scholarly journals UV light-based reprocessing of flexible endoscopes without working channel in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology: an effective method?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan A. Rudhart ◽  
Frank Günther ◽  
Laura Dapper ◽  
Kruthika Thangavelu ◽  
Urban W. Geisthoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Flexible Endoscopy ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Uv C

Abstract Background Reprocessing of flexible endoscopes (FEs) is often expensive, time consuming, and becomes increasingly complex, due to rising demands of hygiene. After beneficial results in reprocessing of rigid endoscopes using Impelux™ UV-C light technology, we tested the same method for reprocessing of FEs without working channel. Materials and methods Testing was performed on FEs without working channel after routine clinical use (transnasal flexible endoscopy). Disinfection consisted of mechanical precleaning and 60 s exposure to Impelux™ UV-C light technology. Bacterial contamination was tested on 50 FEs before and after disinfection. Further 50 FEs regarding protein residuals. The absolute effectiveness of the D60 was tested on 50 test bodies (RAMS) with a standardized contamination of 107 colony-forming units (CFU) of Enterococcus faecium. Results The FEs were contaminated with a high average value of 916.7 CFU (± 1057 CFU) after clinical usage. After reprocessing, an average contamination of 2.8 CFU (± 1.6) on 14% (n = 7) of the FEs was detected consisting of non-pathogenic species, the remaining FE were sterile. After reprocessing, all FEs were protein-free (< 1 μg). The artificially contaminated test bodies showed no remaining bacterial contamination after disinfection, resulting in an average absolute germ reduction of about 107 CFU. Conclusion Impelux™ UV-C light technology efficiently reduces bacterial contamination of FEs and might be useful in daily practice.

scholarly journals Decontamination of Targeted Pathogens from Patient Rooms Using an Automated Ultraviolet-C-Emitting Device

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 466-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deverick J. Anderson ◽  
Maria F. Gergen ◽  
Emily Smathers ◽  
Daniel J. Sexton ◽  
Luke F. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Uv C

Objective.To determine the effectiveness of an automated ultraviolet-C (UV-C) emitter against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE),Clostridium difficile, andAcinetobacterspp. in patient rooms.Design.Prospective cohort study.Setting.Two tertiary care hospitals.Participants.Convenience sample of 39 patient rooms from which a patient infected or colonized with 1 of the 3 targeted pathogens had been discharged.Intervention.Environmental sites were cultured before and after use of an automated UV-C-emitting device in targeted rooms but before standard terminal room disinfection by environmental services.Results.In total, 142 samples were obtained from 27 rooms of patients who were colonized or infected with VRE, 77 samples were obtained from 10 rooms of patients withC. difficileinfection, and 10 samples were obtained from 2 rooms of patients with infections due toAcinetobacter. Use of an automated UV-C-emitting device led to a significant decrease in the total number of colony-forming units (CFUs) of any type of organism (1.07 log10reduction;P< .0001), CFUs of target pathogens (1.35 log10reduction;P< .0001), VRE CFUs (1.68 log10reduction;P< .0001), and C.difficileCFUs (1.16 log10reduction;P< .0001). CFUs ofAcinetobacteralso decreased (1.71 log10reduction), but the trend was not statistically significantP= .25). CFUs were reduced at all 9 of the environmental sites tested. Reductions similarly occurred in direct and indirect line of sight.Conclusions.Our data confirm that automated UV-C-emitting devices can decrease the bioburden of important pathogens in real-world settings such as hospital rooms.

Terminal Decontamination of Patient Rooms Using an Automated Mobile UV Light Unit

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Boyce ◽  
Nancy L. Havill ◽  
Brent A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Patient Discharge ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Before And After ◽  
American Society ◽  
Carrier Test ◽  
Uv C

Objective.To determine the ability of a mobile UV light unit to reduce bacterial contamination of environmental surfaces in patient rooms.Methods.An automated mobile UV light unit that emits UV-C light was placed in 25 patient rooms after patient discharge and operated using a 1- or 2-stage procedure. Aerobic colony counts were calculated for each of 5 standardized high-touch surfaces in the rooms before and after UV light decontamination (UVLD). Clostridium difficile spore log reductions achieved were determined using a modification of the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) International E2197 quantitative disk carrier test method. In-room ozone concentrations during UVLD were measured.Results.For the 1-stage procedure, mean aerobic colony counts for the 5 high-touch surfaces ranged from 10.6 to 98.2 colony-forming units (CFUs) per Dey/Engley (D/E) plate before UVLD and from 0.3 to 24.0 CFUs per D/E plate after UVLD, with significant reductions for all 5 surfaces (all P<.02). Surfaces in direct line of sight were significantly more likely to yield negative culture results after UVLD than before UVLD (all P<.001). Mean C. difficile spore log reductions ranged from 1.8 to 2.9. UVLD cycle times ranged from 34.2 to 100.1 minutes. For the 2-stage procedure, mean aerobic colony counts ranged from 10.0 to 89.2 CFUs per D/E plate before UVLD and were 0 CFUs per D/E plate after UVLD, with significant reductions for all 5 high-touch surfaces. UVLD cycle times ranged from 72.1 to 146.3 minutes. In-room ozone concentrations during UVLD ranged from undetectable to 0.012 ppm.Conclusions.The mobile UV-C light unit significantly reduced aerobic colony counts and C. difficile spores on contaminated surfaces in patient rooms.

