scholarly journals Challenges for recovery of large carnivores in humanized countries: attitudes and knowledge of sheep farmers towards brown bear in Western Pyrenees, Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Herrero ◽  
Alicia García-Serrano ◽  
Ramón Reiné ◽  
Vicente Ferrer ◽  
Ricardo Azón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Bear ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Compensation Systems ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes And Knowledge ◽  
Livestock Raising ◽  
Western Pyrenees ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

AbstractDuring 2017, we studied knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes towards brown bears by extensive mountain sheep farmers in the Western Pyrenees, using a structured questionnaire, specifically, whether the scarce bear presence, or the administrative region, was influential. Livestock raising practices are mainly family properties and have suffered a strong decline in the last decades. Despite its low abundance (only 2 bear individuals during the study period in the area), there was a generalized negative attitude towards the presence of bears. Farmers considered bear presence as incompatible with sheep mountain herding. One third of them have experienced bear damages, although this was not the main difficulty for the viability of farming practices. They were able to change husbandry practices after wildlife and dog’s damages, increasing vigilance, hiring shepherds, and using livestock guarding dogs, whose work is perceived as satisfactory. Farmers considered that information available about bear and compensation systems for damages was insufficient, and should be improved.

scholarly journals The Return of Large Carnivores and Extensive Farming Systems: A Review of Stakeholders’ Perception at an EU Level

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1735
Author(s):  
Marcello Franchini ◽  
Mirco Corazzin ◽  
Stefano Bovolenta ◽  
Stefano Filacorda
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Large Carnivore ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
Extensive Farming ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

Conflicts between large carnivores and human activities undermine both the maintenance of livestock practices as well as the conservation of carnivores across Europe. Because large carnivore management is driven by a common EU policy, the purpose of this research was to assess stakeholders’ perception towards bears and wolves at an EU level. We conducted a systematic search and subsequent analysis of 40 peer-reviewed studies collected from 1990 to September 2020 within Member States of the EU. Rural inhabitants and hunters exhibited the most negative attitude compared to urban inhabitants and conservationists, whose attitude was more positive. We showed that direct experience with predators as a consequence of ongoing re-colonization may have affected the degree of acceptance of certain categories and that the long-term coexistence between humans and carnivores does not necessarily imply increased tolerance. To encourage coexistence, we recommend monitoring changes in attitudes over time relative to carnivore population dynamics.

scholarly journals The Impact of Texting on Standard English: The Students’ Perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Kaid Mohammed Ali ◽  
S. Imtiaz Hasnain ◽  
M. Salim Beg
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
English Second Language ◽  
Esl Learners ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Academic Year

Overindulgence in social networking, in general, and texting, in particular, is much in practice. It is cutting across various population boundaries and has almost assumed an endemic proportion. Its consequential impact on the standard language has acquired greater importance. This paper aims to determine the perceptions and attitudes of English Second Language (ESL) learners at Aligarh Muslim University towards the consequences of texting on Standard English. The data were collected through a five-point scale questionnaire from ninety students who were enrolled at Aligarh Muslim University during the academic year 2010-2011. The respondents completed a 16-item questionnaire. The students from which the data were collected were grouped according to their levels. The results indicate the negative impact of this new usage of the language in breaking the rules of English language and influencing their literacy. Moreover, the questionnaire results from respondents' point of view show that regardless of their heavy use of texting, most respondents have a negative attitude towards texting and they viewed it as a threat to Standard English.

Patients’ perceptions about medical students’ involvement in their health care at a teaching hospital in Jordan: A cross sectional study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Taha ◽  
Jawaher Khaled Al Saqer ◽  
Noora Rashed Al Harbi ◽  
Rand Nidal Younis ◽  
Fatma Dawoud Al Dawoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

BACKGROUND Medical students’ involvement in patients’ care varies due to patient’s willingness, as some consider it as an invasion of their privacy and exposure of their disease status. Thus, exploring patients' perceptions and attitudes towards this interaction should be thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVE To better understand the attitude of Jordanian patients towards the presence of medical students’ during their consultations and provide evidence-based data to improve the training of future doctors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jordan University Hospital using a structured questionnaire to interview 420 patients from the out-patients’ clinics of the departments; Internal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, and Surgery. Descriptive and multivariate data analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 25.0). RESULTS Of the patients interviewed, 94% were aware that they were in a teaching hospital, 92% approved the existence of medical students’ during their consultation and 80% accepted to be observed and examined by medical student in the presence of a senior doctor. Almost 83% of the patients believed that their consent should be obtained first and 58% of them indicated that the students asked for consent prior to interacting with them. Around 64% of the participants indicated that the maximum acceptable number of students during the consultation should not exceed 2-3, 64% had no preferred gender to interact with and 59% had no preferred training year. CONCLUSIONS Patients showed an overall positive stance towards the involvement of medical students’ in their healthcare. The majority were delighted to see medical students’ while some expressed concerns over their privacy due to the large number of students and because some do not ask for their consent. It is essential to apply medical ethics practices together with patient centered approach.

