Perception of Caring Behavior of Nurses and Patients

ABSTRACT Introduction: Nurses have several tasks but one of the most crucial for them is to provide quality patient care. However, patients’ perception of care might differ with what nurses think. Patients perceive caring as a developed interpersonal relationship between themselves and their nurses. Contrarily, nurses perceive caring as providing quality care through being knowledgeable and compliant in the prescribed orders through the course of treatment. Aims: This study aims to develop a distinct comparison between the perception of care of patients and nurses. Methodology: A descriptive-comparative design was utilized. Survey data were collected from 200 nurses and 160 patients in the general nursing units of a private, tertiary-level general hospital in the Philippines. The Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 (CBI-24) was used to obtain perceptions of care between nurses and patients. Data was analyzed using t-test to compare care perceptions between nurses and patients. Statistical significance was based on p < .05. Results: The results showed no statistical difference between nurses’ and patients’ CBI-24 scores. Among CBI-24 items, only seven had significant statistical difference. Specifically, staff nurses reported higher scores for ‘spending time with the patient’ and ‘demonstrating professional knowledge and skill’ while patients reported higher scores for ‘giving instructions or teaching the patient,’ ‘supporting the patient,’ ‘being patient or tireless with the patient,’ ‘including the patient in planning his or her care,’ and ‘giving the patient’s treatments and medications on time.’ Conclusions: In general, the perceptions of care between nurses and patients is at the same level. However, there are specific caring behaviors where nurses over- or underestimate themselves. Overall, the results can be used to develop strategies to further improve the quality of care provided to patients. Keywords: Nurses, Patients, Philippines, Nursing Care Management, Caring

Information for caregivers and family in the Emergency Department

ABSTRACT Introduction: A visit to the Emergency Department can have a negative impact on patients, their families and caregivers. To overcome negative effects linked to the lack of information, it is necessary to involve the patient’s family and caregivers and evaluate their information needs. Aims: Identify the information that caregivers need from the families in an emergency department; understand how often information should be given to the caregivers; identify the health professionals most qualified to impart the information and identify all the communication barriers experience by caregivers. Methods: This research is a qualitative study with descriptive phenomenological approach. We carried out 38 semi - structured interviews on a public road close to an Emergency Department, from February to March 2018. Data were analysed according to the descriptive phenomenological method of Amedeo Giorgi (1985,1997). Results: Caregivers identified receiving information about the patient as a priority. They also wanted to receive information about the patient more often from doctors and/or nurses. In addition, caregivers identified the use of medical/scientific language by health professionals as possible barriers to communication between them. Other concerns raised included the attitude of the health professional, their availability and the lack of communication. Conclusions: Caregivers should be seen as an important and essential pillar of the healthcare system. The information provided by health professionals should be adjusted to the needs of the caregivers. Keywords: Access to Information, Emergency Medical Services.

Prevention and Control of Trichotomy Infection in the Elderly Surgical Patient: An Umbrella Review

Introduction: The World Health Organization creates norms and guidelines for the adoption of good practices in health care that are provided to the surgical patient. In order to prevent and control infections associated with health care, the nurse must follow the guidelines for preparing the surgical patient for success. These infections can be particularly harmful to the elderly person given their vulnerability. The preoperative preparation, includes the trichotomy as one of the interventions to be performed, however, is one of the most controversial interventions that has caused in clinical practice, by the potential risk of infection in the surgical patient. Aim: To investigate the need for trichotomy, or removal of hair, in the preparation of the skin of the surgical patient, clarifying which is the most appropriate technique in the prevention of infection. Methodology: we conducted an umbrella review. The documentary research followed the consultation of bibliographic sources in the Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health (CINAHL) and Public/Publisher Medline (PubMed) databases. The researched articles were grouped in a time horizon between 2011 and 2020. Afer data extraction, a narrative analysis was performed. Results: We found 40 articles from which 8 were selected. Conclusion: Trichotomy should be avoided by increasing the risk of infection of the surgical site. Innovative haircut and vacuum technologies can help in hair removal, mitigating the risk of contaminating the surgical incision. The timing of the trichotomy is not consensual among researchers.

