection from and resistance against the action of antimicrobial agents, as well as against host defenses. Methods: Aiming to control and solve these problems, our study sought to evaluate the action of 1,2,3- triazoles against a Staphylococcus aureus isolate in planktonic and in the biofilm form, evaluating the activity of this triazole through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) tests. We have also performed cytotoxic evaluation and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the biofilms under the treatment of the compound. The 1,2,3-triazole DAN 49 showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity (MIC and MBC 128 μg/mL). In addition, its presence interfered with the biofilm formation stage (1/2 MIC, p <0.000001) and demonstrated an effect on young preformed biofilm (2 MICs, p <0.05). Results: Scanning Electron Microscopy images showed a reduction in the cell population and the appearance of deformations on the surface of some bacteria in the biofilm under treatment with the compound. Conclusion: Therefore, it was possible to conclude the promising anti-biofilm potential of 1,2,3-triazole, demonstrating the importance of the synthesis of new compounds with biological activity.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of AlgNa-g-poly(QCL-co-HEMA) Hydrogels as Platform for Chondrocyte Proliferation and Controlled Release of Betamethasone

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115730 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5730

Author(s):

Jomarien García-Couce ◽

Marioly Vernhes ◽

Nancy Bada ◽

Lissette Agüero ◽

Oscar Valdés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Controlled Release ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Cell Types ◽

Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽

Almost All ◽

Scanning Electron

Hydrogels obtained from combining different polymers are an interesting strategy for developing controlled release system platforms and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, the applicability of sodium alginate-g-(QCL-co-HEMA) hydrogels for these biomedical applications was evaluated. Hydrogels were synthesized by free-radical polymerization using a different concentration of the components. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and a swelling degree. Betamethasone release as well as the in vitro cytocompatibility with chondrocytes and fibroblast cells were also evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the porous surface morphology of the hydrogels in all cases. The swelling percent was determined at a different pH and was observed to be pH-sensitive. The controlled release behavior of betamethasone from the matrices was investigated in PBS media (pH = 7.4) and the drug was released in a controlled manner for up to 8 h. Human chondrocytes and fibroblasts were cultured on the hydrogels. The MTS assay showed that almost all hydrogels are cytocompatibles and an increase of proliferation in both cell types after one week of incubation was observed by the Live/Dead® assay. These results demonstrate that these hydrogels are attractive materials for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications due to their characteristics, their release kinetics, and biocompatibility.

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