The Impact of Selenium Fertilization on the Quality Characteristics of Spring Wheat Grain

Selenium is a micronutrient that is important for the proper functioning of the body. The research presented in this paper investigated the impact of various methods of selenium fertilization at various stages of plant growth on its content in grain and the quality properties of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Selenium fertilization did not affect the grain yield; however, it increased the selenium content in the grain. The research results showed that the accumulation of Se depends not only on the dose of the fertilizer but also on the stage of plant growth when the element is introduced. The most effective method of fertilization proved to be seed treatment and soil application combined with the foliar application at the tillering and stem elongation stages (G + S + F1-2), as well as at the stem elongation stage alone (G + S + F2). In terms of quality characteristics, the impact of selenium fertilization was observed only in the case of the falling number and the total protein content; all the parameters allowed for the grain to be classified as suitable for bread-making. Selenium fertilization can be considered as a safe way of increasing the Se content in spring wheat, which may contribute to an increase in the technological quality of the grain and its nutritional value.

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Exogenous application of growth stimulators improves the condition of maize exposed to soil drought

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum ◽

10.1007/s11738-021-03232-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Agnieszka Ostrowska ◽

Maciej T. Grzesiak ◽

Tomasz Hura

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Development Stage ◽

Photochemical Activity ◽

Soil Drought ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Induced Changes ◽

The Impact

AbstractSoil drought is a major problem in plant cultivation. This is particularly true for thermophilic plants, such as maize, which grow in areas often affected by precipitation shortage. The problem may be alleviated using plant growth and development stimulators. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), zearalenone (ZEN), triacontanol (TRIA) and silicon (Si) on water management and photosynthetic activity of maize under soil drought. The experiments covered three developmental stages: three leaves, stem elongation and heading. The impact of these substances applied during drought stress depended on the plant development stage. 5-ALA affected chlorophyll levels, gas exchange and photochemical activity of PSII. Similar effects were observed for ZEN, which additionally induced stem elongation and limited dehydration. Beneficial effects of TRIA were visible at the stage of three leaves and involved leaf hydration and plant growth. A silicon preparation applied at the same developmental stage triggered similar effects and additionally induced changes in chlorophyll levels. All the stimulators significantly affected transpiration intensity at the heading stage.

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Selenium Biofortification of Wheat as a Strategy to Improve Human Nutrition

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11020144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 144

Author(s):

Aleksandra Radawiec ◽

Wiesław Szulc ◽

Beata Rutkowska

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Sodium Selenate ◽

Control Group ◽

Selenium Content ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Elongation Phase ◽

Fertilisation Treatment ◽

Foliar Fertilisation

This paper analyses the effects of soil and foliar fertilization with sodium selenate (VI) on the selenium content in spring wheat grain. The research was carried out at the Departmental Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture WULS in Skierniewice in 2018 and 2019. The dose of selenium used was 5.00 g Se·ha−1 in various development stages of spring wheat. The results showed that selenium fertilisation did not affect the size of the grain yield, but both soil and foliar fertilisation significantly increased the content of selenium in wheat grain compared to the control group. The highest Se content was obtained with the method of soil fertilisation combined with the foliar application with a total dose of 10.00 g·ha-1 Se in the stem elongation phase (S + F2), and in the tillering and stem elongation phase (S + F1 + F2), which resulted in the values of 0.615 and 0.719 mg·kg−1 Se in grain, respectively. On this basis, it was concluded that the best time to carry out foliar fertilisation treatment is in the stem elongation phase (BBCH 30–39). The results show that the greatest increase in selenium content in the grain is achieved with soil and foliar fertilisation combined.

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Impact of Exogenous Plant Growth Regulators on Physiological Traits, Tendril and Flowering in Horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam) under Kharif Season

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-4771 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R. Sivakumar

