Survey of the Field of Empirical Research on Scientific Methods in STEM

Author(s):  
Andrzej Sokolowski
2021 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Anita Kovačić-Popović

The methodology deals with the methods of acquiring scientific knowledge, i.e. all aspects of scientific research as a method of gaining scientific knowledge about phenomena and processes. Scientific method enables gaining scientific knowledge by applying a series of principles, rules and procedures. Every research includes several general scientific methods. Hypothetical-deductive scientific method of acquiring knowledge and modeling method characterize empirical research, while comparative and analytical-deductive methods are applied in theoretical research. It is impossible to carry out research without a data collection method. Therefore, it is necessary to precisely define the methods, techniques and instruments that will be applied in research to gain new scientific knowledge.


1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Sidjanski

THE SWISS AND THEIR POLITICS: THIS TOPIC HAS ALREADY BEEN AND still is of concern to many citizens as well as to social scientists. Although it has been the subject of several studies, it has however never generated any empirical research using opinion polls. This has now been done. This study is part of a series based on the results of an opinion poll – the first in Switzerland – carried out in the spring of 1972. The survey was designed to elicit the Swiss citizens’ image of the country's democratic system as well as their attitudes toward important issues. It consisted of a questionnaire lasting about one hour and it was given to 1,917 male and female voters selected by scientific methods which guarantee their representativeness.


2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
Anne Hamker

Die Analyse ästhetischer Phänomene mit naturwissenschaftlichen Methoden verschleiert in ihrem Resultat zuweilen die Problematik einer experimentellen Ästhetik. In der Studie zu Bill Violas Videoinstallation The Greeting konkretisiert sich exemplarisch die Diskrepanz von theoretischem Anspruch und experimenteller Wirklichkeit. Das hochgesteckte Ziel einer Aufschlüsselung der (emotional-ästhetischen) Rezeption von The Greeting folgt den Standards experimenteller/empirischer Forschung. Die entsprechende Datenlage aber bietet nicht nur bestätigende Korrelationen, sie überrascht und zugleich ernüchtert auch mit interpretativen Sackgassen und nötigt zur Revision der These. Mit geklärtem Rückblick auf das abgeschlossene Experiment und gezieltem Seitenblick auf verwandte Untersuchungen bestätigt sich der Verdacht, dass die Erprobung ästhetischer Erfahrung mit den Mitteln der Naturwissenschaft zwar aufschlussreich, aber ebenso limitiert ist.<br><br>The analysis of aesthetic phenomena using scientific methods sometimes conceals the difficulties of experimental aesthetics. In the study with Bill Viola’s videoinstallation The Greeting, the discrepancy of theoretical claim and experimental reality takes shape exemplarily. The ambitious aim of dissecting the (emotional-aesthetic) perception of The Greeting follows the standards of experimental/empirical research. The data, however, offers not only confirming correlations, but also unexpected findings and interpretive impasses that force a revision of the thesis. With a retrospective view on the completed experiment, the suspicion is confirmed that proving aesthetic experience with the means of the natural sciences is informative, but also limited.


Author(s):  
Vitaly L. Tambovtsev

The article is devoted to the search and substantiation of the answer to the question whether it is possible to combine the original and new institutional economics. For this, first, methodological holism and methodological individualism are compared, which share the aforementioned directions of economic institutionalism. It is concluded that these methodological principles are logically incompatible in their ontological foundations, but they are close in the types of the analyzed processes and phenomena explanations. Secondly, the definitions of the institution are compared, which are usually used in these areas. From their comparison, it is concluded that the understanding of the institution in the new institutional economics is more productive than that followed by the supporters of the original institutional economics. In the final part of the article, it is concluded that the convergence of the two institutionalisms is possible through the deployment of a discussion based on the results of empirical research, which can show the participants the advantages and disadvantages of the scientific methods used. Methodological discussions are considered unproductive.


Author(s):  
Татьяна Вербицкая ◽  
Tatyana Verbitskaya ◽  
Полина Гилева ◽  
Polina Gileva ◽  
Федор Золотарев ◽  
...  