Interactive pedagogical strategies in Health Education: "Think-Pairs-Share" and Collective Construction

Introduction: Health Education in Sexual and Reproductive Health, appear in the practice of nursing students, as a form of health promotion in young people. The development of these skills is essential during nursing degree. Aims: As part of preparation of clinical practice, in Primary Health Care, a seminar was held - Dating without Risks-, with the purpose of promoting knowledge on Sexual and Reproductive Health, developing active health education strategies and promoting reflection on sexuality in young people. Methodology: We used pedagogical strategies, transferable to a Health Education session: Think-Pairs-Share; Fill in with post-it and Collective Construction. We asked about the importance of Health Education and the approach to sexuality in young people, risk behaviours in dating and a collective construction of an "Affections Alphabet". Results: The seminar exceeded the student’s expectations. The strategies used appear to be easily transferable to Health Education sessions in clinical practice context, providing more interaction between the group, promoting greater openness in approaching the theme.

Contribution of Family Nurses to the Success of Breastfeeding

Introduction: Breast milk is extremely important for maternal and child health bringing indisputable benefits to mother, family and society. Health professionals, including nurses, play a key role in promoting and supporting breastfeeding with all their technical-scientific knowledge and proximity to the population. Aims: Understand the mothers' perspective regarding the contribution of health professionals to the success of breastfeeding. Methodology: Qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 women from a Family Health Unit in a Primary care setting who were mothers between December 2016 and December 2017. A content analysis of the data was performed with the support of web-based data analysis (webQDA) software. Results: The intervention of the family nurse in the context of pregnancy surveillance and child health consultations is distinguished, as well as in home visitation. The intervention of midwives in pre-natal courses and post-natal breastfeeding consultations also demonstrated to be relevant for breastfeeding success. Conclusion: As recommended by the World Health Organization and United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, an effort is being made by health professionals, including nurses and midwives, for support of mothers and families in the decision, establishment and maintenance of the breastfeeding process, contributing positively to its success and establishing a follow-up to woman and family throughout the pregnancy-puerperal cycle.

Healthcare safety monitoring strategy: a qualitative study.

Introduction: The safety of patients and professionals is one of the most important foundations of the classic model of health management and must be considered as a factor for evaluating the activity of health organizations. These organizations must implement integrated and systematic risk management strategies involving their professionals in the identification, analysis, evaluation and monitoring of the risks inherent to the provision of health care. In this way, monitoring plays a major role in risk management. Objectives: This study aims to understand the strategies that nurse managers use to monitor the safety of patients and professionals in health services. De Alirio Martinho Belchior para Todos: 10:35 AM Methods: Qualitative interpretative study using a semi-structured interview with 14 nurse managers of a hospital in the central region of Portugal and convenience sampling. Content analysis performed using Bardin's methodology and Atlas.ti software. Results: Similar outcome noted from nurse managers whereby four categories were identified: scales, indicators, patient satisfaction and audits. Conclusions: Overall, the participant identified that the monitoring of safety in the service are more patient-centered rather than healthcare professionals. The nurse managers were very vague in regard to mentioning the scales used within the service, and a little explored the added value they represent for health and safety management of professionals in the service and all focused-on patient safety

