War and children's aggressive and prosocial behaviour

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zora Raboteg‐šaric ◽  
Miomir Žužul ◽  
Gordana Keresteš
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behaviour Rating ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Children’S Behaviour ◽  
One Year

The aim of this study was to investigate whether, and how, extreme environmental influence, such as a war situation, can affect the development of children's aggressive and prosocial behaviour. A combined longitudinal–cross‐sectional design was used in the study. Subjects were preschool children whose behaviour was rated on the Children's Aggressive and Prosocial Behaviour Rating Scale (Žužul, Keresteš and Vlahović‐štetić, 1990) by their teachers. At the beginning of 1991 (before the war in Croatia started) the behaviour of two groups of children (one five years old and one six years old) was assessed. One year later, the younger group was assessed again. Another group of five‐year‐old children was also included and rated at the same time. Data were analysed according to age, sex and the time of measurements. The analyses of longitudinal data and cross‐sectional comparisons support the conclusion that the war had a strong impact on the development of prosocial behaviour. In this period, children's prosocial behaviour had increased, while aggressive behaviour had not changed. Results are discussed in terms of developmental changes and the effects of war on children's behaviour.

scholarly journals The Influence of Parenting Style towards Cooperative Levels in Children Aged 3-5 Years during Dental Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
A.S. Hajrah Yusuf ◽  
Nurhaedah Galib
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Authoritative Parenting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behaviour Management ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Behaviour Rating ◽  
Authoritative Parenting Style ◽  
Children’S Behaviour

AbstractObjective: Children’s behaviour management problems is considered to be the most frequent problems in paediatric dentistry. One of factors that affect response behaviour of children towards dental treatment is parenting style. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of parenting style towards cooperative levels in children aged 3-5 years during dental treatment.Material and Methods: The study was an observational analitical research with cross sectional research design. To obtain data in the field conducted by distributing Parenting Style and Dimention Questionare (PSDQ) and Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale to 130 respondents who currently make use of dental treatment in Hasanuddin University Dental Collage and Hospital.Results: Results showed that there are simultaneous effects of independent variables on the dependent variable with a sig < α (0,05), while the partial variables that most influence on patient cooperative variable is authoritarian with B Exponen of 8,370.Conclusion: There is a significant influence of parenting style towards cooperative levels in children aged 3-5 years during dental treatment. Parents with authoritative parenting style would made children cooperative eight times highest compared with other parenting style.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Level of Depression and Risk of Suicide in Elderly at Purwodadi, Grobogan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Rilla Fiftina Hadi ◽  
Titis Hadiati ◽  
Natalia Dewi Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract Background: According to WHO, the elderly people have physical and mental challenges, including depression. The incidence of depression lead to suicide on elderly is about 12.7%. In Grobogan Regency, Purwodadi, Central Java, there has been an increase of depression in the last 5 years. Purwodadi Subdistrict depends on the number of orders with the highest number of traffic cases and the elderly.Objective: To determine the correlation between depression level and the risk of suicide.Methods: This research is a quantitative study with cross sectional design in which all respondents were observed and variables were measured at one time. Samples were taken from elderly outpatient of primary health care and Posyandu lansia at Purwodadi, who met the inclusion and exclusion criterias. Research samples were selected based on nonprobability sampling method through purposive sampling. This research used the Indonesian version of the GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale) and CSSRS (Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale) questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of elderly depression is 63.3%, and a significant correlation was found between severe depression and low risk of suicide (p <0.05)Conclusion: significant correlation was found between severe depression and low risk of suicide

Movement disorders are associated with schizotypy in unaffected siblings of patients with non-affective psychosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2141-2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Koning ◽  
D. E. Tenback ◽  
R. S. Kahn ◽  
M. G. Vollema ◽  
W. Cahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

