Formulation, Development and Characterization of Herbal Soap Using Borassus flabellifer and Curcuma zedoaria

Bacterial infections are most common in humans. The herbs are known to possess various potentials like anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal properties which are explored for ages and incorporated into various forms, for human use. One such usage is formulation of herbal soap that is used not only for treating microbial infections, but also for using it on daily basis. The aim and objective of the present study is to investigate the presence of phytochemicals in the extract and to formulate an herbal soap using the extract of seed coat of B.flabellifer and rhizome of C.zedoaria and explore its properties. Both the aqueous extracts were equally mixed with soap base and the formulated soap was further subjected to physicochemical characterizations such as color, odor, texture, total fatty matter, foam test, moisture content, total alkali content and pH. The antioxidant activity assay was done for the herbal soap and its IC50 value was low, but plant possess antioxidant activity. The antibacterial activity of the formulated soap was checked in agar well diffusion method and it shows active against the S. aureus and E.coli. The results shows that the soap possess good antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial and antifungal compound were present in the herbal extract confirmed by GC MS analysis

Quality assessment of soaps produced from bleached palm oil and Moringa oleifera seed oil

Soap is sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid produced by saponification reaction using sodium or potassium hydroxide. It is used for cleaning, bathing, and washing. Soaps were produced from bleached palm oil (BPO) and Moringa oleifera seed oil using the cold process method with slight modification. The physicochemical properties (acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, iodine value and moisture content) of the oil were determined and it showed that the values are within the standard specifications. The quality of the soaps were also assessed by determining the physicochemical properties such as; free caustic alkali, matter insoluble in alcohol (MIA), pH, total fatty matter (TFM), cleaning properties, washing properties and foam stability. All the results obtained showed that the soaps analyzed are good soaps safe for the skin.

Laundry Soap Production from the Respective Tallows of Goat, Sheep and Cow: Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties for the Best

Tallow mainly consists of triglycerides, whose major constituents are derived from stearic, palmitic and oleic acids, and its usage reduces production cost of soap, adds lather stability and hardness to soap. Laundry soaps were produced with variation on amount of tallow (sourced from cow, sheep and goat) and labelled as A, B, C, D and E formulations. The respective tallows were characterized in terms of saponification value and acid value and determined to be 192.14 and 2.24mg KOH/g (cow tallow); 200.56 and 2.38mgKOH/g (sheep tallow) and 197.75 and 1.96 mgKOH/g (goat tallow). The physicochemical properties of soap which determine its area of usage and cleansing properties were determined. The properties considered in this work were hardness, moisture content, foam capacity, pH, free acidity content, and total fatty matter. The hardness, moisture content, foam capacity, pH, free acidity content and total fatty matter of the produced soaps were determined and ranged between mild-deep penetration level; 11-21%; 1-9cm; 8-10.5; 0.16-0.82% and 40-86% respectively. From the comparative analysis, soap made from sheep tallow has the lowest penetration level (with formulations B and E), lowest free acidity content of 0.16% (with formulation A), highest total fatty matter of 86% (using formulation E), highest foam height of 9cm (with formulation A), lowest moisture content of 11% (with formulation A) and mild alkalinity of 8 (with formulations A, B and E). These results showed that the soaps produced from sheep tallow are the best in terms of hardness, lather and skin friendliness, due to its high degree of longer carbon chain lengths of fatty acids. These values satisfy the standard limit set for good quality laundry soap by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control and Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemical Analysis, respectively.

Quality evaluation of soaps produced from neem seed oil and shea-butter oil

Soap is sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid produced by saponification reaction using sodium or potassium hydroxide. It is used for cleaning, bathing, and washing. Soaps were produced from neem seed oil and sheabutter oil using the cold process method with slight modification. The physicochemical properties (acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, iodine value and moisture content) of the oil were determined and it showed that the values are within the standard specifications. The quality of the soaps were also assessed by determining the physicochemical properties such as; free caustic alkali, matter insoluble in alcohol (MIA), pH, total fatty matter (TFM), cleaning properties, washing properties and foam stability. All the results obtained showed that the soaps analyzed are good soaps safe for the skin.

Use of jatropha seed oil and alkali solution obtained from its ash for soap making

The present study investigated the potential of Jatropha curcas L. seed oil and lye its ash for soapmaking. Oil was extracted from the seeds using Soxhlet extractor and n-hexane. Lye solution was obtained by boilingash of Jatropha with distilled water. The physicochemical properties (saponification value, Iodine value, acid valueand peroxide value) of the oil (and its blend with palm oil) were found to be consistent with reported values inliterature. The oil content and its relative density were also found to be 31.17% and 0.88g/cm3, respectively. Soapsamples were prepared by treating the oil and the prepared lye solution. Their physicochemical properties (moisturecontent, total alkali content, total fatty matter, pH, foam ability and cleansing ability) were found to be comparablewith reported properties for laundry soaps. The findings indicated that the lye solution from ash of Jatropha and itsseed oil result in soap materials that have acceptable qualities.

PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL STUDY OF JATYADI GHRITA AND JATYADI KER TAILA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR HPTLC FINGERPRINTS PROFILE

Jatyadi Ghrita is a ghee based Ayurvedic formulation useful for sravi (secretory), gambhira (deep), Dushta Vrana (contaminated wound) by external application by shodhana (cleaning) and ropana (healing) as per the classical texts of Ayurveda. Now day’s pharmacies are using coconut oil instead of ghrita for preparation of Jatyadi Ker Taila, but remaining contents are same as that of Jatyadighrita as quoted in our Samhitas. Hence a comparative study on Jatyadighrita as per classical text and Jatyadi Ker Taila (modified method by using coconut oil replacing ghrita) to know their physico-chemical properties. The physicochemical tests performed on different samples of Jatyadi Ghrita and Jatyadi Ker taila such as specific gravity, acid value, saponification value, Total fatty matter, melting point, viscosity etc. Further standardization by instrument analysis performed on HPTLC for finger printing profile. Comparative evaluation of above parameters shows that Ker taila (coconut oil) can be used as better substitute of ghrita for the preparation of Jatyadi formulation. Related physicochemical tests and HPTLC profile clearly shows the more stability of formulation and increased number of secondary metabolite extraction in Ker taila than ghrita. Possibly the above results denote best substitution of classical formulation Jatyadi ghrita is Jatyadi Ker taila (by using coconut oil replacing ghrita).

Quality Analysis of Selected Toilet Soaps in Saudi Arabia Markets

Soap is sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid produced by saponification reaction. The physicochemical properties of soaps determine their quality and hence determine their efficiency. Four toilet soaps from local markets in Saudi Arabia were analyzed for moisture, pH, free caustic alkali or free fatty acid, total fatty matter and insoluble matter in alcohol. The percentage of the moisture ranged between (3.0534±0.1782 -5.1235±0.4891 %), total fatty matter (79.6907± 0.0534 - 94.8253 ± 0.0622), insoluble matter in alcohol (0.7939± 0.0134 - 1.0368± 0.0234% (and there is no excess free caustic alkali. However, the pH values between (8.715±0.0219 - 9.745±0.0212). This study showed that the percent of moisture, free caustic alkali, insoluble matter, total fatty matter and pH values for different samples found to be in limited range. Finally, the percentage of free fatty acid are (1.0433±0.0813 -1.4107±0.1731%). The soaps analyzed proved to be of high quality and meet the standard values.

PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL STUDY AND QUALITY STANDARD DETEC-TION OF JATYADI GHRITA BY HPTLC METHOD

In the era of commercialization quality control and standardization of herbal formulation is essential in or-der to assess the quality of drugs for therapeutic value. Jatyadi Ghrita is a ghee based Ayurvedic formula-tion useful for treatment of all kind of wounds by external application found in classical texts of Ayurveda. In this study an attempt has been made to develop standard for Jatyadi Ghrita by HPTLC method. It was prepared by standard laboratory reference of Ayurvedic formulary of India in three batches in RS & BK Laboratory NIA, Jaipur. The physicochemical tests performed on different samples of Jatyadi Ghrita such as acid value, saponification value, Total fatty matter, melting point, viscosity etc. Further standardization and comparative evaluation of laboratory sample and marketed sample done by instrument analysis per-formed on HPTLC finger printing profile. Data has been provided to demonstrate applicability of the methods to standardization of Jatyadi Ghrita.

Cultivation of Spirulina platensis Having Humic Acid as Substrate for Soap Production

Spirulina is a pure and natural whole food, containing no synthetic ingredients or preservatives, consumed as Single Cell Proteins (SCP) by human beings and animals. In this study, Spirulina was cultivated with 0.9 % Humic acid (HA) along with the OFERR medium for the enhanced production of Spirulina platensis. The obtained Spirulina platensis was used for manufacturing natural soap with various components such as Olive oil, Aloe vera, and NaOH by employing RSM (Response surface methodology) –CCD (Central composite design). The soap produced having the optimal condition was found to have TFM (Total fatty matter) - 80%, and alkalinity - 9.0. The ideal composition for the improvement of soap was S. platensis - 3.75 g, Olive oil - 37.5 mL, Aloe vera gel – 15 g, and NaOH – 2 g with S. platensis being the key component.

Enhancement of Spirulina platensis Growth Using Humic Acid for Soap Production

Spirulina is a pure and natural whole food, containing no synthetic ingredients or preservatives, consumed as Single Cell Proteins (SCP) by human beings and animals. This study focused on the use of Spirulina. Influence of Humic acid (HA) along with the medium was studied in this paper for the enhanced production of Spirulina platensis for soap production. Spirulina platensis was cultivated with an optimum concentration of humic acid. This study used Spirulina for manufacturing natural soap with various components such as Olive oil, Aloe vera, and NaOH by employing RSM (Response surface methodology) –CCD (Central composite design). Optimization of soap production from Spirulina is done using different concentrations of Olive oil, Aloe vera, and NaOH, which included (30th trail). The TFM (Total fatty matter) of soap is 80%, and its alkalinity is 9.0 ± 0.5, respectively. The present study suggests that Spirulina plantensis grown in OFERR medium with 0.9% of humic acid was found to produce maximum biomass. The ideal composition for the improvement of soap was Spirulina - 3.75gm, Olive oil - 37.5ml, Aloe vera gel - 15gm, and NaOH - 2gm with Spirulina being the key component.