Humor as focus of nursing diagnosis: A scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Humour being a widely studied concept, still hasn’t reach consensus in the scientific community. Analysing this concept becomes paramount for a subsequent inclusion in the Nursing Process, competing to improve the quality of care provided. Objectives: To develop a range analysis protocol proposing the mapping of the studies conducted in the context of humor in the field of health care. Methods: This protocol has been structured according to the methodology defined by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). For the construction of the research guiding question, the PCC strategy was adopted: adult people (Population), concept of humor (Concept), health care (Context). The sample will consist of studies that address any of the characteristics inherent in humor, understood as antecedents, attributes, and consequences, regardless of the health context in which they are developed. This research will not be limited in temporal or linguistic terms. Considerable research in online databases (7) will be integrated by bibliographical research. We will also use databases for research grey literature as well consulting aspects in the field of humor to collaborate in the research. Results: The data will be presented in tabular and narrative form. Conclusion: The protocol development allows an understanding of the humor concept in health care, however it is a scoping review which provide a breath but not deep knowledge about humor as topic. Despite this, it is suitable for the definition of a nursing diagnosis.

Clinical Teaching and the Training of Nurses: An integrative literature review

Background: Clinical Teaching (CT) is a training and evaluation tool used by Nursing courses. In view of the path taken, technical dexterity and expansion of theoretical knowledge, the performance and training of the student as an upcoming professional is evaluated. It is essential to find out the importance of CT as a learning method. Objective: To analyze the importance of Clinical Teaching in the training of nurses. Methodology: Integrative literature review, based on the do Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, in the PubMed, SciELO, BVS and RCAAP databases, between January 2012 and December 2018. Articles about nursing students and / or nurses, over 18 years old, with a focus on CT were included. Results: In the initial research, 20538 was obtained and, after implementing the previously established criteria, in the end 10 articles were obtained, which were analyzed in detail. Five are quantitative studies and another five are qualitative studies. As for quantitative studies, they used several instruments to obtain the data. As for qualitative studies, most of them used interviews and open-ended questionnaires. Nursing students translate the CT as positive, despite seeing discrepancies between the knowledge acquired in the classroom and those exercised in clinical practice. They highlight the interaction with clients, the development of the therapeutic relationship and the opportunity to exercise what they have learned in a theoretical context with a positive connotation. Conclusions: Despite stress and anxiety, it was found the importance of performing CT in the context of clinical practice for personal and professional development, both in terms of technical dexterity and interpersonal skills, resulting in better training for the future nursing professional. Better knowledge of the stress factors of the TC allows to optimize facilitating strategies and optimize this learning period.

The risk of developing Pressure Ulcer and its relation to the patient`s Status and treatment received in na intensive care Unit in Angola.

Background: Pressure ulcers (PU) are common in patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Many factors contribute to this which include the patient´s status and the characteristics and type of the treatment applied in this level of care1-3. In Angola, a low-middle-income country, the study of this topic is still incipient, which makes it relevant to know whether the Braden scale score differs significantly in different groups of critical care patient. De Alirio Martinho Belchior para Todos: 10:40 AM Aims: To determine if there is a statistically significant difference between the risk of developing pressure ulcers, and the groups of patients sorted by the severity of their disease, organ function/ rate of failure and type of the treatment applied in the ICU. On this behalf the following variables were established: patients treated with sedatives, vasoactive drugs, mechanical ventilation, haemodialysis; Braden Scale average score, the APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) score, the SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score and the duration of hospitalization (days) in ICU. Methods: An observational, descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study with a quantitative nature was developed in an ICU ward in a hospital in Angola. Results: The sample was composed of 123 patients; the average value of the Braden scale was 14.15 points. Patients being treated with sedatives showed statistically significant difference in the average Braden scale score compared to those who did not. This difference was also verified in relation to the patients who were treated with vasopressors and mechanical ventilation. Negative, moderate to weak, but statistically significant correlations were found between the Braden scale score and the APACHE score, SOFA score and duration of ICU stay. De Alirio Martinho Belchior para Todos: 10:40 AM Conclusion: The patients have a higher risk of developing pressure ulcers when exposed to risk factors that are already known and specifically associated with some treatments implemented in the ICU. Higher rates of disease severity, mortality risk and longer duration of stay in ICU are associated with a higher risk of PU.