BackgroundMovement disorders and schizotypy are both prevalent in unaffected siblings of patients with schizophrenia and both are associated with the risk of developing psychosis or schizophrenia. However, to date there has been no research into the association between these two vulnerability factors in persons with an increased genetic risk profile. We hypothesized that unaffected siblings of patients with non-affective psychosis have more movement disorders and schizotypy than healthy controls and that these co-occur.MethodIn a cross-sectional design we assessed the prevalence and inter-relationship of movement disorders and schizotypy in 115 unaffected siblings (mean age 27 years, 44% males) and 100 healthy controls (mean age 26 years, 51% males). Movement disorders were measured with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS), and one separate item for dystonia. Schizotypy was assessed with the Structured Interview for Schizotypy – Revised (SIS-R).ResultsThere were significant differences in the prevalence of movement disorders in unaffected siblings versus healthy controls (10% v. 1%, p<0.01) but not in the prevalence of schizotypy. Unaffected siblings with a movement disorder displayed significantly more positive and total schizotypy (p=0.02 and 0.03 respectively) than those without. In addition, dyskinesia correlated with positive schizotypy (r=0.51, p=0.02).ConclusionsThe association between movement disorders (dyskinesia in particular) with positive and total schizotypy in unaffected siblings suggests that certain vulnerability factors for psychosis or schizophrenia cluster in a subgroup of subjects with an increased genetic risk of developing the disease.

scholarly journals Status stres psikososial dan hubungannya dengan status gizi siswa SMP Stella Duce 1 Yogyakarta

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Mutiara Tirta Prabandari Lintang Kusuma ◽  
Ronny Tri Wirasto ◽  
Emy Huriyati
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Readjustment Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
X 24 ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Adolescent is a transition phase from childhood to adulthood that marked by the change on physical, mental and psychosocial aspect. Adaptation on the change that people met in their life is called psychosocial stress. Stress makes a change on food habit and a disturbance on nutrition’s absorbance. Those circumstances affect people’s nutritional status.Objectives: To identify the correlation between psychosocial stress and nutritional status among SMP Stella Duce 1 Yogyakarta’s students.Methods: This study was an observational study which used a cross sectional design. It held by quantitative approach to identify the relationship between psychosocial stress and nutritional status. Subject of the study were 85 students of SMP Stella Duce 1 Yogyakarta. Respondent’s identities were collected by using identity questionnaire. Psychosocial stress’s status was collected by using SRRS questionnaire (social readjustment rating scale) that was modified for adolescent. Respondent’s calories intakes were assessed by using the form food recall 3 x 24 h. Anthropometrics data collected were weight and height. The adjustment of psychosocial stress’s status used SRRS questionnaires. Calories intake were measured by using nutrition software (Fp2). Student’s nutritional status was measured by using Epi 2000 software. Relationship’s analysis among variables uses statistical test of SPSS 12.00, with the correlation or linear regression test.Result: From this study, 49.4% (42 people) have normal nutritional status, 4.7 % at under nutrition level, 25.9% at risk of obesity, and 20% obesity. From the measurement of psychosocial stress’s score, there were 61.2% (52 people) in a non-tress condition, while the other was on stress at different level. Statistical test showed that there was no relationship between psychosocial stress and nutritional status (p > 0.05).Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between psychosocial stress and nutritional status among SMP Stella Duce 1 Yogyakarta’s students.

scholarly journals Study of Weaning Practices among Mothers of Children less than One year of Age in Slum area of Multan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mother's Education

