Clusters of risk behaviors for noncommunicable diseases in the Brazilian adult population

Smoking is a significant risk factor of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Smoking prevalence is variable in different populations. A study of the prevalence of this risk factor allows to estimate its contribution to the development of cardiovascular pathology, to plan the necessary amount of medical care for people using tobacco, and to determine the effectiveness of prevention activities in the region. As a result of the study, smoking frequency in population of the Irkutsk region older 18years of age or over was established as 29.5%. The number of smokers increased with age, reaching maximum value of 38.6% in the group 30–39 years. Male smokers made maximum in the age group 30–39 years, women – in the age group of 18–19 years. The average age of smokers was 34 years, the one of nonsmokers – 43 years. The age difference was 9 years, and it was lower in the group of men than in the group of women (5 and 11 years, respectively). The number of the smoking men were 3 times larger, than women: 50.2% and 13.5%, respectively. Among persons with arterial hypertension, 22.1% were smoking with the maximum frequency of smoking in age groups from 20 to 49 years. These figures point to a considerable problem of smoking in the region.

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Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinaemia and Associated Factors among Ethiopian Adult Population in a 2015 National Survey

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/9210261 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Feyissa Challa ◽

Tigist Getahun ◽

Meron Sileshi ◽

Bikila Nigassie ◽

Zeleke Geto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Adult Population ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Steps Survey ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for major cardiovascular diseases, but data on the prevalence and predictors of HHcy in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia are scant. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HHcy and associated risk factors in the Ethiopian adult population. A cross-sectional survey on risks of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) using the STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) survey was conducted between April and June 2015. A total of 4,175 study participants were surveyed. Serum homocysteine (Hcy) and metabolic profile were determined using Cobas Integra 400 Plus and CardioChek PA analyzer, respectively. Factors associated with HHcy were determined using logistic regression. The mean serum tHcy concentration was 14.6 μmol/L, with 16.4 μmol/L in males and 13.4 μmol/L in females. Overall, 38% had HHcy, with figures in males (49%) higher than females (30%). Increased age, being male, and high blood pressure and/or taking blood pressure medication, as well as low consumption of fruit and/or vegetables, were independent risk factors for HHcy. In conclusion, the prevalence of HHcy among the adult Ethiopian population is alarmingly high. Improving diets through the promotion of fruit and vegetable consumption is needed to reduce the risk of NCDs.

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Prevalence of and factors associated with self-reported high blood pressure in Brazilian adults

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s1518-8787.2017051000006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (suppl 1) ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽

Regina Tomie Ivata Bernal ◽

Silvânia Suely Caribé de Araújo Andrade ◽

Marta Maria Alves da Silva ◽

Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Skin Color ◽

Adult Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Federal District ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Brazilian State ◽

Increased Risk

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze factors associated with self-reported high blood pressure among adults in Brazilian state capitals. METHODS The study uses data from Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel – Surveillance System of Risk and Protection Factors of Noncommunicable Diseases by Telephone Survey) collected in 2013. Prevalence rates and their respective 95% confidence intervals by gender were estimated according to sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, reported noncommunicable diseases and self-rated health status. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to identify variables associated with self-reported high blood pressure with α < 0.05. RESULTS Prevalence of self-reported high blood pressure among adults living in Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District was 24.1%. The following variables were associated with self-reported high blood pressure: age group, taking 18-24 as reference (all age groups presented increased risk – from 25-34 years [OR = 2.6; 95%CI 2.0–3.4] up to 65 years or more [OR = 28.1; 95%CI 21.7–36.4]); low education level (9 to 11 years of study [OR = 0.8; 95%CI 0.7–0.9] and 12 years or more [OR = 0.6; 95%CI 0.6–0.7]); Black race or skin color (OR = 1.3; 95%CI 1.1–1.5); being a former smoker (OR = 1.2; 95%CI 1.1–1.3); obesity (OR = 2.7; 95%CI 2.4–3.0); diabetes (OR = 2.9; 95%CI 2.5–3.5%), and high cholesterol (OR = 1.9; 95%CI 1.8–2.2). CONCLUSIONS Approximately one quarter of the adult population living in Brazilian state capitals reported having high blood pressure. Information from Vigitel is useful to monitor high blood pressure and identity its associated factors, supporting public policies for health promotion, surveillance and care.