Factors Lowering Levels of Rabies Vaccination: A case of Kibaha Town District of Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
F.M. Chikoondo ◽  
K.S. Majid ◽  
C.A.R. Mpelumbe-Ngeleja
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dog Ownership ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Rabies Vaccination ◽  
Linear Trends ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

A study was conducted in Kibaha Town Council of Pwani Region of Tanzania to survey the probable factors that negatively affected the anti-rabies vaccinations leading to low percent coverage in some selected wards. The data used in this study were gathered from households keeping dogs and cats and institutions, using a semi-structured questionnaire and interviews. Another set of data was the record of the rabies control programme at the district veterinary office. Analysis of the data was done using SPSS.16, Microsoft Excel 2007 and EpiInfoTM7. The enquiry instrument centred on three main fields, namely, knowledge of respondents about rabies, responsible dog ownership and their perception of issues pertaining to the conduct of the rabies control programme. The results showed that the last round of vaccination covered dogs for 57% of the sampled households in the selected wards. A huge percentage of the respondents (64%) kept the wrong perception that clinical rabies could be cured. Only 34% of the respondents indicated that they had been taught about rabies in a WHO project area. It was also learnt that there was an outbreak of rabies in the district after 2 years of consecutively vaccinating the dogs in the area. The Chi- square test for linear trends showed very highly significant statistical differences in the progression of numbers of dogs vaccinated over the years (p<0.05; = 0.0000). This study concludes that, lack of sufficient knowledge on rabies and negative attitude towards the control programme were the biggest drawbacks on the vaccination coverage.

scholarly journals Alacrity of Preschool Education Teachers to Work with Children in Inclusive Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
N. Diatlenko ◽  
◽  
A. Goncharenko ◽  
H. Smolnykova ◽  
D. Sabol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
Teacher Training Programs ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

To make preschool inclusion successful and to have children gain the expected benefits, teachers need to be provided with functional teacher training programs that foster positive attitudes and provide them with a meaningful experience. The purpose of the study was to investigate the readiness of educators of preschool education institutions in Kyiv to work in inclusive classrooms. In the process of integration into the European community, Ukraine has focused on educational reforms, in particular, the creation of conditions for the introduction of inclusive education in educational institutions. The parameters of the research are taken into account, such as attitude to the idea of inclusion, possession of the necessary arsenal of pedagogical practices, understanding of barriers and ways to overcome them on the way to the organization of inclusive education. A structured questionnaire of preschool teachers attempts to reveal their attitudes towards inclusive education in general and to assess the conditions that promote or hinder the emergence of willingness and willingness to work in an inclusive group. The results of the study showed that a significant number of educators have a negative attitude to the idea of inclusion, believing that children should study in special groups or in special institutions (but not boarding schools). Educators name a number of barriers that prevent them from being positive about inclusive education, and underestimate their readiness for such work.

scholarly journals Occurrence of large carnivores – Lynx lynx, Canis lupus, and Ursus arctos – and of Felis silvestris in the Czech Republic and western Slovakia in 2012–2016 (Carnivora)

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Kutal ◽  
Elisa Belotti ◽  
Josefa Volfová ◽  
Tereza Mináriková ◽  
Luděk Bufka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Felis Silvestris ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
The Czech Republic

