SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION: ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF INFECTED POULTRY AND EFFICACY OF TREATMENT WITH KHAYA GRANDIFOLIOLA EXTRACT

Salmonella infections remain one of the major health problems in both poultry farming and human medicine. In addition, resistance to Salmonella has emerged as a global health problem in both sectors. The present study aimed at evaluating the in vivo antisalmonellal and antioxidant activities of 95° ethanol extract of Khaya grandifoliola using broiler chickens as animal model. Animals were divided into the normal control group, negative control group, positive control group and three test groups treated with the extract at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg respectively. The antioxidant status of broiler chickens was also evaluated by measuring the concentration of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and biochemical markers (malondialdehyde and nitric oxide). The results showed that infected animals treated with the Khaya grandifoliola extract at 40 mg/kg recovered on day 11 after the beginning of the treatment and on day 13 for those treated at the 10 and 20 mg/kg. The antioxidant assay showed that the infection led to the reduction of enzymatic markers in the body of infected animals, while the treatment increases such makers. The infection resulted in a significant increase in serum and pulmonary malondialdehyde. It also caused a significant decrease in cardiac and pulmonary nitric oxide whereas the treatment depending on the doses of the extract tends to normalize these biochemical markers. The overall results showed that Khaya grandifoliola extract can be successfully used in the treatment of avian salmonellosis as well as the management of the oxidative stress caused by the infection.

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Eucalyptus viminalis leaf extract alters the productivity and blood parameters of healthy broiler chickens

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.2673-2680 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2673-2680

Author(s):

G. K. Duskaev ◽

O. V. Kvan ◽

Sh. G. Rakhmatullin

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Live Weight ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Group Iii ◽

Eucalyptus Viminalis ◽

Experimental Group

Background and Aim: As an alternative to natural and chemically synthesized direct-acting bactericides, there has been an increase in the use of plant extracts, which possess a set of phytochemicals with potential for microbial disease control; this is due to the spectrum of secondary metabolites present in extracts, which include phenolic compounds, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and polyacetylenes. The biologically active substances within plant extracts, which perform protective functions for plant tissues, can have ambiguous effects on the animal body. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the ability of gamma-octalactone, isolated from Eucalyptus viminalis extract, to inhibit various LuxI/LuxR quorum-sensing (QS) systems in bacteria, and to evaluate its effect on broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical analysis of E. viminalis extract was performed. The ability of gamma-octalactone to inhibit QS was evaluated using four different LuxI/LuxR bacterial test systems. In vivo assessments were performed on one hundred and twenty 7-day-old broiler chickens (Arbor Acres cross), split into four groups of 30 chickens: 1. Control group: Basic diet (BD); 2. experimental Group I: BD + gamma-octalactone at a dosage of 0.05 ml/kg live weight/day; 3. experimental Group II: BD + gamma-octalactone at a dosage of 0.1 ml/kg live weight/day; and 4. experimental Group III: BD + gamma-octalactone at a dosage of 0.2 ml/kg live weight/day. Hematological blood parameters were assessed using an automatic hematological analyzer (URIT-2900 Vet Plus, URIT Medial Electronic Co., China) and an automatic biochemical analyzer (CS-T240, Dirui Industrial Co., Ltd., China). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics Version 20 (IBM); averages (M), standard deviations (σ), and standard deviation errors (m) were calculated. Results with p≤0.05 were considered significant. Results: Based on the phytochemical analysis results, libraries of compounds with putative QS inhibitory properties were compiled. Gamma-octalactone exhibited a pronounced inhibitory effect on the LuxI/LuxR QS systems, characterized by EC50 values of 0.15-0.4 mM. In the in vivo portion of this study, broiler chicken live weights increased in all experimental groups, with the most significant increase in Group III (14.0%), in relation to the control group. Blood serum from the experimental group chickens had significantly higher levels of triglycerides and uric acid (p≤0.05), in comparison to the control group chickens. With respect to blood serum enzyme activity and antioxidant status indicators, the experimental group chickens had a higher level of gamma-glutamyl transferase, an enzyme associated with amino acid metabolism, than those in the control group; this increase was especially pronounced in Group III, with 37.0% increase (p≤0.05). Superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were higher in the experimental groups than the control group, corresponding to increases of 30.4-56.2% (p≤0.05), 33.3-83.3%, and 27.9-45.5% (p≤0.05) in Groups I, II, and III (p≤0.05), respectively. Morphological blood parameters did not display significant changes due to gamma-octalactone. Conclusion: According to the results of this in vivo study in broiler chickens, gamma-octalactone, isolated from E. viminalis leaf extract and supplied at a dosage of 0.2 ml/kg live weight/day, led to an increase in the activity of blood plasma digestive enzymes, increased live weight, and had a positive effect on lipid metabolism and antioxidant status.

