scholarly journals Exploring the degrees of distortion in simulated human bite marks

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 1043-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Dama ◽  
Andrew Forgie ◽  
Scheila Mânica ◽  
Gavin Revie
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Photographic Recording ◽  
Human Bite ◽  
Bite Marks ◽  
Bite Mark ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type 3

Abstract The properties of the skin and the posture of the body during photographic recording are factors that cause distortion in the bite mark injury. This study aimed to explore the degree of distortion between a ‘touch mark’ (method 1) and a ‘bite mark’ (method 2) on the left upper arm at three different positions (arm relaxed; arm flexed in two different positions). A pair of dental casts with biting edges coated in ink was used to create a mark in 30 subjects (6 ♂, 24 ♀) aged 20–50 years old. Photographs were taken using a Nikon DX digital camera (D5000). The mesiodistal widths and angle of rotations of both upper right central incisor and lower right central incisor and the inter-canine distances were analysed and compared with the true measurements using Adobe Photoshop CC 2017. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS Statistics 22 applying a 2 (mark type) × 3 (position) repeated measures ANOVA. For all measures studied, there was a statistically significant difference between mark types and positions. In the case of bite marks, a great degree of distortion was detected, and this increased further when changing the position of the arm. The findings demonstrated that skin properties and posture influence distortion. This could lead to inaccurate measurements and misleading pattern interpretation of bite mark injuries.

Comparative assessment of odontometric parameters for gender determination: A hospital based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Mosmi Lomi ◽  
Jonathan Daniel M
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Gender Determination ◽  
Significant Difference

Determining gender is one of the most important procedure in forensics. Teeth are made of the most enduring mineralized tissues in the body, as such, they have an extraordinary resistance to putrefaction and the effects of external agents (physical, thermal, mechanical, chemical or biological) which makes them invaluable material for anthropological, genetic, odontologic and forensic examinations.i)To assess the degree of sexual dimorphism in maxillary canine using maxillary canine index, maxillary first molar and central incisor using mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual/buccopalatal (BL) dimensions of the crown. ii) To determine the accuracy of maxillary canine index, first molar and central incisor dimensions (mesiodistal and buccolingual/buccopalatal) in determining sex.This study consisted of total 30 participants (males=15, females=15) of age group ranging from 20 to 35 yrs. Measurement of dimensions of selected teeth were performed on maxillary cast using digital Vernier caliper, resolution 0.01mm. Data thus obtained were analyzed statistically.The mean values of all the measurements in males were greater than females. There was statistical significant difference in mean value of bucco-lingual width of molar, mesiodistal width of canine (on left side, right side and average) and the inter-canine distance between males and females. The buccolingual width of molar showed the highest % of sexual dimorphism (5.33%) and the mesiodistal width of molar showed the least % of dimorphism (0.7%). Bucco-lingual width of molar posed the highest prediction accuracy for gender determination. We conclude that buccolingual width of maxillary first molar can be used to predict the gender when only teeth of maxillary arch are available for forensic examination.

scholarly journals Comparison of Tympanic and Tail Temperatures in Angus and Brahman Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dikmen S ◽  
Davila KMS ◽  
Rodriquez E ◽  
Scheffler TL ◽  
Oltenacu PA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Brahman Steers ◽  
Core Body

In cattle, core body temperature can be used as an important indicator of heat stress level. However, accurately recording core body temperature can be difficult and labor intensive. The objectives of the current study were 1) to compare the recorded tympanic and tail body temperature measurements in steers and 2) to determine the body temperature change of Angus and Brahman steers in a hot and humid environment. Data was analyzed using a repeated measure model where repeated measures were hourly tympanic and tail temperatures and their difference for individual steers during the day of the experiment. There was a significant breed effect (P=0.01), hour (P<0.0001) and breed by hour interaction (P<0.0001) for the tympanic temperature. Brahman steers, which are known to have superior thermotolerance, maintained a lower body temperature than the Angus steers during the afternoon under grazing conditions. In the Brahman steers there was only a minimal increase in the body temperature throughout the day, an evidence of the thermotolerance ability of the breed. In the Angus steers, which experienced an increase in their body temperature from hour to hour with a peak around 1600 hour; there was a significant difference between the tympanic and tail temperature during the times when the body temperature as measured by the tympanic recordings was the highest (1300 to 1700 hour). Our results indicate that the tympanic temperature can be used to accurately and continuously monitor core body temperature in a natural environment for up to several days and without disturbing the animal.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pedal Pump Lymphatic Technique Versus Passive Recovery Following Maximal Exercise: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne DiFrancisco-Donoghue ◽  
Thomas Chan ◽  
Alexandra S. Jensen ◽  
James E. B. Docherty ◽  
Rebecca Grohman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Protocols