Abstract In the last decades, large carnivores – the grey wolf (Canis lupus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and brown bear (Ursus arctos), and to a certain extent also the wildcat (Felis silvestris) – have increased their distribution ranges throughout Europe. Monitoring of their current distribution and population trends in the Czech Republic is crucial for the effective conservation and elimination of possible conflicts with humans in the future. In the last years, many projects focused on small-scale monitoring of large carnivores were implemented in the Czech Republic and the neighbouring mountain ranges of Slovakia. Using their results, we compiled the dataset from different regions and analysed the recent distribution of large carnivores and the wildcat. The distribution maps are based on verified data on the presence and reproduction in 2012–2016. This is consistent with the standardized methodology used across Europe. The Eurasian lynx was the most widespread of all large carnivore species in the Czech Republic, with the two trans-boundary populations (Carpathian and Bohemian-Bavarian-Austrian) occupying 94 out of 868 squares (10.8%) of the mapping grid of the Czech Republic. Reproduction was confirmed in 46.8% of the occupied squares. The grey wolf occupied 6.8% of the squares in the Czech Republic and its reproduction was confirmed in 10.2% of the occupied squares. Three reproducing packs belonging to the Central European lowland population were confirmed and the area occupied by the species increased three times within the study period. The brown bear occupied 2.8% of the squares of the Czech Republic – the area is restricted to the Carpathians – with no signs of reproduction; its distribution fluctuated heavily during the study period. The wildcat occupied the smallest range of the Czech Republic among the studied species (1.4% of the squares) but its reproduction was confirmed in a trans-boundary area (White Carpathians) at the Slovakian side of the border. The wildcat also significantly increased its range from one to six squares during the study period.

scholarly journals Nomen omen. Toponyms predict recolonization and extinction patterns for large carnivores

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Clara Tattoni
Keyword(s):  
Brown Bear ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
The Past ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Contraction And Expansion ◽  
Over Time

The names given to places are a legacy of the past distribution of animal and plant species. The hypothesis tested in this work is that the density of toponyms can be used to predict the range of two large and charismatic species over time: the wolf and the brown bear in Italy. Kernel density maps of the toponyms were created and different thresholds of density were overlapped with the present and the historical ranges for both species. The density level maps were tested with the Kappa statistics against available historical ranges for both species. The pattern of the density in toponyms overlapped with the pattern of contraction and expansion reported in literature for both species over time. The minimum historical distributions of wolves and brown bears occurred at the highest densities of toponyms (95% isopleth value) and, overall, the various kernels thresholds showed an excellent agreement with the historical maps with an average Kappa of 0.84 ± 0.5.

scholarly journals Dynamics of value chain in Climate Resilient Vegetable Practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Ujjal Raj Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Vegetable Farming ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The vegetable production is based on the farmer's initiation into which the processes combine with the climate resilient techniques and marketing strategy. The study is also an introduction of an integrated process of climate resilient practices that can help in coping with climate change related problems. The main objective of the study is to analyze the value chain of climate resilient vegetable farming practices. The study was carried out in Udayapur district of Nepal. The data used for the study were from Himalica pilot project initiated by ICIMOD. Primary data were collected from 300 vegetable farmer's households using a semi-structured questionnaire and checklist for interviews with farmers groups. The value chain study shows that profit of farmers depends on the market type and farmer's revenue increases when they sell their produce through farmer's co-operatives. The farmers need material support, technology as well as farmers group organization in order to increase the profit and to mitigate the risk from climate change and climate variability. The study found that value chain of vegetable farming has benefits in terms of social, economic and environmental aspects.

scholarly journals Coexistence with Bears in Romania: A Local Community Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7167
Author(s):  
Petru Tudor Stăncioiu ◽  
Ioan Dutcă ◽  
Marian Cristian Bălăcescu ◽  
Ștefan Vasile Ungurean
Keyword(s):  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
General Preference ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
Competition For Resources

In the modern context of the strict protection of large carnivores, the competition for resources between local community dwellers and these animals has become an important challenge for ensuring coexistence—the key for conservation success. To assess the perceptions of this intricate relationship, six local communities from Central Romania, located in areas with high-density brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) population and frequent conflicts, were investigated. A large proportion of the respondents (69%) showed various forms of intolerance (e.g., relocation, punishment, or killing) towards aggressive bears. However, the cognitive evaluation score derived from the level of interaction with bears showed a non-significant (p = 0.470) segregation by tolerance levels, suggesting that not only the tangible costs (direct damage) but rather the psychological costs of fear, danger, or risk are more important drivers of negative attitudes towards bears. Furthermore, the prevalent experienced emotions towards an inoffensive bear (fear, terror, and hate, which represent 73%) underline the general preference for living in “separate worlds”. This requires that bears should avoid humans and their settlements, a goal unlikely to be achieved under the current strict protection regime. Therefore, an alternative strategy that ensures mutual avoidance of the two players may be more appropriate for successful human–bear coexistence.

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