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The use of acidifying agents Aquasafe and Veleguard when rearing of broiler chickens

Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production) ◽

10.33920/sel-05-2002-02 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 16-27

Author(s):

L. Gamko ◽

T. Tarinskaya

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Positive Impact ◽

The Body ◽

Metabolic Energy ◽

Control Group ◽

Meat Production ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Broiler Meat

It is known that necessary to replace the components of organic acids, which are part of acidifiers when drinking water to poultry in order to prevent the adaptation of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. In the poultry industry organic acids are widely used, which are used as acidifiers to preserve the properties of water consumed. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of broiler meat production when using acidifying agents of drinking water Aquasafe and Veleguard. The experimental part of the work has been performed in JSC “Kurinoe Tsarstvo-Bryansk” broiler area “Roshcha” in the Pochepsky district. The object of research was the livestock of broiler chickens cross Cobb 500 at floor housing. The effect of water acidifiers on meat productivity has been studied. Groups of chickens have been formed on the principle of pairs-analogues. Broiler chickens of experimental groups have been separated from the main livestock by a grid in the corner of the room for 100 heads in each group. It has been found by a result of research to be optimal dose usage of acidifying agents water Aquasafe and Veleguard to drink to broiler chickens. The positive effect of these acidifiers on the digestion of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, contributing to the effective use of nitrogen, which led to an increase in the intensity of growth, young animals’ livability and improved feed conversion. Slaughter yield in the control group was 55,1 %, and in the experimental group 57,2 and 58,4 %, which was by 2,1 and 3,3 % higher with the same level of metabolic energy and nutrients. In chickens that consumed acidifi ers more intensively used nutrients feed for deposition in the body of the components of the carcass, which affected the production. A positive impact of acidifying agents Aquasafe and Veleguard on meat quality in broiler chickens has been found.

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Effects of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Polysaccharide on Growth Performance and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1089038/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hosameldeen Mohamed Husien ◽

JunJie Huang ◽

WeiLong Peng ◽

ShuMei Zheng ◽

JinGui Li

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

The Body ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Tnf Α

Abstract Moringa oleifera (MO) is a widely used as the nutritious and non-traditional feed supplementation containing kinds of bioactive substances. However, the enhancement effect of Moringa oleifera leaf Polysaccharide (MOLP) as a feed additive in broilers growth performance and immunity remains unclear. In this study, MOLP was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, then purified with Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) assay. Chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups, to receive different doses of MOLP (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4g/kg) in feed for 3 weeks. The body weight gain (BWG) and feed consumption were recorded for feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) calculation. Broiler chickens were sacrificed and sampled on day 14, 21, 28 (D 14, D 21, and D 28) respectively. Serological indicators, including total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLO), and creatinine (CREA) were detected. ELISA kits were applied for detecting the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). From D 21 to D 28, the results showed that middle dose of MOLP significantly increased BWG and ADFI as well as liver and bursa indexes when compared with the control group. In addition, TP and GLO were also increased (P<0.05). All MOLP treatments enhanced the serum concentrations of IgG and IL-2 (P<0.01). Furthermore, results of quantitative RT-PCR showed that high dose of MOLP treatment significantly increased (P<0.001) the mRNA expression levels of IL-2 and TNF-α of chickens relative to the control group. In conclusion, the results showed that MOLP supplementation contributed to improve growth performance and immune response in broiler chickens, and MOLP could be considered as a promising feed additive.

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BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SILICON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON BROILER CHICKEN

Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy ◽

10.12737/37342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 63-71

Author(s):

Vladimir Nikulin ◽

Aleksandra Mustafina

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Total Protein ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Silicon Oxide ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

