scholarly journals Assessment of the Rationality of Gender Studies from the Perspective of Bocheński’s Concept of Philosophical Superstition

Philosophia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdzisław Kieliszek
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Studies ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Gender Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
Superstitious Beliefs

AbstractIn recent years, the issue of the determinants of human gender identity has been lively discussed. In such discussions, there are numerous supporters of the belief that a person’s gender identity does not depend directly on a given individual’s biological endowment with sex, but is the result of various socio-cultural circumstances in which a given person lives. This view began to gain popularity in the scientific community in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It is now considered paradigmatic in the rapidly evolving interdisciplinary study of cultural gender development, which is commonly referred to as gender studies. Representatives of gender studies often present the findings obtained in the course of their research as brilliant and modern. However, when viewed through the concept of philosophical superstition, authored by the Polish logician Józef Maria Bocheński (1902–1995), it can be concluded that the proponents of gender studies significantly exaggerate the intellectual momentum of their conclusions and postulates. Furthermore, one can even say that according to Bocheński’s concept of philosophical superstition, gender studies is a discipline which only creates a semblance of rationality (truth). This is because gender studies fail all six criteria which, as Bocheński maintains, distinguish beliefs, views, and theories which are manifestly irrational from those which are not philosophical superstitions. The article consists of three parts. In the first part, Bocheński’s concept of philosophical superstition is discussed and, in particular, the criteria are outlined which, in Bocheński’s opinion, allow one to identify philosophically superstitious thinking. This section also provides examples of philosophically superstitious beliefs, views and theories that fall under each of the criteria. In the second part, gender studies are characterized in terms of the basic assumptions adopted within this trend, as well as its theses and postulates. The third part of the article is devoted to the assessment of gender studies with the use of criteria which, according to Bocheński, make it possible to distinguish theories, beliefs and views without the hallmarks of rationality from those that are not philosophically superstitious.

Violencia de (L) género: “Hacia una sofística de la materialidad de los cuerpos” / Violent gender: “To a sophistry of the materiality of bodies”

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (09) ◽  
pp. 83-97
Author(s):  
Claudio Reyes Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
Material Body ◽  
Aristotelian Logic ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Critical Gender Studies

Los estudios críticos de género sustancialistas desconocen su posición teórico-política en el momento de explayar algunas de sus hipótesis fundamentales. El presente estudio intenta dar cuenta de las consecuencias éticas que asume llevar hasta el final algunas de estas posiciones teóricas. Advertimos así que obras fundamentales de estos estudios se apropian con claridad, y sin saberlo, de una lógica aristotélica para tratar la asunción material del cuerpo, el sujeto y el género ¿Qué encontramos específicamente en esta lógica? Esta última se caracteriza por tener su raíz en una ontología inamovible, en donde cualquier intento de desbaratar el “ser” tiene como respuesta inmediata la exclusión violenta de la diferencia: concretamente observamos esto, dialogando tanto con colegas como legos, en la “violencia académica” pero también en la “violencia cotidiana” ¿Cómo salir del cierre metafísico que ha mantenido durante décadas la violencia y exclusión de aquello que se generó en primera instancia, paradójicamente, como argumentación de tolerancia y emancipación? Pensamos que deconstruyendo el discurso de género aristotélico podremos vislumbrar nuevas hipótesis y posiciones ético-políticas que no recurran, para validarse, a la exclusión violenta de nuevos cuerpos-sujetos-géneros. Some critical gender studies do not know their theoretical and political position at the time to developing some of their basic assumptions. This study attempts to explain the ethical consequences that lead to the end some of these theoretical positions. We realize that fundamental works of these studies clearly appropriating, and without knowing it, an aristotelian logic to justify the assumption of material body, the subject and gender. What specifically found in this logic? It is characterized to found on an immovable ontology, where any attempt to disrupt the “being” has as an immediate violent response to exclude the difference: specifically we observe this, dialoguing with colleagues and laymen, in the “academic violence” but also “everyday violence”. How to get out of the metaphysical closure that maintained for decades the violence and exclusion of what is generated in the first place, paradoxically, as argument of tolerance and emancipation? We think deconstructing the aristotelian discourse of gender can warn new hypotheses and ethical positions that not based, to validate, on a violent exclusion of new bodies-subject-genres positions.

scholarly journals Human Rights Violation of Transgender People: A Critical Analysis on Bangladesh Perspective

2018 ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Puja Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
The Third ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Third Gender

