d- and s-orbital populations in the d block: unbound atoms in physical vacuum versus chemical elements in condensed matter. A Dronskowski-population analysis

The electron configurations of Ca, Zn and the nine transition elements M in between (and their heavier homologs) are reviewed on the basis of density functional theory and experimental facts. The d-s orbital energy and population patterns are systematically diverse. (i) The dominant valence electron configuration of most free neutral atoms M0 of groups g = 2–12 is 3d g−2 4s 2 (textbook rule), or 3d g−14s 1. (ii) Formal M q+ cations in chemical compounds have the dominant configuration 3d g−q 4s 0 (basic concept of transition metal chemistry). (iii) M0 atoms in metallic phases [M∞] of hcp, ccp(fcc) and bcc structures have intermediate populations near 3d g−1 4s 1 (lower d populations for Ca (ca. ½) and Zn (ca. 10)). Including the 4p valence orbitals, the dominant metallic configuration is 3d g−δ 4(sp) δ with δ ≈ 1.4 (±0.2) throughout (except for Zn). (iv) The 3d,4s population of atomic clusters M m varies for increasing m smoothly from single-atomic 3d g−24s 2 toward metallic 3d g−14s 1. – The textbook rule for the one-electron energies, i.e., ns < (n−1)d, holds ‘in a broader sense’ for the s block, but in general not for the d block, and never for the p block. It is more important to teach realistic atomic orbital (AO) populations such as the ones given above.

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF THE DOMINANT CONFIGURATION MODELS OF MARITAL RELATIONSHIPS OF A WOMEN WITH NEUROTIC DISORDERS

The aim: To study the psychological peculiarities of relationships in families of women with neurotic disorders. Materials and methods: 30 women who received treatment in the neurotic unit of the A.F. Maltsev Poltava Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital and 30 mentally healthy women have been examined. In the research the authors used a complex of interrelated and complementary general scientific and specific methods based on the systematic approach. Results: There was a tendency for following types of marital interactions: dependent – 58% of couples, intermediate – 35% of couples. The emotionally-metaphorical type of interpreting life events is inherent for 89% of women with neurotic disorders. Studying the types of relationships with a husbands demonstrated that women with neurotic disorders perform ‘the role of victim’ – 30% (1,7689) and ‘the role of ‘burden’’ – 40% (1,7689) in their relationships. Conclusions: The types of relationships with a partner of women with neurotic disorders are partly determined by the specifics of early parenting experiences.

Matter density distribution and longitudinal form factors for the ground and excited states of 17Ne exotic nucleus

The two-frequency shell model approach is used to calculate theground state matter density distribution and the corresponding rootmean square radii of the two-proton17Ne halo nucleus with theassumption that the model space of 15O core nucleus differ from themodel space of extra two loosely bound valence protons. Twodifferent size parameters bcore and bhalo of the single particle wavefunctions of the harmonic oscillator potential are used. Thecalculations are carried out for different configurations of the outerhalo protons in 17Ne nucleus and the structure of this halo nucleusshows that the dominant configuration when the two halo protons inthe 1d5/2 orbit (15O core plus two protons halo in pure 1d5/2 orbit). Thecalculated matter density distribution in terms of the two-frequencyshell model is compared with the calculated one in terms one sizeparameter for all orbits to illustrate the effect of introducing one ortwo size parameters in calculations. The longitudinal form factors forelastic C0 and inelastic C2 electron scattering from 17Ne nucleus arecalculated for the considered configurations and for three states ofeach configuration which are the ground state ( JT  1 2 3 2 ) andthe first two excited states ( JT  3 2 3 2 ) and ( JT  5 2 3 2 ).The electric transition strengths B(C2) are calculated for the excitedstates and for the effective nucleon charges which are used in thiswork and compared with the experimental values.

A Historical Study of Chinese Nursing Unit Design Evolution Since 1989

Objectives: To provide a historical review on the evolution of contemporary Chinese nursing unit design and contextual factors that drive the design and changes. Background: China is undergoing a major healthcare construction boom. A systematic investigation of the characteristics and development of Chinese nursing unit design is warranted to help U.S. healthcare designers to provide design that fits the local context. Methods: The investigation is developed in two phases. The first phase is a large-scale spatial analysis of 176 Chinese acute care unit layouts from three periods: 1989–1999, 1999–2004, and 2005–2015. In addition to qualitative descriptions of the nursing unit typologies, the percentage of various typologies, patient room (PR) types, the number of beds, visibility from nurse station (NS) to PRs, and access to natural light during each period were evaluated quantitatively. The second phase defined key factors that shape Chinese nursing unit design through expert interviews. Results: Significant differences were found between design in these three periods. Chinese nursing unit size has continuously grown in the number of beds. Most PRs have shifted from three-bed to double-bed rooms. Most Chinese hospitals use single corridor, racetrack, and mutated racetrack layouts. Mutated racetrack has taken over single corridor as the dominant configuration. The access to southern sunlight remains important. The average visibility from NS to some PRs is restricted by the preferences of allocating most PRs on the south side of a unit. Conclusions: Chinese nursing unit design has undergone transformations to fit the local cultural, socioeconomic context and staffing model.

