scholarly journals An Investigation on the Cases of Bitten by Animals in Yazd City

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
Jamshid Ayatollahi ◽  
◽  
Seyed Alireza Mousavi ◽  
Sina Dehghani Tafti ◽  
Seyed Hossein Shahcheraghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Prevention Center ◽  
Yazd City ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Rabies Prevention

Common diseases between humans and animals are an important public health priority. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of animal bite referring to rabies prevention centers in Yazd University of Medical Sciences in 2018. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. All cases of animal bite were examined in the rabies prevention center of Yazd city during 2018. Demographic and epidemiological data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software. The results of the study show that 1,750 cases of bite occurred in adolescents and males. In this study, the most common bite was in the age group of 15 to 19 (33.3%) in terms of age distribution. The most common animal was bitten by cats in urban areas. According to the bite season, the highest bite in this study was summer and the lowest in spring. Given the high incidence of bite in the province, it is recommended to plan for educational and care activities to reduce the incidence of bite

scholarly journals Awareness about harmful effects of cigarette smoking among adolescents in Shamirpet mandal, Hyderabad

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
M. Pavani Varma ◽  
K. S. V. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Local Setting ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Harmful Effects

Background: Tobacco smoking is habit which usually begins in the adolescent age. It is a risk factor for many non-communicable diseases and mortality can be prevented if smoking is quit.Methods: It is a cross sectional study.2 schools were randomly selected from urban and rural areas in field practice area of Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences. A GYTS questionnaire is modified to local setting and administered to the students.Results: A total of 367 students were enrolled. The level of awareness regarding harmful effects of tobacco consumption was good. It was 98.85% in urban areas and 94.84% in rural areas.Conclusions: As adolescent is the age of habit forming identification of the problem and correcting it at early stage itself will be beneficial for individuals, family and society. 

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study and Spatial Modeling of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Bushehr Province Using the Geographic Information System (GIS) from 2011 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Dehghani ◽  
Mohamad Hasan Lotfi ◽  
Hossein Falahzadeh ◽  
Katayon Vahdat ◽  
Zahra Shabani
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction: It is generally accepted that cutaneous leishmaniasis is considered as an important health problem all over the world which is caused by leishmaniasis protozoan. This disease is also known as a health problem in some regions of Iran including Bushehr province. The present study investigated the geographical dispersion and the epidemiological characteristics of subjects with the cutaneous leishmaniasis in this province from 2011 to 2015. Method: In this cross-sectional and analytical study, the epidemiologic data including the age, gender, residential area, and counties with this disease was analyzed and collected from 663 patients who were followed up and treated from 2011 to 2015. Results: 422 (63.7%) of studied people were residents of urban areas and 241 (36.3%) lived in rural areas. 59.4% (394 people) were male and 40.6% (269) were female. The mean age of the subjects was 21.91± 17.01 (ranging from 1 to 80). Kangan County with an average 5-year incidence of 17.72 per a hundred thousand people had the highest incidence, but Tangestan County with the incidence of 8.47 per a hundred thousand people had the lowest average incidence. Based on GIS results, Jam County, which was not recognized as the focus of this disease in the past, has been considered as a new focus of disease in recent years. Conclusion: The geographic information system (GIS) is regarded as an effective tool for the organization of diseases and health data. The crisis can be identified and controlled by taking proper measures with the discovery of spatial accumulation of diseases.

scholarly journals Effective Control of COVID-19 in South Korea: Cross-Sectional Study of Epidemiological Data

10.2196/22103 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. e22103
Author(s):  
Gwang Hun Jeong ◽  
Hyo Jeong Lee ◽  
Jinhee Lee ◽  
Jun Young Lee ◽  
Keum Hwa Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background South Korea is one of the few countries that has succeeded in flattening the curve of new COVID-19 cases and avoiding a second outbreak by implementing multiple strategies, ranging from an individual level to the population level. Objective We aim to discuss the unique strategies and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in South Korea and present a summary of policies implemented by the Korean government during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We designed a cross-sectional study of epidemiological data published by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on October 1, 2020. We analyzed detailed epidemiological information of COVID-19 cases, including the number of confirmed cases and resulting deaths. Results As of October 1, 2020, a total of 23,889 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 415 deaths were reported in South Korea. In this paper, we present data on the epidemiological characteristics and transmission of the disease and discuss how the South Korean government, health care providers, and society responded to the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusions Understanding the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in South Korea and the government’s successful efforts in managing the spread of the disease can provide important insights to other countries dealing with the ongoing pandemic.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with and without symptoms seeking care in Managua, Nicaragua: results of a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e051836
Author(s):  
Jorge A Huete-Pérez ◽  
Kacey C Ernst ◽  
Cristiana Cabezas-Robelo ◽  
Lucia Páiz-Medina ◽  
Sheyla Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence

ObjectiveThis study aimed to capture key epidemiological data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nicaraguan children (≤18 years) seeking medical care, between 6 October and 16 November 2020.DesignIn this cross-sectional study, 418 children were recruited: 319 with symptoms characteristic of COVID-19 and 99 with no symptoms of illness. Children were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. A questionnaire was employed to identify symptoms, risk factors, comorbidities and COVID-19 prevention measures.SettingResearch was carried out in four hospitals and two clinics in Managua, Nicaragua, where schools and businesses remained open throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.ParticipantsChildren were enrolled into a possible COVID-19 group if presenting with clinical symptoms. A comparison group included children lacking any COVID-19 symptoms attending routine check-ups or seeking care for issues unrelated to COVID-19.ResultsA high prevalence (43%) of SARS-CoV-2 infection was found, which was relatively equivalent in symptomatic and non-symptomatic children. Age distribution was similar between symptomatic and non-symptomatic children testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Symptomatic children who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were 2.7 times more likely to have diarrhoea (26.7% in positive vs 12.0% in negative; OR=2.7 (95% CI 1.5 to 4.8), p=0.001) and were 2.0 times more likely to have myalgia (17.8% in positive vs 9.8% in negative; OR=2.0 (95% CI 1.0 to 3.8), p=0.04). Children with COVID-19 symptoms, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, were more likely to be under age 5 years and to have a pre-existing comorbid condition than children who tested positive but did not have symptoms.ConclusionsThis is the first paediatric study to provide laboratory-confirmed data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nicaragua, crucial for paediatric health services planning and a successful COVID-19 response. The high prevalence of the virus suggests widespread and sustained community transmission, underscoring the urgent need for robust data on the true extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection throughout Nicaragua.

Prevalence of common phobias and their socio-demographic correlates in children and adolescents in a traditional developing society

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 268-268
Author(s):  
A. Bener
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Demographic Correlates

BackgroundEpidemiological data indicate that anxiety disorders are the most common childhood disorders and phobias are the most common form of anxiety disorders.AimTo identify the most common phobias in children and adolescents and to determine the prevalence, age distribution, and socio-demographic correlates of phobias.DesignA cross sectional studySettingPublic and Private schools of the Ministry of Education, State of QatarSubjectsA total of 2188 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years were approached and 1703 (77.8%) students participated in this study.MethodsThe questionnaire included socio-demographic information, extra curricular activities and hobbies, behaviour at home and various phobic fears. Psychiatrists determined the definitive diagnosis for various phobias by checking and screening their symptoms.ResultsOf the studied subjects, 44% were males and 56% were females. The overall prevalence of phobia in children and adolescents was 19.7%. Among children with phobia, females had higher rates of phobias (62.4% vs 37.6%) than males. Social phobia (12.7%) was the commonest phobia found followed by Agoraphobia (8.6%). Secondary school children were highly afflicted with social phobia (14.9%), agoraphobia (11.7%) and specific phobia (9.6%), while preparatory students (8.3%) were more likely to have’medical’ phobia (fear of physical illness, medical tests and procedures). A significant difference was observed between the age groups in children with agoraphobia (p = 0.002).ConclusionThe overall prevalence of phobia in children and adolescents in Qatar was higher, with the most common phobias observed being social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobia.

scholarly journals The animal bites cases in Meybod and Ardakan cities of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-111
Author(s):  
Jamshid Ayatollahi ◽  
◽  
Fatemeh Behnaz ◽  
Nasim Dehghani Firuzabadi ◽  
Mahdie Hamidfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Animal Bites ◽  
Prevention Center ◽  
Rabies Prevention ◽  
Epidemiological Information

Rabies is one of the most common diseases between humans and animals and is an important public health priority. This study was performed to investigate the epidemiological features of animal bites referred to rabies prevention centers in Meybod and Ardakan towns (Iran) in 2018 and 2019. The present research was a cross-sectional descriptive study. All cases of animal bites registered in the rabies prevention center of Meybod and Ardakan cities during 2018 and 2019 were investigated. The data was analyzed for demographic and epidemiological information using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Finally, was analyzed by SPSS version 20. The results of the study showed that 848 cases of animal bites have occurred in two cities, which is more common in adolescents and males. The most common animals causing bite were cats and dogs in these areas. Because of the large number of animal bites in the mentioned cities, the need for planning for educational and care activities to reduce the cases of bites is recommended