The Third ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of the study is to increase the productive qualities of broiler chickens by including ultrafine silicon oxide into main diet. During the experiment, the biological effect of ultrafine silicon oxide on broiler chickens was estab-lished. Use of ultrafine SiO2 particles for poultry feeding contributed to an increase in the number of red blood cells and content of total protein and albumins. By the end of the experiment, the number of red blood cells in birds in-creased by 17.43% (P≤0.001) – in the blood of birds of the first experimental group, 16.51% (P≤0.01) – the second one, 20.80% (P≤0.001) – the third experimental and 21.71% (P≤0.001) – the fourth experimental group, compared with the indicator of the control group. The amount of total protein in blood serum of chickens of the first and the second experimental groups increased by 1.36-1.39 %, in the third and fourth ones there was a significant (P≤0.05) increase by 5.45 and 3.05%, respectively. The blood glucose content of chickens in the experimental groups is higher by 8.04-23.65% compared to this indicator with ones in the control group. During the experiment feed con-sumption per 1 kg gain of live weight decreased: in the first experimental group by 3.00 % in the second by – 0.50 %, the third – 6.00 % the fourth– by 4.50 %, compared to this with the control group. The chicken’s vibrancy of the first the experimental group was higher by 4.77 %, the second – by 6.20 %, the third – by 19.25 % and the fourth– by 11.59% than in the control one. Consequently, when converting the feed energy into the body energy of a broiler chicken, the energy conversion coefficient of the experimental group of poultry is higher than that of the control one by 7.16-21.76 %. Thus, the most optimal dose for further research was determined.

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THE USE OF BIOSTIMULANT FOR INCREASING THE BODY WEIGHT GAIN OF CHICKENS

Periódico Tchê Química ◽

10.52571/ptq.v17.n35.2020.68_dolinin_pgs_800_812.pdf ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (35) ◽

pp. 800-812

Author(s):

Ilgiz DOLININ ◽

George BAZEKIN ◽

Evgeny SKOVORODIN ◽

Almaz SHARIPOV ◽

Ivan CHUDOV

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

The Body ◽

New Drugs ◽

Natural Resistance ◽

Control Group ◽

Immunological Parameters

Poultry farming holds a special place in ensuring the products that the consumers demand, it provides the population with essential food products,such as eggs and meat,that contain vital micro and macronutrients, proteins, lipids, and vitamins. Therefore, the issues of rational, economically feasible feeding of meat poultry, namely broiler chickens, are an urgent task. It is also essential to find effective methods of their application in order to correct the natural resistance and immune and biological reactivity of birds. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of the biological stimulant-Nucleostim on the growth and development of chickens, hematological, and immunological parameters of the blood of birds.This Biostimulant is a purified bovine spleen extract containing at least 1 mg / ml of low molecular weight peptides (nucleotides and nucleosides) formed as a result of autolysis, using dry whey and diatomite as fillers. Onthe application ofNucleostim, the gain in live weight of chickens was increased by 9.7%. At the end of the experiment, the livability of the chicks of the experimental group treated with Nucleostimcame up to 88%, compared with the 72% of the control group. The use of biostimulant had a stimulating effect on the liver of chickens confirmed by the research results presented in the article, as well as contributed to the development of the thymus in the setting of general dystrophy. Thus, it improved chicklivability and increased body weight gain. The biological stimulant-Nucleostim as an adaptogenic, anabolic, and immunostimulatory agent is promising for finding new drugs that improve the health and productivity of poultry.

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Dynamics of individual indicators of protein metabolism in the body of broiler chickens on the background of combined stress when included in the diet “Reasil Humic Vet” + “Laktin” and “Reasil Humic Health”

Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.32718/ujvas3-2.07 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 42-46

Author(s):

V. G. Stoyanovskyy ◽

M. O. Shevchuk ◽

I. A. Kolomiiets ◽

V. A. Kolotnytskyy

Keyword(s):

Total Protein ◽

Protein Metabolism ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Stress Factor ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Total Protein Content ◽

Combined Stress ◽

Stages Of Development ◽

Γ Globulins

The body of broiler chickens is characterized by a high metabolism, which promotes rapid growth and development, but their performance indicators are largely related to housing conditions, which are known to include a number of technological stressors. With the development of stress in the body of poultry changes the course of metabolic processes, which causes changes in all types of metabolism, including protein. The aim of the study was to determine the changes in individual indicators of protein metabolism in the body of broiler chickens against the background of combined stress when included in the diet “Reasil Humic Vet” + “Laktin” and “Reasil Humic Health”. At 13th day of life, all clinically healthy poultry were exposed to combined stress – revaccination (intranasal Newcastle disease) plus cold stress (for 60 minutes by air conditioning and 5 °C in the vivarium). Material for research was selected for 3 days after the action of the stress factor (stage of anxiety), 13, 20 and 26 days after the action of the stress factor (the resistance stage). The material for the study was blood plasma, which determined the concentration of total protein, as well as the content of albumin, globulin fraction (α1, α2, β, γ). It was found that 3 days after the action of stress in chickens of Control group the development of adaptive reactions is manifested by the stability of the total protein content and redistribution of the fractional composition of plasma globulins in the form of increased albumin and α2-globulins. At different stages of development of the stage of resistance in birds of Control group, the content of total protein decreases by an average of 14.6 % due to the content of albumin by 6.9 % and α2-globulins – by 15.9 %, against the background of increasing α1- and γ-globulins by 23.1 and 33.5 % with the stabilization of individual studied indicators at the final stages of development of the resistance stage. The use in the diet of broilers feed “Reasil Humic Vet”, probiotic feed supplement “Laktin”, feed “Reasil Humic Health” under the influence of complex stress helps to increase the intensity of protein metabolism in poultry with the development of adaptation syndrome, as evidenced by the growth of total protein on average by 37.8 % (P < 0.05) and albumin – by 17.0 % (P < 0.05), which indicates an increase in the intensity of protein-synthesizing properties of the organism. In different periods of stress in the blood of broiler chickens Research groups there is an increase in the ratio of individual protein fractions, especially the content of γ-globulins - an average of 21.3 % (P < 0.05), which indicates an increase in the immune status of their body with a predominance of numerical values in the Research 1 group of poultry.