Transgender people are discriminated based on their gender identity, especially, in the societies of South Asian countries. The legal recognition of this ‘third sex’ had to wait long in countries like India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh. The human rights of these people are being violated in every sector although having been recognized as ‘citizens’ by their respective governments. Many countries have already started to let them get involved in different social and economic activities. In 2013, the Bangladesh government declared the status of the third gender to the transgender people of its territory. This recognition was aimed to protect all the human rights of the third gender enabling them to identify their gender as ‘Hijra’ in all government documents and passport. Section 27 of the Constitution of Bangladesh states that ‘All the citizens are equal before the law and are entitled to equal protection of law’. But the legal protection of the human rights of the newly recognized third gender is questionable till now. The Prevention of Oppression against Women and Children Act, 2000 describes the rights of only women and children. In Bangladesh, the transgender people are becoming rape victims everywhere but unlike women and children, their rape cases never get filed as the police officers do not even believe that anyone can rape these third genders. This social taboo and negligence are costing the sexual minorities their human rights like legal protection. Therefore, it has become important to address this issue to create social awareness which might induce the urgency to practice equal laws for every gender identity. In this paper, a critical analysis of the human rights of Bangladeshi transgendered people has been performed. Finally, the human rights condition of transgender people of Nepal and India is also discussed.

Building a global scientific community

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Stefan Bargheer
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
European Research ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social

The three volumes reviewed in this essay assemble over 40 case studies written by more than 50 contributors that trace the development of the social sciences and humanities in Europe (East and West) and a number of countries in Latin America, North Africa, and East Asia. Two of these volumes grew out of the European research project ‘International Cooperation in the Social Sciences and Humanities’ (INTERCO-SSH); the third volume extends the focus of this project to Eastern Europe. A particularly innovative aspect shared by all contributions is the application of a transnational research perspective.

scholarly journals Martyrs made in the sky: the Zénith balloon tragedy and the construction of the French Third Republic's first scientific heroes

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-386
Author(s):  
Patrick Luiz Sullivan De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Claude Bernard ◽  
Made In

Following the balloon's invention in 1783, the French greeted the technology with enthusiasm, speculating extensively about its potential scientific and practical applications. However, the lack of progress in navigating against the winds discredited ballooning, and in the following decades it became the domain of spectacular forms of entertainment and of swindlers trying to defraud public subscriptions. All of this changed after the 1870–1871 Franco-Prussian War, during which balloons were used to breach the siege of Paris. This essay explores how the aeronautical community, led by the recently established Société Française de Navigation Aérienne, mobilized the memory of the war to transform the balloon into a symbol of a heroic republican science. Paramount in that process was the Zénith 's 1875 high-altitude ascent that killed two aeronauts—Joseph Crocé-Spinelli and Théodore Sivel. The tragedy reverberated beyond France's scientific community, and through popular acclaim the two aeronauts became the Third Republic's first scientific martyrs, anticipating the eventual apotheoses of figures like Claude Bernard and Louis Pasteur. The ballooning revival in the last third of the century helped strengthen the association between France and aeronautics, thus setting the stage for the country to acquire a central position in the field by the early twentieth century.

scholarly journals COVID-19 IN CHILDREN: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer F Ha
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
Timely Fashion ◽  
Pertinent Information

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the third known zoonotic coronavirus. It is a disease that does not spare any age group. The scientific community has been inundated with information since January 2020. This review aims to summarise pertinent information relating to COVID-19 in children. Method: Literature search was conducted in 2020 on the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases, with the keywords “COVID 19” and “children”. A bibliographic search of articles included was also undertaken. The abstracts were scanned to assess their appropriateness to be included in this narrative review. The data was updated on 11th April 2020. Result: The aetiology, transmission, incubation, pathophysiology, clinical features and complications, and management are discussed in this study. Conclusion: Our understanding of COVID-19 is evolving as more reports are being published. The growth of SARS-CoV2 is limited in children and they are often asymptomatic. The disease course is also milder. Continued research to understand its effect in children is important to help us manage the disease in these vulnerable populations in a timely fashion.

scholarly journals Doing Gender Through Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Cabra
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Studies ◽  
Doing Gender ◽  
Sociocultural Psychology

in play. I build on feminist questionings of the notion of gender identity within the field of gender studies, to outline a sociocultural, psychological proposition. I propose to bridge the problem of sameness and fluidity in gender through the notion of psychological patterns, as semiotic and relational modes through which people express and develop their actions (Cabra, in press; Zittoun, 2020). The paper proceeds in three moves. First, I present the central tenets of a sociocultural psychology and develop an understanding of gender within this perspective. Second, I present and develop the idea of psychological patterns. Third, to substantiate my proposition, I present two examples of children doing gender and the patterns I argue they have so far developed.