scholarly journals UV-C Irradiation of Rolled Fillets of Ham Inoculated with Yersinia enterocolitica and Brochothrix thermosphacta

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Julia Reichel ◽  
Corinna Kehrenberg ◽  
Carsten Krischek
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
B Values ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Initial Effect ◽  
Brochothrix Thermosphacta ◽  
Uv C

Bacteria on ready-to-eat meat may cause diseases and lead to faster deterioration of the product. In this study, ready-to-eat sliced ham samples were inoculated with Yersinia enterocolitica or Brochothrix thermosphacta and treated with ultraviolet (UV) light. The initial effect of a UV-C irradiation was investigated with doses of 408, 2040, 4080, and 6120 mJ/cm2 and the effect after 0, 7, and 14 days of refrigerated storage with doses of 408 and 4080 mJ/cm2. Furthermore, inoculated ham samples were stored under light and dark conditions after the UV-C treatment to investigate the effect of photoreactivation. To assess the ham quality the parameters color and antioxidant capacity were analyzed during storage. UV-C light reduced Yersinia enterocolitica and Brochothrix thermosphacta counts by up to 1.11 log10 and 0.79 log10 colony forming units/g, respectively, during storage. No photoreactivation of the bacteria was observed. Furthermore, significantly lower a* and higher b* values after 7 and 14 days of storage and a significantly higher antioxidant capacity on day 0 after treatment with 4080 mJ/cm2 were detected. However, there were no other significant differences between treated and untreated samples. Hence, a UV-C treatment can reduce microbial surface contamination of ready-to-eat sliced ham without causing considerable quality changes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ultraviolet-C lamps sterilization in veterinary operating theatre

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-76
Author(s):  
Dito Anggoro ◽  
Setyo Budhi ◽  
Agus Purnomo ◽  
Dorothea Vera Megarani
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Operating Theatre ◽  
Operating Table ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Uv Lamp

Ultraviolet (UV) lamp is the simplest method for sterilizing operating theatre. This method is effective, easily operated, and does not require high cost. Furthermore, there were several studies of microorganism contamination in the air and surface at human operating theatre. However, studies in veterinary operating theatre related to the effectiveness of UV light on sterilization process is still limited, especially in Indonesia. Bacterial contamination samples were collected three times each in three different conditions: A) before surgery and without UV, B) before surgery but UV was already used, and C) after surgery and UV was already used. Samples were taken with settle plate and swab method for collecting the air and operating table contamination, respectively. One-way repeated measures ANOVA determined that there was statistically significant difference in the number of bacterial contaminations between three conditions (A, B, and C) in settle plate method (p=0.009), as well as in swab method (p=0.010). The result revealed that the UV light was effective to sterilize operating theatre, which can be seen from the significant decreases on the number of bacterial contaminations before and after the UV was used, both in settle plate and swab method. The result of this study supported the theory that the UV light can reduce the air bacterial and surface contamination at operating theatre. However, the result of microorganism contaminations in this study was still not appropriate based on the standard minimum of total bacterial in the operating theatre from The Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. Consequently, the use of another method of sterilization at the operating theatre is still required for a better sterilization result.

Oxygen nipple and nut (Christmas tree) adaptor contamination rates and decontamination with disinfecting wipes

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Colandrea ◽  
Michael L. Cleary ◽  
David R. Peaper ◽  
Linda K. Sullivan ◽  
Richard A. Martinello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Medical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Bacterial Burden ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Medical Intensive Care ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractObjective:Different manufacturers recommend different levels of disinfection for oxygen nipple and nut adaptors, also known as Christmas-tree adaptors (CTAs). We aimed to determine the bacterial contamination rates of CTAs before and after clinical use and whether disinfection wipes effectively eliminate bacteria from CTAs.Methods:CTAs were swabbed for bacteria directly from the shipment box or after use in a medical intensive care unit to determine levels of contamination. CTAs were also inoculated in the laboratory with a variety of bacteria and disinfected with either 0.5% hydrogen peroxide (Oxivir 1) or 0.25% tetra-ammonium chloride with 44.50% isopropyl alcohol (Super Sani-Cloth), and the effectiveness of each wipe was determined by comparing the bacterial recovery before and after disinfection.Results:CTAs exhibit low levels of bacterial burden before and after clinical use. Both disinfecting wipes were effective at removing bacteria from the CTAs.Conclusions:Low-level disinfection of CTAs is appropriate prior to redeployment in the clinical setting.