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A Comprehensive Toxicological Assessment of Fulvic Acid

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/8899244 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Chongshan Dai ◽

Xilong Xiao ◽

Yonglei Yuan ◽

Gaurav Sharma ◽

Shusheng Tang

Keyword(s):

Oral Administration ◽

Fulvic Acid ◽

Clinical Chemistry ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Micronucleus Assay ◽

The Body ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Control Group ◽

Toxicological Studies

Fulvic acid (FA), a humic substance, has several nutraceutical properties, including anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, and immune regulation abilities. However, systematic safety assessment remains insufficient. In the present study, a battery of toxicological studies was conducted per internationally accepted standards to investigate the genotoxicity and repeated-dose oral toxicity of FA. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats or ICR mice were used. Compared to the control group, there were no significant changes (all p > 0.05 ) in all FA treatment groups in the bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test, in vivo sperm shape abnormality assay, and in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. The acute toxicity test showed that no mortality or toxic effect was observed following oral administration of the maximum dose of 5,000 mg/kg BW/day to mice or rats. A 60-day subchronic study was conducted at 0 (control), 200, 1,000, and 5,000 mg/kg/day. Compared to the control group, there were no significant changes (all p > 0.05 ) in the body weights, feed consumption, clinical signs, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights, or histopathology examinations. In conclusion, the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of FA supplementation from the 60-day study was determined to be 5,000 mg/kg body weight/day, the highest dose tested. Our findings suggest that the oral administration of FA may have higher safety.

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Comparative effects of powder, aqueous and methanolic extracts of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) on growth performance, antioxidant status, abdominal fat deposition and plasma lipids in broiler chickens

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an17352 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mahmood Habibian ◽

Ghorbanali Sadeghi ◽

Ahmad Karimi

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Control Group ◽

Dietary Treatments

This study was performed to evaluate the comparative effects of dietary supplementation of dried purslane powder (PP), purslane aqueous extract (PAE) and purslane methanolic extract (PME) on performance, antioxidant status, carcass traits and selected plasma lipid parameters in broiler chickens. In total, 420 1-day-old male broiler chicks were divided into seven treatments for 49 days as follows: control (basal diet), basal diets plus 1500 or 3000 mg/kg of PP (PP1500 and PP3000 respectively), basal diets plus 150 or 300 mg/kg of PAE (PAE150 and PAE300 respectively) and basal diets plus 150 or 300 mg/kg of PME (PME150 and PME300 respectively). During the total period of the experiment (0–49 days of the experiment), birds receiving the PP3000 diet had higher (P < 0.05) bodyweight gain and a lower feed conversion ratio compared with those fed other diets. At 24 and 49 days of the experiment, birds receiving the PP3000 diet showed greater (P < 0.05) plasma and liver activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lower (P < 0.05) plasma and liver levels of malondialdehyde compared with other dietary treatments. Additionally, at 24 days of the experiment, birds receiving the PP3000 diet had a greater (P < 0.05) liver catalase activity than those receiving other dietary treatments. In addition, groups receiving the PP1500, PAE300 or PME300 diets showed greater (P < 0.05) plasma and liver activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as lower (P < 0.05) plasma and liver levels of malondialdehyde compared with the control group. At 24 days of the experiment, birds receiving the PP1500 or PP3000 diets showed greater (P < 0.05) jejunal activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase than other groups. At 49 days of the experiment, birds receiving the PP3000 diet showed greater (P < 0.05) jejunal activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase compared with the control group. Additionally, at both 24 and 49 days of the experiment, groups receiving the PP3000 diet had lower (P < 0.05) jejunal levels of malondialdehyde compared with the control group. At 49 days of the experiment, birds receiving the PP3000 diet had a lower (P < 0.05) relative weight of abdominal fat compared with those receiving the other dietary treatments. Moreover, groups that consumed the PP1500, PAE300 or PME300 diets showed lower (P < 0.05) relative weights of abdominal fat compared with the control group. Groups fed PP, PAE or PME treatments showed lower (P < 0.05) plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher (P < 0.05) plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than the control group at 24 and 49 days of the experiment, with the most pronounced effects observed in those receiving the PP3000 treatment. In conclusion, PP showed more beneficial effects than PAE and PME, and 3000 mg/kg was the best inclusion level of PP in broiler chicken diets.