Abstract Context Muscle damage and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) can occur following intense exercise. Various modalities have been studied to improve blood lactate accumulation, which is a primary reason for DOMS. It has been well established that active recovery facilitates blood lactate removal more rapidly that passive recovery due to the pumping action of the muscle. The pedal pump is a manual lymphatic technique used in osteopathic manipulative medicine to increase lymphatic drainage throughout the body. Pedal pump has been shown to increase lymphatic flow and improve immunity. This may improve circulation and improve clearance of metabolites post-exercise. Objective This study compared the use of pedal pump lymphatic technique to passive supine recovery following maximal exercise. Methods 17 subjects (male n = 10, age 23 ± 3.01; female n = 7, age 24 ± 1.8), performed a maximal volume O2 test (VO2 max) using a Bruce protocol, followed by a recovery protocol using either pedal pump technique or supine passive rest for 10 min, followed by sitting for 10 min. Outcome measures included blood lactate concentration (BL), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and VO2. Subjects returned on another day to repeat the VO2 max test to perform the other recovery protocol. All outcomes were measured at rest, within 1- minute post-peak exercise, and at minutes 4, 7, 10 and 20 of the recovery protocols. A 2 × 6 repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare outcome measures (p ≤ 0.05). Results No significant differences were found in VO2, HR, or SBP between any of the recovery protocols. There was no significant difference in BL concentrations for recovery at minutes 4, 7, or 10 (p > 0.05). However, the pedal pump recovery displayed significantly lower BL concentrations at minute 20 of recovery (p = 0.04). Conclusion The pedal pump significantly decreased blood lactate concentrations following intense exercise at recovery minute 20. The use of manual lymphatic techniques in exercise recovery should be investigated further.

scholarly journals USE OF BITEMARKS FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION BY USING INTER-CANINE DISTANCE AND MESIO-DISTAL WIDTH OF MAXILLARY INCISORS.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Sargam R. Parate ◽  
Aayushi Chauhan ◽  
Ashish Bodhade ◽  
Alka Dive
Keyword(s):  
Human Identification ◽  
The Body ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bite Marks ◽  
Bite Mark ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Food Particles ◽  
Maxillary Incisors

Aim: to determine the use of bite marks for human identification by using inter- canine distance and mesio-distal width of maxillary incisors. Introduction: Odontogenic evidence is considered to be the third most precise method of identification of human in forensic sciences. Bite-marks on the body are intentionally made, those found on food particles are usually impractically left by the offender at the scene of crime, these marks are of great importance in identification of the offender. The present study was aimed to determine the use of bitemarks for human identification by using inter-canine distance and mesio-distal width of the maxillary incisors. Materials and Methods: 40 consenting volunteers were included in the study. With the help of autoclaved Vernier calliper, the inter-canine distance and mesio-distal width of maxillary incisors were measured and bite on chocolate (CADBURY 5Star) was taken. Using Vernier calliper, Inter-canine distance and Mesio-distal width (2 maxillary central and 2 lateral incisors), were measured from the bite mark. Both measurements obtained were coded and matching was done by two doubly blinded examiners. Results: The probability of correct identification on the basis of IC distance and MD width obtained from bite-marks is 68.35%. The average proportion of correct matching is 0.78 for IC distance measurement and 0.46 for MD width. Conclusion: Metric method can be used for human identification by using bite-mark. IC distance is more reliable and efficient in human identification than MD width.