scholarly journals 820. Impact of pulsed xenon ultraviolet (PX-UV) light disinfection for reduction of pathogens on high touch surfaces following hospitalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S452-S453
Author(s):  
Joud N Jarrah ◽  
Oscar I Martinez ◽  
Susmita jain ◽  
Piyali Chatterjee ◽  
Hosoon Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Department Of Veterans Affairs ◽  
Bacterial Burden ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Additional Reduction ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Ultraviolet (UV) light disinfection following a manual terminal cleaning process for hospital rooms has been proposed as an additional method to reduce the bacterial burden on surfaces. The impact of UV light disinfection and the level of interdependence between the modalities remains unclear. Methods Samples were collected from 5 high touch surfaces from 10 patients room following discharge prior to manual disinfection, following manual disinfection, and following pulsed xenon UV disinfection using Rodac contact plates (total 150 samples). Colonies were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The bacterial colony counts were recorded and analyzed as pathogenic or commensal organisms (based on CDC criteria) to assess the efficacy of the disinfection process. Results Average colony counts for the rooms prior to disinfection, post disinfection, and post UV light were 185.8 CFU +/- SD 280, 43 CFU +/- 121, and 20 CFU +/- 36.7 respectively. The average drop in colony-forming units of the five high touch areas in patient’s rooms can be seen in table 1. Twelve commensal bacterial species were isolated: Bacillus species (sp.), Corynebacterium sp., Enhydrobacter sp., Kocuria sp., Lysinibacillus sp., Macrococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Paenibacillus sp., Pantoea sp., Psychrobacter sp., Siccibacter sp., Coagulase negative staphylococcus. Seven pathogenic bacteria were isolated: Acinetobacter sp., Brucella sp., Proteus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia sp., Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Reductions in the predominant bacterial species following disinfection modality are noted in table 2. Table 1: Colony forming units (CFUs) average Pre-disinfection (Pre-Dis), Post Disinfection (Post-Dis), and Post PX-UV Light (PX-UV). Table 2: Sub-analysis of commensal and pathogen isolation Pre-Disinfection (Pre-Dis), Post-Disinfection (Post-Dis), and Post PX-UV light (PX-UV). Conclusion A combination of manual disinfection and UV has shown a notable additional reduction in overall bacterial contamination of the patient rooms, including the majority of high touch areas as compared with manual disinfection alone. No additional reduction in commensal bacteria isolates was noted after UV light, however a further decrease in pathogenic bacteria (Acinetobacter and Enterococcus) was noted. UV light may be considered as an additional room disinfection method to reduce overall bacterial burden and pathogenic bacterial contamination of rooms as a comprehensive strategy to reduce nosocomial infections. Disclosures Mark Stibich, n/a, Xenex Germ-Zapping Robots (Board Member, Grant/Research Support) Chetan Jinadatha, MD, MPH, AHRQ (Research Grant or Support)Department of Veterans Affairs (Other Financial or Material Support, Owner: Department of Veterans Affairs. Licensed to: Xenex Disinfection System, San Antonio, TX)Inventor (Other Financial or Material Support, Methods for organizing the disinfection of one or more items contaminated with biological agents)NiH/NINR (Research Grant or Support)NSF (Research Grant or Support)Xenex Healthcare Services (Research Grant or Support)

Sorbitol enhances the physicochemical stability of B12 vitamers

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hadinata Lie ◽  
Maria V Chandra-Hioe ◽  
Jayashree Arcot
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability

Abstract. The stability of B12 vitamers is affected by interaction with other water-soluble vitamins, UV light, heat, and pH. This study compared the degradation losses in cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin due to the physicochemical exposure before and after the addition of sorbitol. The degradation losses of cyanocobalamin in the presence of increasing concentrations of thiamin and niacin ranged between 6%-13% and added sorbitol significantly prevented the loss of cyanocobalamin (p<0.05). Hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin exhibited degradation losses ranging from 24%–26% and 48%–76%, respectively; added sorbitol significantly minimised the loss to 10% and 20%, respectively (p < 0.05). Methylcobalamin was the most susceptible to degradation when co-existing with ascorbic acid, followed by hydroxocobalamin and cyanocobalamin. The presence of ascorbic acid caused the greatest degradation loss in methylcobalamin (70%-76%), which was minimised to 16% with added sorbitol (p < 0.05). Heat exposure (100 °C, 60 minutes) caused a greater loss of cyanocobalamin (38%) than UV exposure (4%). However, degradation losses in hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin due to UV and heat exposures were comparable (>30%). At pH 3, methylcobalamin was the most unstable showing 79% degradation loss, which was down to 12% after sorbitol was added (p < 0.05). The losses of cyanocobalamin at pH 3 and pH 9 (~15%) were prevented by adding sorbitol. Addition of sorbitol to hydroxocobalamin at pH 3 and pH 9 reduced the loss by only 6%. The results showed that cyanocobalamin was the most stable, followed by hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin. Added sorbitol was sufficient to significantly enhance the stability of cobalamins against degradative agents and conditions.

