scholarly journals A model for the relationship between plant biomass and photosynthetic rate based on nutrient effects

Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han‐Jian Hu ◽  
Kang Xu ◽  
Ling‐Chao He ◽  
Gen‐Xuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Effects ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Relationships between resource availability and elevation vary between metrics creating gradients of nutritional complexity

Oecologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-223
Author(s):  
Mark A. Lee ◽  
Grace Burger ◽  
Emma R. Green ◽  
Pepijn W. Kooij
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Animal Community ◽  
Nutritional Chemistry ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPlant and animal community composition changes at higher elevations on mountains. Plant and animal species richness generally declines with elevation, but the shape of the relationship differs between taxa. There are several proposed mechanisms, including the productivity hypotheses; that declines in available plant biomass confers fewer resources to consumers, thus supporting fewer species. We investigated resource availability as we ascended three aspects of Helvellyn mountain, UK, measuring several plant nutritive metrics, plant species richness and biomass. We observed a linear decline in plant species richness as we ascended the mountain but there was a unimodal relationship between plant biomass and elevation. Generally, the highest biomass values at mid-elevations were associated with the lowest nutritive values, except mineral contents which declined with elevation. Intra-specific and inter-specific increases in nutritive values nearer the top and bottom of the mountain indicated that physiological, phenological and compositional mechanisms may have played a role. The shape of the relationship between resource availability and elevation was different depending on the metric. Many consumers actively select or avoid plants based on their nutritive values and the abundances of consumer taxa vary in their relationships with elevation. Consideration of multiple nutritive metrics and of the nutritional requirements of the consumer may provide a greater understanding of changes to plant and animal communities at higher elevations. We propose a novel hypothesis for explaining elevational diversity gradients, which warrants further study; the ‘nutritional complexity hypothesis’, where consumer species coexist due to greater variation in the nutritional chemistry of plants.

scholarly journals Soil Nutrient and Vegetation Diversity Patterns of Alpine Wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6221
Author(s):  
Muyuan Ma ◽  
Yaojun Zhu ◽  
Yuanyun Wei ◽  
Nana Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Vegetation Biomass ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Relationship

To predict the consequences of environmental change on the biodiversity of alpine wetlands, it is necessary to understand the relationship between soil properties and vegetation biodiversity. In this study, we investigated spatial patterns of aboveground vegetation biomass, cover, species diversity, and their relationships with soil properties in the alpine wetlands of the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Furthermore, the relative contribution of soil properties to vegetation biomass, cover, and species diversity were compared using principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis. Generally, the relationship between plant biomass, coverage, diversity, and soil nutrients was linear or unimodal. Soil pH, bulk density and organic carbon were also significantly correlated to plant diversity. The soil attributes differed in their relative contribution to changes in plant productivity and diversity. pH had the highest contribution to vegetation biomass and species richness, while total nitrogen was the highest contributor to vegetation cover and nitrogen–phosphorus ratio (N:P) was the highest contributor to diversity. Both vegetation productivity and diversity were closely related to soil properties, and soil pH and the N:P ratio play particularly important roles in wetland vegetation biomass, cover, and diversity.

Effects of Clone and Irrigation on the Stomatal Conductance and Photosynthetic Rate of Tea (Camellia sinensis)

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gail Smith ◽  
Paul J. Burgess ◽  
M. K. V. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Temperature Optimum ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Clone Selection ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryStomatal conductances (g) and photosynthetic rates (A) were monitored in six tea clones planted in a clone X irrigation experiment in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Measurements were made during the warm dry seasons of 1989 and 1990. There was no genotype X treatment interaction in the response in A or g of the various clones to irrigation. Irrigation increased A more than it increased g. Irrigation also increased the temperature optimum for photosynthesis and decreased photo-inhibition at high illuminance. Clones differed in g and A, and in the relationship between leaf temperature and A. The implications of these findings for clone selection are discussed.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Phenolics and Flavonoids Production with Total Non Structural Carbohydrate and Photosynthetic Rate in Labisia pumila Benth. under High CO2 and Nitrogen Fertilization

Molecules ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim ◽  
Hawa Z.E. Jaafar ◽  
Asmah Rahmat ◽  
Zaharah Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Labisia Pumila ◽  
The Relationship

Is reproductive allocation in Senecio vulgaris plastic?