scholarly journals Current situation of LGTBI community in Spain. A legislative analysis about recognized rights and protection of victims of discrimination based on sexual orientation and / or gender identity or expression

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-164
Author(s):  
Cristina R. Córdoba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Right

The last decades have meant an advance in the rights and legal protections of LGTBI community however real equality has not yet been achieved. Societies have discrimination against LGTBI community in all areas especially in the workplace, where they have high rates of unemployment and prostitution. These discriminations end in attacks against people based on their sexual orientation and/or gender identity or expression. These are the third more frequent in hate crimes. In addition to national and regional laws in force Spain has two bills whose objective is to achieve real equality in LGTBI matters and to recognize the right of gender self-determination at the national level. The primary objective of that research is to analyze the current situation of LGTBI community in Spain in legal matters.

scholarly journals Decentring Identity (Cultural, Political, Gender Identity in The Museum of Unconditional Surrender by Dubravka Ugrešić)

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 295-314
Author(s):  
Senka Anastasova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Studies ◽  
Research Center

Author(s): Senka Anastasova | Сенка Анастасова Title (English): Decentring Identity (Cultural, Political, Gender Identity in The Museum of Unconditional Surrender by Dubravka Ugrešić) Title (Macedonian): Децентрирање на идентитетот (културен, политички, родов идентитет во Музејот на безусловното предавање од Дубравка Угрешиќ) Translated by (Macedonian to English): Senka Anastasova | Сенка Анастасова Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 6, No. 2-3 (Summer 2007 - Winter 2008) Publisher: Research Center in Gender Studies - Skopje and Euro-Balkan Institute  Page Range: 295-314 Page Count: 20 Citation (English): Senka Anastasova, “Decentring Identity (Cultural, Political, Gender Identity in The Museum of Unconditional Surrender by Dubravka Ugrešić),” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 6, No. 2-3 (Summer 2007 - Winter 2008): 295-314. Citation (Macedonian): Сенка Анастасова, „Децентрирање на идентитетот (културен, политички, родов идентитет во Музејот на безусловното предавање од Дубравка Угрешиќ)“, Идентитети: списание за политика, род и култура, т. 6, бр. 2-3 (лето 2007 - зима 2008): 295-314.

scholarly journals Strategic Conceptual Engineering for Epistemic and Social Aims

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Brigandt ◽  
Esther Rosario
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Conceptual Engineering ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Psychological Features

This chapter advocates strategic conceptual engineering, that is, the employment of a (possibly novel) concept for specific epistemic or social aims, concomitant with the openness to use a different concept for other contexts. We illustrate this approach by sketching three distinct concepts of gender and arguing that all of them are needed, as they answer to different social aims. The first concept serves the aim of identifying and explaining gender-based discrimination. It is similar to Haslanger’s account, except that rather than offering a definition of ‘woman’ we focus on ‘gender’ as one among several axes of discrimination. The second concept of gender is to assign legal rights and social recognitions, and is to be trans-inclusive. We argue that this cannot be achieved by previously suggested concepts (including Jenkins’s) that include substantial gender-related psychological features or awareness of social expectations. The third concept of gender serves the aim of personal empowerment through gender identity. This chapter points to contexts where a concept’s role in explanation and moral reasoning can be more important than determining the extensions of concepts.

scholarly journals THE KUHNIAN NOTION OF PARADIGM IN THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DEBATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-19
Author(s):  
Hristina Dobreva
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Future ◽  
Bridge Building

The paper reviews some of the major IR scholars and how they view the applicability of Kuhn’s notion of paradigm in the case of the third IR debate. The starting point is Laipd’s idea of positivism versus post-positivism. I argue that pessimism and optimism are interrelated in the debate. Also, for the future, if the IR scientific community wants to contribute to real problem solution, it should not restrict to the narrow notion of Kuhn’s paradigm. However, there should be some loose sense of a paradigm as a cumulation of lessons learned. The grand theorizing or bridge-building should be replaced by the idea of lots of “doors” or many mediators linking only certain issues in different approaches. If there is only one bridge, this will not adequately reflect the emerging stage of proliferation of pluralism in the field. The pragmatic tendency is towards eclecticism of the approaches. Elements are interrelated and the border between positivism and relativism is moving.

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