The present paper identifies the specific features of the conflict between Madrid and Catalonia and its significance for the European Union. The Catalan conflict serves here as an example of the regionalism processes in the European Union. The author defines the conflict as postmodern, which determines the novelty of the research. The research employed integrated scientific methods. The comparative method was used to compare the economic, social, cultural, and political positions and aspects of Catalonia and Spain; the method of actualization was used to describe the situation taking into account the specifics of the region; the method of structural analysis was used to study the content of the conflict. The authors applied the systemic approach since the structure of the Spanish political system is extremely complex. Analytical expert articles, news reports, and video recordings were used as an empirical research base. As a result, some features of the conflict in the postmodern world were revealed and exemplified by the Catalan crisis.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
S. Petrova

Retailers today use highly efficient economic tools that enable them to make appropriate decisions about assortment size. The determinants that assist or restrict a retailer’s choice influence largely the overall size of assortment offered. The main purpose of this study is to focus on examining and interpreting basic theoretical-methodological and empirical formulations regarding retailers’ strategic choice of assortment size and, on this basis, to distinguish the economic effects manifested at the point of sale. The scientific methods of theoretical and empirical research that are used involve: factor analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, induction and deduction, illustration through figures and tables. The outcomes of the study are summarized in the conclusions drawn and relate to outlining retailers’ preferences regarding the choice of appropriate assortment size.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Ljubiša Ševkušić

In different studies examined the determinants that significantly determine a company's financial performance. The size of the company is often mentioned as a determinant of the financial result. However, the results of researchs by authors around the world are not uniform, so we have claims that the size of the company positively affects the financial result, the size of the company negatively affects the financial result and researchs that emphasizes the lack of influence of company size on the financial result. In accordance with that, the main goal of the article is to use scientific methods to examine through empirical research whether the size of a company is a determinant of the financial result of a company in Serbia. The results of the research show that there is a statistically significant correlation between the size of the company and the financial result, ie that large companies in the real sector are more profitable compared to smaller companies.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 430-436
Author(s):  
S. Petrova

Modern retailers differentiate the offered assortment composition horizontally or vertically in order to meet the different, specific and heterogeneous customer requirements. The main purpose of this paper is to interpret basic theoretical and methodological assumptions regarding the nature of strategies for assortment line differentiation and, on this basis, to provide successful retail practice examples taking into account the preferences of the target customer segments. The research issues thus outlined require that a study into the specialized literature be carried out. Conceptual ideas and opinions on the process of assortment line differentiation are presented. The scientific methods of theoretical and empirical research that are used are: factor analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, induction and deduction, figures and tables for data visualization. The outcomes of the study are synthesized in the conclusions formulated and are linked to outlining the benefits of an appropriately chosen strategy for assortment line differentiation for retailers.


2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Erin C. Schafer

Children who use cochlear implants experience significant difficulty hearing speech in the presence of background noise, such as in the classroom. To address these difficulties, audiologists often recommend frequency-modulated (FM) systems for children with cochlear implants. The purpose of this article is to examine current empirical research in the area of FM systems and cochlear implants. Discussion topics will include selecting the optimal type of FM receiver, benefits of binaural FM-system input, importance of DAI receiver-gain settings, and effects of speech-processor programming on speech recognition. FM systems significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio at the child's ear through the use of three types of FM receivers: mounted speakers, desktop speakers, or direct-audio input (DAI). This discussion will aid audiologists in making evidence-based recommendations for children using cochlear implants and FM systems.


2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sülzenbrück

For the effective use of modern tools, the inherent visuo-motor transformation needs to be mastered. The successful adjustment to and learning of these transformations crucially depends on practice conditions, particularly on the type of visual feedback during practice. Here, a review about empirical research exploring the influence of continuous and terminal visual feedback during practice on the mastery of visuo-motor transformations is provided. Two studies investigating the impact of the type of visual feedback on either direction-dependent visuo-motor gains or the complex visuo-motor transformation of a virtual two-sided lever are presented in more detail. The findings of these studies indicate that the continuous availability of visual feedback supports performance when closed-loop control is possible, but impairs performance when visual input is no longer available. Different approaches to explain these performance differences due to the type of visual feedback during practice are considered. For example, these differences could reflect a process of re-optimization of motor planning in a novel environment or represent effects of the specificity of practice. Furthermore, differences in the allocation of attention during movements with terminal and continuous visual feedback could account for the observed differences.


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