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Weiner ◽  
Lars Rosenmeier ◽  
Emma Soy Massoni ◽  
Josep Nogués Vera ◽  
Eva Hernández Plaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Reproductive Allocation ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
The Relationship

Several purported cases of plasticity in plant allocation patterns appear to be the effects of size and allometric growth (“apparent plasticity”). To ask whether there is true plasticity (i.e., a change in the allometric trajectory) in reproductive allocation in Senecio vulgaris  L., we grew S. vulgaris plants at high and low levels of water, nutrients, and competition, and analyzed the relationship between vegetative and seed biomass. Plant size was the major determinant of reproductive output, accounting for 83% of the variation in log (seed mass). There were also significant effects of the treatments that were not due to size, accounting for an additional 9% of the variation. The treatments affected the allometric coefficient (intercept), not the allometric exponent (slope) of the relationship, reflecting a small but significant shift in the efficiency of conversion of total plant biomass into reproductive biomass. In a second experiment, we grew S. vulgaris plants at three nutrient levels and allowed all individuals to complete their life cycles. Again, nutrient level had a small but significant effect on the allometric coefficient. Plasticity in reproductive allocation exists, but is very limited. The primary effects of the environment on the reproductive output of S. vulgaris occur via plant size.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT AND RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN SOYBEANS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. BUTTERY ◽  
R. I. BUZZELL
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Photosynthetic rate of soybeans (on a leaf area basis, PA) estimated from the incorporation of 14CO2 under field conditions was highly correlated with chlorophyll content of the side leaflets of the same leaves. Among a collection of 48 cultivars, the linear regression of PA on chlorophyll content accounted for 44% of the variation, whereas with a selection of genotypes with various mutant chlorophyll genes, the regression accounted for 81%. When the data for the two tests were re-calculated relative to the check cv. Altona, a quadratic equation between PA and chlorophyll accounted for nearly 90% of the variation. When photosynthetic rate was expressed on a unit chlorophyll basis (Pc), no significant differences among lines were established in the cultivar test. In the mutants test, significant differences in Pc were established with higher values of Pc associated with lower chlorophyll contents; a linear regression accounted for 45% of the variation. Transformation of the data from both experiments relative to Altona allowed the fitting of a common regression line (quadratic) which accounted for 63% of the variation. We suggest that initial screening of progenies in a breeding program for high photosynthetic rate could be done by measuring chlorophyll content.

Southern Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) Affects Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Interference with Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Webster ◽  
Richard F. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode ◽  
The Relationship

Southern Root-Knot nematode and common cocklebur interfere with cotton growth and yield. A greater understanding of the interaction of these pests with cotton growth and yield is needed for effective integrated pest management (IPM). An additive design was used in outdoor microplots with five common cocklebur densities (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 plants per plot) growing in competition with cotton, with and without the presence of southern Root-Knot nematode. Differences in cotton height could not be detected among common cocklebur densities or nematode presence at 3 wk after transplanting (WAT); however, differences in crop height were observed at 5 WAT between nematode treatments. In the absence of nematodes, the relationship between cotton yield loss and common cocklebur density was described by a rectangular hyperbolic regression model (P < 0.0001). Maximum yield loss from common cocklebur in the absence of nematodes exceeded 80%. In the presence of nematodes, there was a linear relationship between cotton yield loss and common cocklebur density (P = 0.0506). The presence of nematodes at each common cocklebur density increased cotton yield loss 15 to 35%. Common cocklebur plant biomass was 25% greater in nematode treatments, likely because of the reduced competitiveness of the cotton plants in these plots. This study demonstrates that multiple pests can interact to cause an additive reduction in crop yield.