scholarly journals Assessment of Blood Glucose and Electrolytes during Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients of Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Abdul Haseeb ◽  
Mohammad Hassaan Khan ◽  
Akash Khetpal ◽  
Muhammad Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Blood Electrolytes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>Perioperative hyperglycemia has been shown to be related to higher levels of morbidity and mortality in patients on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), both diabetic and non-diabetic. Blood electrolytes, like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride play a very important role in the normal functioning of the body and can lead to a variety of clinical disorders if they become deficient. A minimal number of studies have been conducted on the simultaneous perioperative changes in both blood glucose and electrolyte levels during CPB in Pakistan. Therefore, our aim is to record and compare the changes in blood glucose and electrolyte levels during CPB in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: </strong>This was a prospective, observational study conducted on 200 patients who underwent CABG with CPB, from October 2014 to March 2015. The patients were recruited from the Cardiac Surgery Ward, Civil Hospital Karachi after they complied with the inclusion criteria. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the trend of the changes perioperatively for the two groups.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>There was no significant difference in changes in blood glucose between the two groups (<em>P</em> = 0.62). The only significant difference detected between the two groups was for PaCO<sub>2</sub> (<em>P</em> = 0.001). Besides, further analysis revealed insignificant group differences for the trend changes in other blood electrolytes (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Our findings highlighted that there is no significant difference in blood electrolytes changes and the increase in blood glucose levels between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.</p>

scholarly journals How Relevant Is the Place Where First-Year College Students Live in Relation to the Increase in Body Mass Index?

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Antonio Viñuela ◽  
Juan José Criado-Álvarez ◽  
Javier Aceituno-Gómez ◽  
Carlos Durantez-Fernández ◽  
José Luis Martín-Conty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
First Year ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

(1) Objective: This study analyzes the evolution of the body mass index (BMI) throughout the academic year associated with changes in the lifestyle associated with the place where students live during the course, lifestyle design, and health strategies for the university community. (2) Methods: A total of 93 first-year nursing students participated in this study. Data were collected throughout the course by administering self-reported questionnaires about eating habits and lifestyles, weight, and height to calculate their BMI and place of residence throughout the course. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis (Mann–Whitney, chi-square, Student’s t-test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and least significant difference tests). (3) Results: We found that the mean BMI increases significantly throughout the course among all students regardless of sex, age, eating habits, or where they live during the course. At the beginning of the course, the mean BMI was 22.10 ± 3.64. The mean difference between the beginning of the course and the middle has a value of p-value < 0.015 and between the middle of the course and the end a p-value < 0.009. The group that increased the most is found among students who continue to live in the family nucleus rather than those who live alone or in residence. Students significantly changed their eating and health habits, especially those who live alone or in residence. (4) Conclusions: There is an increase in BMI among students. It is necessary to carry out seminars or talks that can help students understand the importance of good eating practices and healthy habits to maintain their weight and, therefore, their health, in the short, medium, and long term and acquire a good quality of life.

scholarly journals Evaluation of reproduction technique of bitemarks printed in chewing gum for human identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e40391211177
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel de Oliveira e Britto Villalobos ◽  
Marta Regina Pinheiro Flores ◽  
Rodrigo Galo ◽  
Antônio Castelo Branco ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Alves da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Plaster Mold ◽  
Human Bite ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Bite Marks ◽  
Bite Mark ◽  
Forensic Investigations

Forensic Odontology is the science that correlates dental and legal principles, used for processes such as human identification. One of the possible acting fields for Forensic Odontologists is the analysis and study of patterns and injuries created by human bite marks. This study aimed to show the applicability of dental marks printed in chewing gum for human identification in forensic investigations. A transversal observational study was carried out. The data was collected from 20 volunteers over 18 years old. Each subject had their upper and lower dental casts and was asked to chew a piece of gum for one minute. The pieces of chewing gum were refrigerated at -20ºC for a week, and reproduced with addition and condensation silicones using an adapted reproduction technique. The analysis of the chewing gum was made by overlays. The ANOVA test showed no significant differences on width and length between the pieces of chewing gum and their reproductions (greatest width p=0.918, and the length p=0.981). The analysis of the reproductions with plaster mold showed that there was no difference when using addition silicone or condensation silicone. During the analysis, various suspects could be excluded from the investigation (up to 11, depending on the technique used), but it was not possible to confirm one of them as the main suspect. The study showed that the reproduction technique of chewing gum is efficient, viable and easily performed; and can be used in cases of human identification in forensic investigations. However, it is necessary to certify that the chewing gum effectively presents a bite mark and that it is correctly handled to avoid alterations. It also became evident that the process of refrigeration is essential for the analysis proposed in this study.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF MUSCULOSKELETAL STRESS ON LUMBAR, SHOULDER, AND WRIST JOINTS WHILE MAKING A BED USING EASYTUCK PAD VERSUS OTHER BED-MAKING TOOLS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARMIA ABDO ◽  
HANI AL-NAKHLI
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Random Order ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Queen Size