TENOR CONFIGURATIONS IN CAMPAIGN SPEECHES OF TWO DEMOCRATIC PARTY PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES 2016

This study aims at finding out the tenor configurations that exist in the campaign speeches of two Democratic Party presidential candidates 2016 by using four aspects of tenor and it is to find out how the way the social relationship is played by addressee and addresser in political arena. Tenor configurations in campaign speeches of two Democratic Party presidential candidates is done by theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics. The use of tenor is purposed to make readers understand the speech easily and persuade the readers to do something as the speech means. This research used descriptive quantitative method. The data of this study were taken from some sources in the internet. The data were the transcripts of four campaign speeches by two Democratic presidential candidates that were delivered in different places. The writer focused on the analysis of aspects of tenor in campaign speeches by two Democratic Party presidential candidates; Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders, and finally found the most dominant configuration that appears in the campaign speeches. The writer found that from the four aspects of tenor the campaign speeches mostly used configuration [Formal/Equal/Positive/Infrequent].

Faceted growth of ({\bf {\overline 1}103})-oriented GaN domains on an SiO2-patterned m-plane sapphire substrate using polarity inversion

Heteroepitaxial growth of ({\overline 1}103)-oriented GaN domains on m-plane sapphire is energetically unfavourable in comparison with that of (1{\overline 1}0{\overline 3})-oriented GaN domains, but the faceted domains with ({\overline 1}103)-oriented GaN reveal a more m-facet-dominant configuration than (1{\overline 1}0{\overline 3})-oriented GaN in such a way that the quantum-confined Stark effect can be more effectively suppressed. It is reported here, for the first time, that semipolar ({\overline 1}103)-oriented and faceted GaN domains can be grown on an SiO2-patterned m-plane sapphire substrate by employing polarity inversion of initially nucleated (1{\overline 1}0{\overline 3})-oriented GaN domains. This polarity inversion of semipolar GaN was found to occur when the domains were grown with a 20–37.5 times higher V/III ratio and 70 K lower growth temperature than corresponding parameters for polarity-not-inverted domains. This work opens up a new possibility of effective suppression of the quantum-confined Stark effect by polarity-controlled semipolar GaN in an inexpensive manner in comparison with homoepitaxial growth of ({\overline 1}103)-oriented GaN on a GaN substrate.

On the wing density and the inflation factor of aircraft

ABSTRACTThe aviation industry is dominated by the domain of heavier-than-air, fixed-wing, subsonic flight, and central to any design in this domain is the wing itself. One of the earliest debates in aviation still centres around the usefulness of the wing volume. On the one hand it is held that the wing, as an inevitable necessity, should provide the volume also for the payload. On the other, it is argued that more efficient wings do not even have sufficient volume for the entire wing structure. This work proposes precise definitions of theWing Densityand theInflation Factor, two parameters that can quantitatively reflect the economic and technological trends in aviation. The wing volume of a hypotheticalIdeal Wingis derived from theOperational Parametersof any givenFlight Objectiveand compared to the volume requirement of that flight objective. We conclude that the dominant aircraft configuration of the future is likely to remain within the same family of the current dominant configuration, in conflict with some older predictions.

Study on Identification of Contact Stiffness Considering Surface Roughness

In previous study, the quantitative measurement method of contact stiffness of the joint considering real contact area is developed by experimental approach. However, the measurement of contact stiffness needs special device and skillful measuring technique. Therefore, in this paper, simplified calculation method with material properties and profile data of surface roughness obtained by profilometer is considered. As a result, real contact area, contact stiffness and contact spring stiffness calculated from specific wavelength of rough surface are near agreement with experimental value. Hence, it is revealed that there is dominant configuration in surface roughness.

The illiberal trading state

Liberal systemic theory is built on the assumption that the system’s dominant configuration is a Kantian confederation of major powers. In addition to being a democratic cluster, the liberal core is also a capitalist club. This article pushes systemic and socialization theory forward by introducing the mechanism of economic competition as an important driver of socialization. The article develops a theory of system-level competition, arguing that it is a distinct and co-equal mechanism of socialization to the established mechanisms of persuasion, inducement, and coercion. The article proposes a three-staged model of socialization that explains how prominent rising powers such as Turkey, India, Brazil, and China are being socialized into the liberal system. At the first phase, competitive pressure, outsiders are led to orient themselves toward the core out of a fear of falling behind and a desire to access network benefits. At the second phase, rushing, outsiders behave in pro-norm ways and make significant concessions in order to gain inclusion in the core’s institutional complex. At the third phase, internalization, external norms become embedded in domestic legal institutional structures and a robust pro-norm domestic coalition emerges. The article uses the case of China to illustrate the model and lend it some initial empirical support in one hard case.

Excitation of the N = 28 Core in 53Mn

The structure of 53Mn is examined using a shell model basis of f7/2−2 and all f7/2−4j states, with an effective interaction derived from previous studies of fp shell nuclei. With few exceptions, the lowest one particle, four hole states are found to be predominantly neutron excitations, which make up over 99% of the lowest J = 13/2 level. The calculation successfully accounts for the observed high spin states, but comparison with experiment strongly suggests that two particle excitations from the f7/2 shell are the dominant configuration of several states lying below 3.5 MeV.