scholarly journals Differential Morphophysiological and Biochemical Responses of Cotton Genotypes Under Various Salinity Stress Levels During Early Growth Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wajeeha Munawar ◽  
Amjad Hameed ◽  
Muhammad Khashif Riaz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Cotton Genotypes ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Cotton is a primary agriculture product important for fiber use in textiles and the second major oil seed crop. Cotton is considered as moderately tolerant to salt stress with salinity threshold of 7.7 dS/m at seedling stage. Salinity causes reduction in the growth of seedlings and cotton production that limits fiber quality and cotton yield. In this study, initially, 22 cotton genotypes were screened for relative salt tolerance using germination test in Petri plates (growth chamber). Selected 11 genotypes were further tested in pot experiment (sand) with 0, 15, and 20 dS/m NaCl treatments under glass house conditions. At four-leaves stage, different morphological and physiological traits were measured for all genotypes while biochemical analysis was performed on selected seven highly tolerant and sensitive genotypes. NaCl treatment significantly reduced plant biomass in two genotypes IR-NIBGE-13 and BS-2018, while NIAB-135, NIAB-512, and GH-HADI had least difference in fresh weight between the control and NaCl-treated plants. Photosynthetic rate was maintained in all the genotypes with the exception of SITARA-16. In two sensitive genotypes (IR-NIBGE-13 and 6071/16), Na+ ion accumulated more in leaves as compared to K+ ion under stress conditions, and an increase in Na+/K+ ratio was also observed. The lesser accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher activity of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in stressed plants of NIAB-135, NIAB-512, and FH-152 indicated that these genotypes had adaption capacity for salinity stress in comparison with sensitive genotypes, i.e., IR-NIBGE-13 and 6071/16. The observed salt tolerance was corelated with plant biomass maintenance (morphological), photosynthetic rate, and ionic homeostasis (K+/Na+ ratio, physiological) and biochemical stress marker regulations. After a series of experiments, it was concluded that NIAB-135, NIAB-512, and FH-152 could be utilized in breeding programs aimed at improving salinity tolerance in cotton and can expand cotton cultivation in saline area.

A Simple Model of the Relationship Between Plant Density, Plant Biomass, and Time

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hardwick ◽  
D. J. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
The Relationship

Association between canopy reflectance indices and yield and physiological traits in bread wheat under drought and well-irrigated conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Gutiérrez-Rodríguez ◽  
Matthew Paul Reynolds ◽  
José Alberto Escalante-Estrada ◽  
María Teresa Rodríguez-González
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

Spectral reflectance (SR) indices [NDVI (R900 – R680/R900 + R680); GNDVI (R780 – R550/R780 + R550); and water index, WI (R900/R970)]; and 6 chlorophyll indices (R740/R720, NDI = R750 – R705/R750 + R705, R780 – R710/R780 – R680, R850 – R710/R850 – R680, mND = R750 – R705/R750 + R705 – 2R445, and mSR = R750 – R445/R705 – R445) were measured with a FieldSpec spectroradiometer (Analytical Spectral Devices, Boulder, CO) on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes adapted to irrigated and drought conditions to establish their relationship with yield in field-grown plots. Bread wheat genotypes from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) were used for this study in 3 experiments: 8 genotypes in a trial representing historical progress in yield potential, and 3 pairs of near-isolines for Lr19, both of which were grown under well-watered conditions; and the third experiment included 20 drought tolerant advanced genotypes grown under moisture stress. These were grown during the 2000 and 2001 spring cycles in a temperate, high radiation environment in Obregón, NW México. The 9 SR indices were determined during grain filling along with canopy temperature depression (CTD), flag leaf photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll estimates using a SPAD meter. The relationship of SR indices with grain yield and biomass fitted best with a linear model. NDVI and GNDVI showed positive relationships with grain yield and biomass under well-irrigated conditions (r = 0.35–0.92), whereas NDVI showed a stronger association with yield under drought conditions (r = 0.54). The 6 chlorophyll indices showed significant association with yield and biomass of wheat genotypes grown under well-irrigated conditions (r = 0.39–0.90). The association between chlorophyll indices and chlorophyll estimates was correlated (r = 0.38–0.92), as was the case for photosynthetic rate (r = 0.36–0.75). WI showed a significant relationship with grain yield in wheat genotypes grown under drought stress conditions (r = 0.60) as well as with grain yield and biomass under well-irrigated conditions (r = 0.52–0.91). The relationship between WI and CTD was significant (P ≤ 0.05) in both environments (r = 0.44–0.84). In conclusion, the SR showed potential for identifying higher-yielding genotypes in a breeding program under dry or irrigated conditions, as well as for estimating some physiological parameters.

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