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Protective Effects of Millettia Pulchra Flavonoids on Myocardial Ischemia In Vitro and In Vivo

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000369716 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 516-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jianchun Huang ◽

Xudong Zhang ◽

Feizhang Qin ◽

Yingxin Li ◽

Xiaoqun Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Myocardial Ischemia ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Control Group ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Bax Protein ◽

Oxide Synthase

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that Millettia pulchra flavonoids (MPF) exhibit protective effects on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MI/RI) in isolated rat hearts and show anti-oxidative, anti-hypoxic and anti-stress properties. Methods: In this study, the cardioprotective effects of MPF on myocardial ischemia and its underlying mechanisms were investigated by a hypoxia/ reoxygenation (H/R) injury model in vitro and a rat MI/RI model in vivo. Results: We found that the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activities were decreased in the MPF pretreatment group, whereas the activities of constructional nitric oxide synthase (cNOS), total nitric oxide synthase (tNOS), Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase were significantly increased. In addition, the cardiocytes were denser in the MPF groups than in the control group. The mortality rate and apoptosis rate of cardiocytes were significantly decreased. Furthermore, pretreatment with MPF in vivo significantly improved the hemodynamics, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) abundance, increased the activities of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreased the expression of the Bax protein and ratio Bax/Bc1-2 ration. Conclusions: These results suggest that MPF is an attractive protective substance in myocardial ischemia due to its negative effects on heart rate and ionotropy, reduction of myocardial oxidative damage and modulation of gene expression associated with apoptosis.

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Role of oxidative stress in hearing impairment in patients with type two diabetes mellitus

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215109004502 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 123 (9) ◽

pp. 957-963 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

İ Aladag ◽

A Eyibilen ◽

M Güven ◽

Ö Atış ◽

Ü Erkokmaz

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Nitric Oxide ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Hearing Impairment ◽

Protein Oxidation ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetic

AbstractObjective:Although many clinical investigations have found a relationship between hearing loss and diabetes mellitus, the pathophysiology of this effect remains controversial. To date, the mechanisms of hearing loss in diabetic patients have been explained in terms of microangiopathy, neuropathy and encephalopathy. However, many reports indicate that some diabetic complications are associated with oxidative stress related to the diabetes itself. In the present study, we hypothesised that oxidative stress may be a cause of hearing loss in diabetic patients.Methods:The study group comprised non-insulin dependent diabetic patients with no signs of microangiopathy or peripheral neuropathy. The control group comprised sex-, age- and body weight matched, non-diabetic subjects. Auditory function was evaluated using pure tone audiometry and tympanometry. Subjects with normal hearing and sensorineural hearing loss were included in the study, whereas subjects with conductive hearing loss were excluded. Both the study group (n = 63) and the control group (n = 37) were divided into subgroups based on the presence and absence of hearing loss. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring serum indicators of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, serum levels of nitric oxide and various non-enzymatic antioxidants, and the activity of various enzymatic antioxidants.Results:The non-insulin dependent diabetic patients had significantly higher serum levels of protein oxidation products, nitric oxide, enzymatic antioxidant activity (i.e. glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase), compared with the control group (p < 0.05). When we compared the groups in relation to the presence of hearing loss, the nitric oxide level was significantly increased in the diabetic group with good hearing, compared with diabetic patients with hearing loss (p = 0.014). In the diabetic group, a clear, negative correlation was observed between serum levels of nitric oxide and vitamins C and E, and hearing impairment (r = −0.395,r = −0.318,r = −0.500, respectively). There was also a positive correlation between serum vitamin C concentrations and hearing levels in the control group (r = 0.417).Conclusion:These results suggest that oxidative stress may play an important role in hearing impairment in diabetic patients. In this process, increased protein oxidation appears to be more important than lipid peroxidation. Nitric oxide may have a protective effect on hearing, as may some nonenzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C and E.

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