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile of Hemophilia in Baghdad-Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 004695801984528
Author(s):  
Kamal Abdul Razzaq Kadhim ◽  
Faris Hasan Al-Lami ◽  
Kadhim Hussein Baldawi
Keyword(s):  
Population Data ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder that mainly affects males. Globally, there are about 400 000 people with hemophilia and only 25% of them receive adequate treatment. There is insufficient epidemiological data on hemophilia in Iraq; so, this study was conducted to determine the trend of the prevalence and incidence and to identify certain clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with hemophilia in Baghdad, Iraq, 2016. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the 4 hemophilia centers in Baghdad. The data were compiled by reviewing all hemophilia patients’ records and the centers’ registry books between 2007 and 2016. Corresponding population data of Baghdad were obtained from the Ministry of Health. The total number of currently registered patients who are residents of Baghdad was 654. The prevalence of hemophilia increased from 7.2/100 000 males in 2007 to 15.9/100 000 males in 2016. Similarly, the incidence of hemophilia had increased from 8.4/100 000 livebirths in 2007 to 16.3/100 000 livebirths in 2016. Severe hemophilia represented 63.4% of all types. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and HIV infections were 22.9%, 0.9%, and 0.2%, respectively. Clotting factor inhibitors were positive in 11.6% and target joints were found among 45.1% of patients. About 27% were on prophylactic therapy. Only one death was recorded in 2016. The prevalence and incidence of hemophilia in Baghdad was doubled in 10-year period. The prevalence of different complications was almost close to the rates in the neighboring countries.

scholarly journals “Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Cryptosporidium: a cross-sectional study conducted throughout Thailand”

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rapeepun Prasertbun ◽  
Hirotake Mori ◽  
Yaowalark Sukthana ◽  
Supaluk Popruk ◽  
Teera Kusolsuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. are prevalent zoonotic parasites associated with a high burden among children. To date only limited molecular epidemiological data on E. bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. in humans living in Thailand has been published. Methods PCR-based tools were used to detect and characterize E. bieneusi and Cryptosporidium spp. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene was used to investigate E. bieneusi, and the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was used to investigate Cryptosporidium spp., and 697 fecal samples from villagers and school children in rural areas in Thailand were analyzed. Results The infection rates were 2.15% (15/697) for E. bieneusi and 0.14% (1/697) for Cryptosporidium spp. The prevalence of E. bieneusi was significantly high in Loei province. Sequence analysis indicated that the Cryptosporidium isolate was C. parvum. Nine E. bieneusi genotypes were identified, EbpC, Peru12, TMH6, TMH3, TMH7, H, D, and two novel genotypes TMLH1 and TMLH2. E. bieneusi prevalence was significantly higher in male participants than in female participants, and in children aged 3–15 years than in participants aged > 15 years. Conclusions The prevalence, genotypes, and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi were found to vary significantly high even in one country. Transmission routes and key animal carriers of E. bieneusi may be associated with differences in hygiene, sanitation, and cultural behaviors. Further molecular studies including longitudinal studies will be required to unveil epidemiological characteristics of these opportunistic intestinal protozoa in all over the countries.

scholarly journals Accidents in Children under 5 Years in Yazd Province, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Dehghani ◽  
Sadegh Kazemi ◽  
Samaneh Mirzaei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Sadeghian
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under 5 ◽  
At Home

Introduction:Accidents are one of the most important causes of injury and death across the world, including Iran. The epidemiological data play a key role in taking effective strategic decisions for their prevention and control. This study was conducted to determine the Frequency of different types of accidents in children aged under 5 years living in Yazd province, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data on 2489 children under 5 years referred to hospitals in Yazd province were collected from March, 2015 to March, 2016, using the accidents registration forms and the related software. Chi-square test was incorporated to analyze the results using SPSS version 19. Results: The frequency of accidents in boys was 1460 (58.7%) and in girls 1029 (41.3%). Accidents occurred most frequently in April-May (n: 245, 9.8%) and the winter (n: 693, 27.8%). 93.3% of accidents occurred in the urban areas, 4.4% in the rural areas and 2.3% in outside the city and the villages. The total  number of accidents at home was 1743 (70%) and in the alleys and on the streets 495 (19%), the most frequent accident was falling (n: 743, 29.9%), followed by burns (n: 543, 21.8%) and  trauma (n: 495, 19.9%). The difference in the type of accident between different age groups was significant (P< 0.001). Conclusion: The comparatively higher frequency of falling, burn, trauma, as well as the accidents at home and in the winter indicate parents’ insufficient attention to home safety standards and their lack of adequate information about protection of children under5 years against the most common accidents of this age group. Planning for and intervention in these areas might help in reducing the accidents.

scholarly journals Correlation between Religiosity and Nutritional Behavior in Students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameneh Marzban ◽  
Azadeh Nadjarzadeh ◽  
Elham Karimi-Nazari ◽  
Mehran Barzegaran
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Behavior ◽  
Religious Attitude ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Yazd City

Background: Today, bad and harmful nutritional behavior is one of the most important and common nutritional problems of young people. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between religiosity and nutritional behavior in students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd City, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 310 students in the academic year 2017-2018 by stratified sampling method. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaire, Serajzadeh religiosity measures, and nutritional behavior questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed a positive and significant correlation between religious attitude and nutritional behavior of students (P = 0.01, R = 0.78). Furthermore, religious attitude had a significant relationship with educational level and school of study. Moreover, a significant relationship was found between gender and nutritional behavior of students. Conclusion: Regarding the correlation between religiosity and nutritional behavior, the authorities are recommended to hold Islamic nutrition workshops in order to improve nutritional behavior of the students.

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