Nonwhite Migration 1960–1970: The Role of Employment Opportunities

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Charles J. Latos
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Migration Effect ◽  
Nonwhite Population ◽  
Nonwhite Migration ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Migration Equation

This article investigates the economic determinants of variations in nonwhite population growth rates attributable to migration in northern metropolitan areas during the 1960s. A simultaneous equations model is developed in which a nonwhite employment growth indicator is specified as a function of variables theoretically independent of concurrent nonwhite migration. Unlike prior studies of nonwhite migration, the migration equation does not employ a migrant stock indicator. The chain migration effect is linked directly to nonwhite employment growth. Variations in nonwhite net migration rates are found to be directly and significantly associated with nonwhite employment levels and nonwhite employment growth and negatively associated with income levels. Nonwhite employment growth is found positively and significantly associated with the growth of employment opportunities in low-ranked occupations, the growth of white employment in high-ranked occupations and prior nonwhite migration.

Italian Regional Evolutions

10.1068/a3489 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dunford
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Convergence And Divergence ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Contemporary Development ◽  
Demographic Growth ◽  
Comparative Evolution

The aim of this paper is to examine the evolution of Italy's territorial inequalities from 1952 to 1996 and to consider what the Italian record tells us about the utility of theories of convergence and divergence. After outlining the scale and nature of contemporary development gaps in Italy, the author explores the way these inequalities have changed, showing that convergence in the 1960s and early 1970s gave way to divergence, and identifying the respective roles of productivity, employment, and demographic growth in shaping the overall trend in inequality. To examine what underlay the aggregate trends attention is paid to the comparative evolution of twenty Italian regions, indicating clearly the changing relative fortunes of the metropolitan northwest, the Mezzogiorno, the Third Italy, and the Adriatic coastal regions. In the final sections several decompositions are employed to identify the contribution of productivity and employment growth across a range of sectors to the comparative performance of Italy's regional economies.

scholarly journals Employment Intensity of Economic Growth: Evidence from Nepal

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Madhav Prasad Dahal ◽  
Hemant Rai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Jobless Growth ◽  
Review Period ◽  
Intensive Growth

 Economic growth and employment are taken as the top twin objectives of macroeconomic policy agenda in both developed and developing countries. Economic growth brings changes in employment growth. In general, during time of the growth of gross domestic product (GDP) increasing employment opportunities are created while unemployment will be rising during economic deceleration. This paper examines employment intensity of growth in (i) the economy of Nepal in totality, (ii) three broad economic sectors, and (iii) different sub-sectors of the economy over the period 1998-2018. Empirical result indicates labor-intensive growth in Nepal over the review period. There is no indication of jobless growth.

Resisting Closures and Winning Wages in the 1960s and 1970s

2019 ◽  
pp. 197-228
Author(s):  
Jim Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Unsuccessful Attempt ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mining Communities ◽  
Scottish Parliament ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk

The 1984-85 miners’ strike in defence of collieries, jobs and communities was an unsuccessful attempt to reverse the change in economic direction driven in the UK by Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative governments. The government was committed to removing workforce voice from the industry. Its struggle against the miners was a war against the working class more generally. Mining communities were grievously affected in economic terms by the strike and its aftermath, but in the longer run emerged with renewed solidarity. Gender relations, evolving from the 1960s as employment opportunities for women increased, changed in further progressive ways. This strengthened the longer-term cohesion of mining communities. The strike had a more general and lasting political impact in Scotland. The narrative of a distinct Scottish national commitment to social justice, attacked by a UK government without democratic mandate, drew decisive moral force from the anti-Thatcherite resistance of men and women in the coalfields. This renewed the campaign for a Scottish Parliament, which came to successful fruition in 1999.

Population and the Family in Southeast Asia

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World War ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
The Family ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Population Stabilization

The decade of the 1960s was one of growing concern among demographers with the acceleration of the world's population growth, resulting largely from the sharp decline in mortality rates in the early post-World War II period. The concern has become more selective in recent times, with the prospects for population stabilization becoming clearer in some countries and regions as a result of sharp declines in fertility, but with population growth rates continuing to cause great disquiet in others. Southeast Asia as a whole gives grounds for a somewhat sanguine assessment; its population growth rate is slowing as a result of quite spectacular declines in fertility in a number of major countries. But the situation is quite variable, and some countries maintain high rates of fertility and of population growth.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Interdistrict Labour In-migration in Pakistan, 1971-1980

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Barkley
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Urban Flow ◽  
Migration Equation ◽  
Over Time

The movement of labour from one location to another in Pakistan has increased in recent years. This article begins by reviewing the previous literature pertinent to labour migration within Pakistan. Next, a migration equation at the aggregate level is specified, based on the expected socio-economic determinants of labour migration and data availability. Regression analysis was used to identify and quantify the determinants of interdistrict migration in Pakistan during the period 1971-1980. The results demonstrate that one of the major determinants of migration into a district was the percent of previous migrants in,.a district's population. Interdistrict migration was also significantly associated with the socio-economic variables of urbanization, population density, ,and literacy rates. The research presented here provides evidence that the movement of labour be~ween districts in Pakistan is towards locations of superior socio-economic conditions. Migration was found to become more responsive to urbanization, population density, and literacy rates over time, and less responsive to previous migration over time. Given the huge increase in productivity in the agricultural sector brought about by the Green Revolution, the movement of workers out of agricultural areas and into industrial areas is expected to con~inue into the fl,lture. This rural-to-urban flow may be limited by the level of population density; crowded living conditions were found to be negatively associated with labour migration.