GESTOGENS IN CORPUS LUTEUM OF CATTLE

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (III) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kristoffersen
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT By means of chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods progesterone and a substance closely similar to 20β-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3-one has been detected in luteal tissue from non-pregnant and pregnant cows. In 21 animals quantitative measurements based on a method giving an average net recovery of 56 per cent showed that in pregnancy the average progesterone content in the corpus luteum reached a maximum in the third to fifth month, with low values before and after this period. For 6 nonpregnant cows, the average value was 20.2 μg/g tissue, which is considerably higher than previous values reported in the literature. The relation between these findings and the bovine dependence on a functional corpus luteum in pregnancy is discussed, and it is pointed out that more information about the metabolism of progesterone in cattle is highly desirable.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Three Commercial Disinfectants in Reducing Microbial Surfaces’ Contaminations of Pharmaceuticals Hospital Facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Di Martino ◽  
Salvatore Pasqua ◽  
Bruno Douradinha ◽  
Francesco Monaco ◽  
Chiara Di Bartolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States Pharmacopeia ◽  
Log10 Reduction ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Disinfection Procedure ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
States Pharmacopeia ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Correct Implementation ◽  
Reduction Index

To evaluate and validate the efficacy of disinfectants used in our cleaning procedure, in order to reduce pharmaceutical hospital surfaces’ contaminations, we tested the action of three commercial disinfectants on small representative samples of the surfaces present in our hospital cleanrooms. These samples (or coupons) were contaminated with selected microorganisms for the validation of the disinfectants. The coupons were sampled before and after disinfection and the microbial load was assessed to calculate the Log10 reduction index. Subsequently, we developed and validated a disinfection procedure on real surfaces inside the cleanrooms intentionally contaminated with microorganisms, using approximately 107–108 total colony forming units per coupon. Our results showed a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal efficacy coherent to the acceptance criteria suggested by United States Pharmacopeia 35 <1072>. The correct implementation of our cleaning and disinfection procedure, respecting stipulated concentrations and contact times, led to a reduction of at least 6 Log10 for all microorganisms used. The proposed disinfection procedure reduced the pharmaceutical hospital surfaces’ contaminations, limited the propagation of microorganisms in points adjacent to the disinfected area, and ensured high disinfection and safety levels for operators, patients, and treated surfaces.

scholarly journals The impact of a ‘milking the COW’ campaign in a regional hospital in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surinder Kaur M. S. Pada ◽  
Poh Lishi ◽  
Kim Sim Ng ◽  
Sarathamani Rethenam ◽  
Lilibeth Silagan Alenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Computerisation of various processes in hospitals and reliance on electronic devices raises the concern of contamination of these devices from the patient environment. We undertook this study to determine if an attached hand hygiene device that unlocks the screen of a computer on wheels (COW) on usage can be effective in decreasing the microbiological burden on computer keyboards. Methods An electronic hand sanitizer was integrated onto the COW. A prospective cohort study with a crossover design involving 2 control and 2 intervention wards was used. The study end point was the number of colony forming units found on the keyboards. Bacteria were classified into 4 main groups; pathogenic, skin flora, from the environment or those thought to be commensals in healthy individuals. We then used a mixed effects model for the statistical analysis to determine if there were any differences before and after the intervention. Results Thirty-nine keyboards were swabbed at baseline, day 7 and 14, with 234 keyboards cultured, colony forming units (CFUs) counted and organisms isolated. By mixed model analysis, the difference of mean bacteria count between intervention and control for week 1 was 32.74 (− 32.74, CI − 94.29 to 28.75, p = 0.29), for week 2 by 155.86 (− 155.86, CI − 227.45 to − 83.53, p < 0.0001), and after the 2-week period by 157.04 (− 157.04, CI − 231.53 to − 82.67, p < 0.0001). In the sub-analysis, there were significant differences of pathogenic bacteria counts for the Intervention as compared to the Control in contrast with commensal counts. Conclusion A hand hygiene device attached to a COW may be effective in decreasing the microbiological burden on computer keyboards.

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