Objective: Currently, there are multiple bed-making tools utilized by consumers and businesses with the intention of increasing safety and reducing time to make a bed. In this study, we will compare musculoskeletal stress, time, and preference of making a bed using the EasyTuck pad versus three other bed-making tools and making a bed without any bed-making tool. Methods: A sample of ten subjects performed the task of making a queen size mattress bed with one bottom fitted sheet and one top flat sheet, using the EasyTuck pad versus three other bed-making tools, and making a bed without any bed-making tool, in a random order. Time to make the bed, forces on the low back, shoulders and wrist, and the number of times each individual bent forward were measured during each trial. In addition, subjective preferences were measured using a simple questionnaire. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences between the five different procedures. There were significant differences for all the measured variables. Regarding the time needed to make one bed, the EasyTuck pad had the least time range (80.6 s±4.3), which was approximately 40 s less than making the bed with no tool (p<0.001). Furthermore, for the overall lumbar spine impulse force, the EasyTuck pad had the largest overall reduction in this category (90.6%). Regarding the subjective data, the EasyTuck pad had an overall rating of 9.4 out of 10, compared to the other tools with ratings of 5.9, 5.1, and 3.4 out of 10, which was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Conclusion: Making beds on a regular basis poses risk of injury, especially for those who are required to perform this for their occupation. However, using assistive tools for bed-making, could minimize, and prevent injuries and overload to the lower back, and other parts of the body, making the bed-making task safer. Based on our findings, the EasyTuck pad was by far the most efficient and safest tool to assist in making beds, with the lowest possible risk of injury when compared to all the other tools tested.

Law Firms’ Organizational Impression Management Strategies on Twitter

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doula Zaharopoulos ◽  
Linchi Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Corporate Communications ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us

This study examined the organizational impression management (OIM) strategies adopted by the US law firms on Twitter. The Diction software package for textual analysis of nearly 10,000 tweets, coupled with statistical analysis, was used to assess the significant differences among law firms over 5 years. Although higher revenue law firms were found to exhibit higher certainty and optimism than lower revenue firms, analysis via repeated measures analysis of variance did not show significant differences. When companies’ OIM strategies were observed over a period of 5 years, there was a statistically significant difference in activity between 2011 and 2014. The findings add to the body of corporate communications research through examination of social media OIM strategies used by financially successful US law firms.

scholarly journals The Effect of Acupuncture on the Motor Function and White Matter Microstructure in Ischemic Stroke Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxin Li ◽  
Ya Wang ◽  
Heye Zhang ◽  
Ping Wu ◽  
Wenhua Huang
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Scanning Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Behavioral Score

Evidence shows that ischemic stroke can induce brain structural reorganization. Acupuncture is advised as an adjunct to mainstream rehabilitation after stroke. However, the effectiveness of acupuncture is inconsistent among previous studies. Fourteen ischemic patients were collected and divided into two groups: conventional treatment group (CG) and acupuncture treatment group (AG). The results of a Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and diffusion tensor imaging were collected before and after treatment. The AG exhibited a higher improvement in FMA than the CG. Repeated measures analysis of variance on diffusion data only found a significant main effect for scanning time point in all diffusion indices. In each group, a postpairt-test revealed that diffusion indices values were changed significantly after treatment intervention in the body of the corpus callosum and bilateral corticospinal tracts, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, the inferior frontooccipital fasciculus, the superior longitudinal fasciculus, the forceps minor, the cingulum gyrus, and the thalamic radiation. However, there was no significant difference in the diffusion indices between the two groups. In conclusion, acupuncture had a better behavioral score than traditional medicine treatment. However, acupuncture did not significantly change WM in the AG compared to the CG as expected within one month after the intervention.

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