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Reducing Risk Behaviors Linked to Noncommunicable Diseases in Mongolia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

American Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2105/ajph.2012.301175 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 103 (9) ◽

pp. 1666-1674 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Toivgoo Aira ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Marion Riedel ◽

Susan S. Witte

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Randomized Controlled

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THE CONCEPTUAL BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AT THE LEVEL OF A MEDICAL INSTITUTION OF A FUNCTIONAL-ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL OF CONTROLLED PREVENTION OF CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Клінічна та профілактична медицина ◽

10.31612/2616-4868.4(14).2020/org-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (14) ◽

pp. 17-25

Author(s):

V.A. Gandzyuk

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Systems Approach ◽

Adult Population ◽

Organizational Factors ◽

Medical Institution ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Organizational Model ◽

Medico Economic

Summary. The relevance of the work is due to the need to optimize preventive measures for chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) at the level of a medical institution in a pandemic. Purpose of the study. Scientific substantiation of the conceptual foundations for the development of a functional-organizational model of controlled prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases in the adult population at the level of a medical institution based on the determination of medico-economic factors of influence. Materials and methods. To determine the medical characteristics that affect the controllability of preventive measures, a sample of 376 patients over 18 years old was used. Methods used: statistical, systems approach and analysis, decision classification trees and conceptual modeling. Results. The conceptual approaches to the development of a functional and organizational model of controlled prevention of chronic diseases in the adult population at the level of a medical institution include the principles of controllability (controlled prevention), evidence-based prevention, an innovative design-process approach, vertical and horizontal integration, and the use of an information system. Among the main medical factors influencing the construction of the model is the frequency of the presence and combination of risk factors in patients, among economic factors - the cost of individual programs of primary prevention. Conclusions. The construction of a functional-organizational model of controlled prevention of chronic diseases at the level of a medical institution is ensured by the use of medico-economic and functional-organizational factors and a number of principles that provide a systematic approach to solving the problem.

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The importance of preventive examination of adult population for early detection of chronic noncommunicable diseases

Zdravstvena zastita ◽

10.5937/zz1104011p ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 11-19

Author(s):

Nada Zec-Petković ◽

Miodrag Radaković ◽

Radovan Zec ◽

Davor Penjašković

Keyword(s):

Early Detection ◽

Adult Population ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Preventive Examination

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Ulcerative colitis: nutritional habits as the disease risk factor

Russian Open Medical Journal ◽

10.15275/rusomj.2021.0108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Galiya R. Bikbavova ◽

Maria A. Livzan ◽

Denis V. Turchaninov ◽

Valery I. Sovalkin ◽

Vadim A. Akhmedov

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Adult Population ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

World Health ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Retrospective Case

Background — Ulcerative colitis results from a complex interaction between genetic, internal (intestinal microflora) and external (environment) factors. Nutrition habits and the consumption of alcoholic beverages have a significant effect on the intraspecific qualitative and quantitative diversity of the intestinal microbiome. There is controversial information about the effect of various nutritional components on the occurrence of ulcerative colitis. Working with patients with ulcerative colitis, we noted specific features of the profiles of their diets before development of the first symptoms. Aim — To assess influence of nutrition and alcohol factors on risk of ulcerative colitis in the adult population of Western Siberia. Methods — A retrospective case control study was conducted by interviewing 81 patients with ulcerative colitis and 39 healthy individuals. The study of their diet and alcohol intake was carried out using the standardized World Health Organization countrywide integrated noncommunicable diseases intervention questionnaire, known as CINDI. Results — The diet of patients with ulcerative colitis from before the first signs of the disease was characterized by rare consumption of fresh and cooked vegetables and of fruits in small portions but high consumption of sugar with tea and/or coffee compared to the healthy respondents. Patients with ulcerative colitis did not tolerate milk and fermented milk products before the disease onset. The average age of alcohol consumption onset for the patients with ulcerative colitis was 19.0 years and the alcohol consumption frequency before the disease’s first symptoms was less than once a month. Patients with ulcerative colitis before the first symptoms’ onset drank significantly less wine during the year and during the day, as well as less wine per single intake compared with the healthy respondents. There were no statistically significant between-group differences for the quantity and frequency of drinking strong alcoholic beverages and beer. Conclusion — Dietary fibers’ deficiency and excess sugar intake is related to ulcerative colitis; although, wine (20 mL/d) may be protective.