Background: Weaning is the key to the proper growth and development of a child. Mothers must do proper weaning practices in order to prevent malnutrition and infection in children. Objective: To determine the weaning practice among mothers with infants aged 6 months to one year of age, and causes of delayed weaning. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among the residents of the slum area of Jahangirabad, Multan, from 31st March to 25th May 2018. A close-ended questionnaire was used for collecting data from 85 mothers using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. Frequency and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables like education, occupation, socio-economic status, the start of weaning time. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Mothers who started weaning of their children at age of 6 months and above were 91%. Mothers who felt their milk was enough for the baby were only 37%. Mothers using marketed food for weaning were, 48 %. Illiterate mothers were, 45%. Those who were doing weaning less than 6 times per day were 98%. Families belonging to low socioeconomic status were, 61%. On applying the chi-square test there was no significant association found between the start of weaning time and mother's education (p=0.3) or occupation (p=0.3). Conclusion: A large proportion of children's population has started weaning above 6 months of age. There was no significant association found between the start of weaning time with the mother’s education and occupation.

scholarly journals Low Temperature Tolerance of Apple Shoots Following Exposure to Warm Temperatures in Late Winter

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Renae E. Moran ◽  
Bryan J. Peterson ◽  
Gennaro Fazio ◽  
John A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Yearly Variation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
One Year

The goal of this research was to evaluate resistance of apple rootstocks to late winter deacclimation during a 2-day exposure to warm temperatures in Maine. We measured the cold temperature tolerance of xylem, phloem, and cambium from 0 to −40 °C in 1- and 2-year-old shoot pieces from apple rootstock cultivars and advanced selections ‘M.9 T337’ (M.9), ‘M.7 EMLA’ (M.7), ‘Budagovsky 9’ (B.9), ‘Geneva® 41’ (G.41), ‘Geneva 30’ (G.30), ‘Geneva 935’ (G.935), ‘Geneva 814’ (G.814), G.4013, G.5257, and Vineland 6 (V.6) after a 2-day exposure to warm (22 °C) or cold (2 to 4 °C) temperatures. Injury was measured on a 0 to 10 rating scale based on percentage of discolored cross-sectional xylem and phloem, and cambial length and circumference with brown discoloration, with 0 indicating no browning and 10 indicating browning in the entire tissue. Injury was also measured as intensity of browning on a scale of 0 (no browning) to 5 (dark brown to black). The weighted averages of the two ratings were used to calculate an index of browning. Genotypic variation occurred in the degree of deacclimation, which ranged from none to as much as 15 °C loss in hardiness. Two genotypes, ‘G.41’ and ‘M.9’, showed little change in hardiness in both years they were tested. Two genotypes, G.4013 and ‘G.814’, lost substantial hardiness in both years and may be vulnerable to late winter freeze-thaw events, but were among the hardiest before deacclimation. ‘G.935’ and G.5257 showed a small loss of hardiness, whereas ‘B.9’ lost hardiness in the cambium, but not the xylem, and V.6 lost hardiness after warm exposure, but showed almost no injury at temperatures as cold as −35 °C. The loss of hardiness of these four genotypes that were tested in only one year should be verified with additional testing because of the potential for yearly variation.

scholarly journals Sigi's Response to the Disaster Program: Nutrition, Sanitation, and Food Fulfillment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Carmitha Panjaitan ◽  
Theresia Pratiwi Elingsetyo Sanubari ◽  
Fiane De Fretes
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
One Year ◽  
Central Sulawesi