The Elusive Quest for Equality, 1969–1989

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-243
Author(s):  
Donald G. Nieman
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
Voting Rights Act ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Institutionalized Racism ◽  
Broad Interpretation ◽  
The 1960S

Although the nation became more conservative in the 1970s and 1980s, civil rights advocates built on legislative and legal victories of the 1960s to create race-conscious remedies to challenge institutionalized racism. Their position was strengthened by a growing women’s movement that became an important element of the civil rights coalition. Affirmative action and remedies against practices that had a disparate impact on minorities and women expanded employment opportunities; renewal and broad interpretation of the Voting Rights Act dramatically increased the number of black and Hispanic elected officials; and busing offered a new remedy for school segregation. Claiming that the Constitution was color-blind, Republicans attacked race-conscious remedies as “reverse racism” and used race as a wedge to make inroads among traditional Democratic constituencies. They used their growing strength to restrict busing and affirmative action and launch a war on drugs that led to mass incarceration of African Americans.

scholarly journals Gradual Distance Dispersal Shapes the Genetic Structure in an Alpine Grasshopper

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Illera ◽  
Miguel Arenas ◽  
Carlos A. López-Sánchez ◽  
José Ramón Obeso ◽  
Paola Laiolo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Sky Islands ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Expansion Matching ◽  
Gradual Expansion ◽  
Better Than

The location of the high mountains of southern Europe has been crucial in the phylogeography of most European species, but how extrinsic (topography of sky islands) and intrinsic features (dispersal dynamics) have interacted to shape the genetic structure in alpine restricted species is still poorly known. Here we investigated the mechanisms explaining the colonisation of Cantabrian sky islands in an endemic flightless grasshopper. We scrutinised the maternal genetic variability and haplotype structure, and we evaluated the fitting of two migration models to understand the extant genetic structure in these populations: Long-distance dispersal (LDD) and gradual distance dispersal (GDD). We found that GDD fits the real data better than the LDD model, with an onset of the expansion matching postglacial expansions after the retreat of the ice sheets. Our findings suggest a scenario with small carrying capacity, migration rates, and population growth rates, being compatible with a slow dispersal process. The gradual expansion process along the Cantabrian sky islands found here seems to be conditioned by the suitability of habitats and the presence of alpine corridors. Our findings shed light on our understanding about how organisms which have adapted to live in alpine habitats with limited dispersal abilities have faced new and suitable environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Economic Growth of the South Versus other Regions: Past Trends and Future Prospects

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Herman Bluestone
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
North Central Region ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
The South ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Division ◽  
South Central ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Rates Of Growth

The dramatic surge of economic activity in the South is a relatively recent development. During the first half of the postwar period, the South, along with the Northeast and North Central region, lagged well behind the nation in population and employment growth (Table 1). It was only in the 1960s that rates of growth in the South began to exceed the national averages, and it was only in the 1970s that the South began to mount a serious challenge to the West for first place in regional growth. It also should be noted that the surge in southern growth was not uniformly distributed; most of it occurred in the region's two western subregions, the East South Central division and the energy-rich West South Central division.

scholarly journals A Note On Interstate Migration And Tax Burdens: New Evidence

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hsing
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Interstate Migration ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Heating Degree Days ◽  
New Evidence

This study extends the work of Cebula (1990) and examines interstate in-migration for 48 contiguous states based on the 1990 Census data. We find that the optimal value for the state and local tax burden is $1,943 per capita. Interstate in-migration rates are likely to increase (decrease) given a change in tax burdens, if the current tax level is below (above) the optimal tax level. We also find that more sunshine, employment growth, and income encourage in-migration and that higher heating degree days, percent of metropolitan area population, and violent crime reduce in-migration.

Changing Activities, Changing Markets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu ◽  
Peter Lanjouw ◽  
Nicholas Stern
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
Important Predictor ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Farm Sector ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Village

This chapter examines the expansion of non-farm activities in Palanpur and shows that most non-farm employment growth can be attributed to an increase in casual and self-employment opportunities, as opposed to regular, salaried jobs. The construction sector has been particularly significant in this sense. (Lack of) access to land is an important predictor of involvement in the non-farm sector, but, conversely, growth in this sector has influenced certain households’ access to land, via its impact on tenancy patterns. At the household level, caste affiliation plays an important role in determining access to specific jobs, while education appears, so far, to play only a muted role. The chapter shows that in Palanpur, contrary to many textbook analyses, migration has played only a modest role in governing the shift out of agriculture, but highlights the importance of commuting as a means of accessing non-farm jobs while continuing to reside in the village.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document