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Prevalence of overweight and obesity among the adult population of the Yaroslavl region

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/omet10284 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 164-170

Author(s):

Nataliya N. Tyatenkova ◽

Iuliya E. Uvarova

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Adult Population ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Normal Body Mass Index ◽

Women Patients ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Grade Ii ◽

Medical Examinations

BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases. Overweight and obesity negatively affect all spheres of human activity, leading to the development of related diseases and disability. AIMS: to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the adult population of the Yaroslavl region according to sex and age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research included results of comprehensive medical examinations of 13948 persons of both sexes aged from 20 to 79 permanently residing in the Yaroslavl region. Anthropometric examination was performed by standard methods with the measurement of body weight and body length and calculation of body mass index. Overweight was defined as having a BMI to 25.029.9 kg/m2, obesity was defined as having BMI grater or equal to 30 kg/m2. The fat compound of body mass was determined by bioimpedancemetry. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight among the adult population of the Yaroslavl region was 34.2%, obesity was 31.6%. Overweight in men of all ages was at least 1.5 times more prevalent than women, obesity in women was 1.3 times more prevalent than in men. The prevalence of firstdegree obesity was 20.9%, grade II and III 7.9% and 2.8%, respectively. The proportion of overweight and obesity increased with age, reaching a maximum of 5059 years for men and 6069 years for women. The gradient of age changes is more pronounced in women. Patients with normal body mass index had excessive fat deposition in 38% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults in the Yaroslavl region.

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Important Steps in Cancer Prevention: Improving Population Whole-Grain Intake—The Danish Show Case or How Was the Danish Whole-Grain Intake Doubled in Less Than 10 Years?

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.73000 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 127s-127s

Author(s):

S. Toettenborg

Keyword(s):

Dietary Habits ◽

Adult Population ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Whole Grain ◽

High Knowledge ◽

Program Policy ◽

The Impact

Background and context: Dietary whole grain (WG) intake helps prevent noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancers. However, 92.4% of the global adult population does not meet WG recommendations, and WG intake even decreased between 1990 and 2010. In Denmark, WG intake was similarly decreasing during the 1990s and 2000s, and the Whole Grain Partnership (WGP) was established in 2009 to counteract this development. Aim: To describe the development of this public-private partnership (PPP), the results achieved so far, lessons learned and implications for future initiatives. Strategy/Tactics: The strategy is twofold: increasing availability of WG and campaigning about the health benefits of WG. Program/Policy process: · Research and documentation of WG health benefits · Initiate partnership and functioning of organization and secretariat · Ensure clear WG definitions and dietary guidelines · Set targets and success criteria and monitor progress · Create incentives for industry to reformulate and develop new WG products and make it easy for consumers to identify WG product by developing and endorsing a WG logo · Gradually enriching all bread and flour with WG · Develop education materials for chefs, waiters, bakers, in-store personnel and health professionals · Yearly consumer campaigns. Outcomes: Mean WG intake has near doubled in less than 10 years (from 32 in 2009 to 61 g/day 2017). The increment in intake were also significant among the population groups eating the least WG. The number of WG products increased in this period from 150 to currently 800. Continuous monitoring of consumer behavior show a high knowledge, trust and use of the WG logo has increased during the period. What was learned: · To make the PPP work effectively it is crucial to work evidence based, set realistic targets, reinforce the reasons and advantages for partnering, measure and celebrate progress · The impact on population dietary habits is primarily due to the increased availability of WG product combined with a long-term campaigning activity promoting WG health benefits.

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