The earthquake occurring in Indonesia caused various problems, especially the decreased degree of human health caused by insufficient food availability. It makes victims of natural disasters need assistance from government programs. One case of a natural disaster in 2018 was an earthquake in Central Sulawesi. Unfortunately, disaster survival has the challenge to continue their living caused by program absences from the government in post-disaster. This study aimed to explore disaster survival's resilience after one year of the earthquake disaster in Sidera village, Sigi regency, in response to government programs, especially nutrition, sanitation, and food fulfillment response. This research used mixed-method approaches with a cross-sectional design. Data collection was done with questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and anthropometric measurements. The study was conducted from February to April 2020 with 30 refugees in the temporary shelter in Sidera village as respondents. The study results found that people still need to initiate countermeasures related to sanitation and fulfillment of food. Government programs in health services produce good conditions related to normal nutritional status at the age of 5 years (40%), 5–18 years (100%), and 18 years (41%). The conclusion is that the government program is not sustainable, which makes the community still need to initiate countermeasures related to sanitation and food fulfillment. The program recommendations are to ensure clean water availability and guide the community to fulfill their food need. TANGGAPAN SIGI TERHADAP PROGRAM BENCANA: GIZI, SANITASI, DAN PEMENUHAN PANGANGempa bumi yang terjadi di Indonesia menyebabkan berbagai masalah, secara khusus penurunan derajat kesehatan manusia dikarenakan oleh ketersediaan pangan yang tidak tercukupi. Hal tersebut membuat korban bencana alam membutuhkan bantuan dari program pemerintah. Salah satu kasus bencana alam tahun 2018 adalah gempa bumi di Sulawesi Tengah. Namun, hingga pascabencana, korban bencana alam masih tinggal di pengungsian tanpa program. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi daya lenting pengungsi pasca-satu tahun bencana gempa bumi di Desa Sidera, Kabupaten Sigi sebagai tanggapan dari program pemerintah khususnya gizi, air bersih, dan pemenuhan pangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mixed-method dengan desain cross-sectional. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner, in depth interview, serta pengukuran antropometri. Penelitian dilakukan pada 30 responden yang merupakan pengungsi di hunian sementara (huntara) Desa Sidera. Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan Februari hingga April 2020. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa masyarakat masih perlu melakukan inisiasi penanggulangan terkait air bersih dan pemenuhan pangan. Program pemerintah terkait pelayanan kesehatan menghasilkan kondisi yang baik terkait status gizi normal pada usia ≤5 tahun (40%), 5–18 tahun (100%), dan ≥18 tahun (41%). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah program pemerintah tidak memiliki keberlanjutan, hal tersebut membuat masyarakat masih perlu melakukan inisiasi penanggulangan terkait air bersih dan pemenuhan pangan. Rekomendasi program yang dapat diberikan adalah ketersediaan air bersih serta pemantauan program dalam membimbing masyarakat agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pangan.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pemakaian Alat Ortodontik Cekat dengan Status Kebersihan Gigi dan Mulut Siswa SMA Kristen 1 Tomohon

e-GIGI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wulan K. D. Rambitan ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
One Year ◽  
Orthodontic Devices ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Fixed orthodontic devices are the most commonly used orthodontic appliances in the community especially adolescent because they have become an important part of lifestyle. Albeit, users of fixed orthodontic appliances do not realize that fixed orthodontic appliances could become a risk factor for poor dental and oral hygiene. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between the use of fixed orthodontic devices and the dental and oral hygiene status of students at SMA Kristen 1 Tomohon (senior high school). This was an analytical observational study with a cross sectional design. Subjects were 43 students who used fixed orthodontics appliances obtained by using total sampling method. The results showed that most subjects used fixed orthodontic appliance for less than one year (58.1%). Moreover, the dental and oral hygiene status of most subjects were in the moderate category. The Chi-square showed a p-value of 0,060 for the relationship between the use of fixed orthodontic devices and the dental and oral hygiene status. Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between the duration of use of fixed orthodontic devices and the dental and oral hygiene status of students at SMA Kristen 1 TomohonKeywords: fixed orthodontic appliances, oral hygiene, adolescents Abstrak: Alat ortodontik cekat merupakan peralatan ortodontik yang paling sering dipakai oleh masyarakat khususnya remaja karena sudah menjadi bagian dari gaya hidup. Namun pemakai alat ortodontik cekat tidak menyadari bahwa alat ortodontik cekat merupakan faktor risiko terganggunya kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pemakaian alat ortodontik cekat dengan status kebersihan gigi dan mulut siswa SMA Kristen 1 Tomohon. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Subyek penelitian yaitu 43 siswa yang memakai alat ortodontik cekat yang diperoleh dengan metode total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemakaian alat ortodontik cekat terbanyak yaitu di bawah satu tahun (58,1%) dan status kebersihan gigi dan mulut berada dalam kategori sedang. Hasil uji Chi-square terhadap hubungan antara pemakaian alat ortodontik cekat dengan status kebersihan gigi dan mulut subyek penelitian mendapatkan nilai p=0,060. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara lama pemakaian alat ortodontik cekat dengan status kebersihan gigi dan mulut siswa SMA Kristen 1 Tomohon.Kata kunci: alat ortodontik cekat, kebersihan gigi dan mulut, remaja

