The Ideal Dimension of Law

The main theme of the article is ideal dimension of law. Author argue for a dual nature thesis – which contends that law necessarily comprises both a real or factual dimension and an ideal or critical dimension – and demonstrates how the ideal dimension (which refers primarily to moral correctness) implies the truth of non-positivism. The key provisions of the conception represented in article are substantiated in a polemic with other well-known representative of non-positivism – John Finnis. Particular attention is paid to determine relation between the real and ideal dimensions of law, which involves answering five questions. First, is there an outermost border of law? Second, is legal argumentation based exclusively on authoritative reasons or does it also include non-authoritative reasons? Third, what is the relation between human rights and legal systems? Forth, is democracy to be understood exclusively as a decision procedure or also as a form of discourse? Fifth, do legal system comprise only rules expressing a real “ought” or also principles expressing an “ideal ought”? These five questions are answered by the following five theses: the first with the Radbruch formula; he second with the special case thesis; the third with the thesis that constitutional rights are to be understood as attempts to positivize human rights; the fourth with the deliberative model of democracy; and the fifth with principles theory. All five theses turn on the same point: the claim to correctness.

Time perspective as predictor of perceived stress in managers

The aim of this study was to determine relation between dimensions of time perspective and perceived stress among managers, who have one to three years of working experience as managers. The basic assumption was that dimensions of time perspective are empirically confirmed correlates of numerous psychic functions, thus they can also be correlates of perceived stress. Therefore, we set hypothesis that dimensions of time perspective are significant predictors of perceived stress in managers. The study was conducted on the sample of 92 managers of both genders (37% of men and 63% of women). Average age of examinees was 36.58 years. Selective variable for formation of the sample was the length of working experience in management - from minimum one up to maximum three years. The assumption for the sample justification was that managers-beginners experience bigger number of stimuli from the environment as stressors. An adapted version of Zimbardo's time perspective questionnaire (ZTPI, Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999, adaptation of Kostić & Nedeljković, 2013) was used to operationalize the time perspective. The questionnaire with 52 items determines five dimensions of time perspective - negative and positivie past, hedonistic and fatalistic present and future. Perceived stress is determined by score on Cohen's questionnaire for perceived stress (The Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-10, Cohen et al, 1983). Significant regression model was obtained, which explains 17,6% variance in perception of stress in managers. As the only independently significant predictor in the group of dimensions of time perspective, future was highlighted (b = 0,416). Managers who are turned towards the future have higher scores of the perceived stress. The results confirmed the initial assumption on predictor power of dimensions of time perspective in predicting intensity of the perceived stress. The results represent contribution to understanding the relationship between dimensions of time perspective and stress perception during the first years of management and may be the starting point for future research of those constructs.

The relation between sex, age, education level, and premedication towards lower-abdominal postoperative pain intensity at Sanglah General Hospital

Introduction: Pain reporting is very subjective. Several studies reveal sex, age, education level, and premedication have impacts on postoperative pain intensity. However, other studies report no relationship between these factors to pain intensity. There only a few researches on pain predictors in Bali, so this study conducts to determine relation between sex, age, education level, and premedication towards lower-abdominal postoperative pain intensity at Sanglah Hospital. Patients and Methods: This is an analytic cross-sectional study. The data were collected from medical records of patients after lower abdominal surgery at Sanglah Hospital from January to July 2018 and fit to inclusion criteria and did not suit to exclusion criteria. Data of patients characteristic were collected to indentify their relation toward pain intensity on the first day. Results: There were 99 patients post-lower abdominal surgery included in this study. The mean pain intensity based on sex was 2.83±0.87 for males and 2.98 ± 1.16 for females. Whereas based on ages were 3.04±1.11 for young, 2.90±0.95 for adults, and 2.40±0.96 for elderly. Based on the education level 2.40±1.26 in elementary educated patient, 2.72±1.27 in patients with junior high education, 2.96±1.04 in patients with high school education, and 3.15±0.74 in college patients. The average of pain in patients with premedication is 2.81±0.94 while the patient without premedication is 3.81±1.16. After performing correlation test, only the premedication factor showed a significant impact (p <0.05) to the pain intensity. Conclusion: Therefore, premedication has a greater impact than the other factor toward postoperative pain intensity at Sanglah Hospital.

A Hierarchical Framework for Relation Extraction with Reinforcement Learning

Most existing methods determine relation types only after all the entities have been recognized, thus the interaction between relation types and entity mentions is not fully modeled. This paper presents a novel paradigm to deal with relation extraction by regarding the related entities as the arguments of a relation. We apply a hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) framework in this paradigm to enhance the interaction between entity mentions and relation types. The whole extraction process is decomposed into a hierarchy of two-level RL policies for relation detection and entity extraction respectively, so that it is more feasible and natural to deal with overlapping relations. Our model was evaluated on public datasets collected via distant supervision, and results show that it gains better performance than existing methods and is more powerful for extracting overlapping relations1.