scholarly journals The Chinese Mandarin Version of the Crisis Triage Rating Scale for Taiwanese with Mental Illness to Compulsory Hospitalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13392
Author(s):  
Shuo-Yen Ting ◽  
Tsuo-Hung Lan ◽  
Lih-Jong Shen ◽  
Chun-Yuan Lin ◽  
Shih-Kai Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Validity Index ◽  
Psychiatric Admission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Psychiatric Center ◽  
Chinese Mandarin

Background: A controversial issue of the need to protect human rights and ensure public safety still remains a conflict in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to translate the Crisis Triage Rating Scale to Chinese Mandarin (CMCTRS). Method: A cross-sectional design with convenient sampling was employed in this study. The CMCTRS was tested on 302 Taiwanese individuals with mental illness who were admitted to the emergency room (ER) of a psychiatric center. A higher score indicated a greater need for mandatory psychiatric admission. Psychiatrists rated the patients’ status according to three scale criteria and six action plans of recommendations. Results: Five specialists evaluated the content validity index to be 0.8. A total of 210 participants (69.5%) were deemed suitable for compulsory hospitalization or admission for observation in ER. The optimal cut-off score was 8, with a Youden Index of 1.46, a sensitivity of 0.748, and a specificity of 0.712 in deciding the need for hospitalization or observation. Conclusions: The CMCTRS exhibited an acceptable criterion validity with psychiatrists in a population of 302 patients at the ER of a psychiatric center. A cut-off point of 8 is recommended for determining hospitalization or a minimum 24 h stay at emergency for observation.

scholarly journals Using the Many-Facet Rasch Model to analyse and evaluate the quality of objective structured clinical examination: a non-experimental cross-sectional design

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e029208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Tavakol ◽  
Gill Pinner
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Rasch Model ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Objective Structured Clinical Examination ◽  
Student Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Information Giving ◽  
Experimental Cross ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

ObjectivesSources of bias, such as the examiners, domains and stations, can influence the student marks in objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). This study describes the extent to which the facets modelled in an OSCE can contribute to scoring variance and how they fit into a Many-Facet Rasch Model (MFRM) of OSCE performance. A further objective is to identify the functioning of the rating scale used.DesignA non-experimental cross-sectional design.Participants and settingsAn MFRM was used to identify sources of error (eg, examiner, domain and station), which may influence the student outcome. A 16-station OSCE was conducted for 329 final year medical students. Domain-based marking was applied, each station using a sample from eight defined domains across the whole OSCE. The domains were defined as follows: communication skills, professionalism, information gathering, information giving, clinical interpretation, procedure, diagnosis and management. The domains in each station were weighted to ensure proper attention to the construct of the individual station. Four facets were assessed: students, examiners, domains and stations.ResultsThe results suggest that the OSCE data fit the model, confirming that an MFRM approach was appropriate to use. The variable map allows a comparison with and between the facets of students, examiners, domains and stations and the 5-point score for each domain with each station as they are calibrated to the same scale. Fit statistics showed that the domains map well to the performance of the examiners. No statistically significant difference between examiner sensitivity (3.85 logits) was found. However, the results did suggest examiners were lenient and that some behaved inconsistently. The results also suggest that the functioning of response categories on the 5-point rating scale need further examination and optimisation.ConclusionsThe results of the study have important implications for examiner monitoring and training activities, to aid assessment improvement.

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