Determinants of Tourism and HIV/AIDS Incidence in West Java

Indonesia defined as tourist destination where the international and domestic tourists enjoy the tourist attractions. Prostitution existing in tourism place may increase the prevalence of HIV/AIDS. The incidence and spread of AIDS in many areas in West Java is a problem for tourism industry. These issues become acute in locations where sexual attraction is used as a determinant of tourist portability. The aim of this study was to determine relation between tourism and the incidence of HIV/AIDS in West Java. Non-reactive research design was used to collect secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2016 from 26 districts/cities in West Java. This study was conducted in January - October 2016. Univariate and bivariate analysis methods with Spearman’s statistical test and multivariate analysis (multiple logistic) were applied. Bivariate analysis results showed the number of star hotels had p value = 0.003, r = -0.552), visit to accommodation had p value = 0.009, r = 0.499) and averageguest per day had p value = 0.022, r = 0.447. Results of multivariate analysis showed that accommodation visits had p value = 0.000). In conclusion, tourism determinants associated with the incidence of HIV/AIDS are the number of star hotels, visits to hotel, and the average guest per day.

Antenatal Care Provider and Cesarean Delivery in Urban Areas Indonesia

Trends of cesarean section in Indonesia (2007-2012) have double increase at risk of the emergence of long-term and short-term health problems. This study aimed to determine relation between antenatal care provider and cesarean section. This quantitative study used cross-sectional design with a total sample of 5,143 women aged 15-49 years who gave birth to the last child through cesarean section or not as in urban areas selected in samples of 2012 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. Logistic regression multivariate analysis was used to determine relation between antenatal care provider and section cesarean, which was controlled by maternal age, antenatal care facility, parity, and place of birth. The results showed that antenatal care at obstetrician was 6.6 times higher, while antenatal care at obstetrician and midwife was 2.1 times higher for cesarean section compared to women who had antenatal care at midwife after controlled by maternal age, antenatal care facility, parity, and place of birth. There is interaction between socioeconomic status and obstetrician for a cesarean section. Implementation of rules on cesarean section by health institutions, as well as protective and preventive labor efforts on the high economic community group may reduce the occurrence of unnecessary cesarean section. AbstrakTren persalinan sesar di Indonesia (2007-2012) mengalami peningkatan dua kali lipat berisiko pada munculnya masalah kesehatan jangka panjang maupun pendek. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan tenaga kesehatan pemeriksa kehamilan dengan persalinan sesar. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan sampel penelitian 5143 wanita usia subur berusia 15-49 tahun yang melahirkan anak terakhirnya, baik melahirkan sesar maupun tidak di wilayah perkotaan yang terpilih dalam sampel Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012. Analisis multivariat regresi logistik digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan tenaga pemeriksa kehamilan dengan persalinan sesar, dikontrol oleh usia ibu, tempat periksa kehamilan, paritas, dan tempat melahirkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan kehamilan pada spesialis kandungan 6,6 kali lebih tinggi, sedangkan pemeriksaan kehamilan pada spesialis kandungan dan bidan 2,1 kali lebih tinggi untuk melakukan persalinan sesar dibandingkan dengan ibu yang melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilannya di bidan setelah dikontrol usia ibu, tempat periksa kehamilan, paritas, dan tempat melahirkan. Terdapat interaksi antara spesialis kandungan dengan status sosial ekonomi untuk persalinan sesar. Implementasi peraturan dilakukannya persalinan sesar oleh institusi kesehatan, serta melakukan upaya protektif dan preventif persalinan pada kelompok masyarakat ekonomi tinggi dapat mengurangi terjadinya persalinan sesar yang tidak perlu.

The Relation of the Family Support with the Healthy Lifestyle of Hypertension in Family

Hypertension is a condition when the systolic blood pressure greater than 120 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure over 80 mmHg. Healthy lifestyle of hypertension as one of handling blood pressure so that family support is necessary in order to achieve compliance with management healthy lifestyle in patient with hypertension. The purpose study to determine relation of the family support with the healthy lifestyle of hypertension in family. Method: Design of study deskriptif corelasional with cross sectional design. Study was conducted at UPT Kesmas Gianyar I with forty three respondents was taken by consecutive sampling. Family support and healthy lifestyle of hypertension by questionnaire and analyzing using by rank spearman test. Result: Research of study showard most respondents have a high family support 41,9% and a most respondents has enough healthy lifestyle 58,1%. The result of analysis obtained p=0.012<α (α=0.05), which means there is a significant a relation of the family support with healthy lifestyle of hypertension in family. Discussion: Device for community to implement the healthy lifestyle of to controlled blood pressure in patient with hypertension.

Hubungan Asupan Protein dengan Kadar Ureum dan Kreatinin pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik yang Sedang Menjalani Hemodialisa di Unit Hemodialisa RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is complication of progressive kidney disease. Kidney will lose its function to control volume and body fluids. Patient CKD will be at terminal illness in various term from 2-3 months until 30-40 years. Hemodialysis is needed for CKD stadium terminal when kidney is unable to excrete waste of metabolism, control electrolyte and fluids balance, and secrete hormone. This condition will lead cumulative Nitrogen as waste product of metabolism. Objective: To determine relation between protein intake with ureum and creatinine concentration on CKD patient with hemodialysis at Hemodialysis Unit in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital. Methods: This is a descriptive analytic research using cross sectional research design. It was held on August 2016 at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital. Population is all CKD patients with Hemodialysis. Subject is chosen by inclusion criteria: want to join research and has 30-60 years old. Results: There is no significant correlation both protein intake with ureum concentration p=0.438 and protein intake with creatinin concentration p=0.205 based on Rank Spearman test. Conclusion: There is no significant correlation both protein intake with ureum concentration, and protein intake with creatinin concentration on patients with CKD at Hemodialysis Unit in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital. Keywords: Protein intake, Ureum, Creatinin