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Leaf Temperature ◽

Physiological Traits ◽

Mepiquat Chloride ◽

Kharif Season ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Background: Horsegram is an important pulse crop grown as Rabi crop in Tamil Nadu. Kharif sown crop could not flowers may be because of more number of tendrils produced as compare to Rabi sown crop. Hence, an attempt was made to reduce the number of tendrils and induce flowering in horsegram during Kharif season by plant growth regulators. Methods: A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of plant growth regulators viz., salicylic acid (100 ppm), chlormequat chloride (CCC - 250 ppm), mepiquat chloride (250 ppm), tri iodo benzoic acid (TIBA - 200 ppm) and nitrobenzene (0.2%) on physiological traits and tendril growth associated with flowering in horsegram during Kharif. Different treatments were applied through foliar application at 25 Days after sowing. Result: Among the PGRs, foliar application of TIBA registered the lowest number of tendrils (2.3) followed by CCC (3.0) compared to other treatments. Higher root length of 16.8 cm and RWC of 82.3% was found in CCC treatment. CCC also registered the highest photosynthetic rate (27.15 µmol m-2 s-1), transpiration rate (18.06 mmol m-2 s-1) and lowest leaf temperature (26°C) compared to other treatments. The highest soluble protein content of 13.1 mg g-1 was also estimated in CCC treatment followed by mepiquat chloride (12.51 mg g-1). Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity did not show any significant difference between the treatments. Number of flowers buds formed per plant was zero and hence the flowering did not take place in any treatments. Among the plant growth regulators used, TIBA and CCC registered its positive action on reduced the number of tendrils and leaf temperature, but not enough to induce flowering under Kharif season.

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Concurrent Drought and Temperature Stress in Rice—A Possible Result of the Predicted Climate Change: Effects on Yield Attributes, Eating Characteristics, and Health Promoting Compounds

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16061043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 1043 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alphonsine Mukamuhirwa ◽

Helena Persson Hovmalm ◽

Hans Bolinsson ◽

Rodomiro Ortiz ◽

Obedi Nyamangyoku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Total Protein Content ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Stress Memory ◽

Drought And Heat Stress ◽

The Impact

Despite the likely increasing co-occurrence of drought and heat stress, not least in equatorial regions, due to climate change, little is known about the combinational effect of these stresses on rice productivity and quality. This study evaluated the impact of simultaneous drought and temperature stress on growth, grain yield, and quality characteristics of seven rice cultivars from Rwanda, grown in climate chambers. Two temperature ranges—23/26 °C night/day and 27/30 °C night/day—together with single or repeated drought treatments, were applied during various plant developmental stages. Plant development and yield were highly influenced by drought, while genotype impacted the quality characteristics. The combination of a high temperature with drought at the seedling and tillering stages resulted in zero panicles for all evaluated cultivars. The cultivar ‘Intsindagirabigega’ was most tolerant to drought, while ‘Zong geng’ was the most sensitive. A “stress memory” was recorded for ‘Mpembuke’ and ‘Ndamirabahinzi’, and these cultivars also had a high content of bioactive compounds, while ’Jyambere’ showed a high total protein content. Thus, climate change may severely impact rice production. The exploitation of genetic diversity to breed novel rice cultivars that combine drought and heat stress tolerance with high nutritional values is a must to maintain food security.

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Fertilizing behavior of extract of organomineral-activated biochar: low-dose foliar application for promoting lettuce growth

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture ◽

10.1186/s40538-021-00222-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abhay Kumar ◽

Stephen Joseph ◽

Ellen R. Graber ◽

Sara Taherysoosavi ◽

David R. G. Mitchell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Carbon Nanomaterials ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Foliar Sprays ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Fostering plant growth and improving agricultural yields by adding “macro”-sized biochar to soil has been extensively explored. However, the impact and mechanism of action of aqueous extracts of biochar applied as foliar fertilizer on plant growth and physiology is poorly understood, and was the objective of this study. Extracts were produced from biochars derived from pine wood:clay:sand (PCS-BC; 70:15:15) and wheat straw:bird manure (WB-BC; 50:50) and tested at two dilutions each. The plant influence of the biochar extracts and dilutions were compared with chemical fertilizer made up to the same minor trace element compositions as the applied extracts and a control treatment consisting of only deionized water. Results The WB-BC extract was more alkaline than the PCS-BC extract and exhibited higher electrical conductivity values. Similar to the biochars from which they were derived, the WB-BC extract had higher concentrations of dissolved mineral elements and organic matter than the PCS-BC extract. Despite major differences in chemical composition between the PCS-BC and WB-BC extracts, there was virtually no difference in plant performance between them at any chosen dilution. Foliar application of PCS25, WB50, and WB100 led to a significant increase in the plant fresh biomass in comparison to their corresponding chemical fertilizer and to deionized water. Plant growth parameters including number of leaves and chlorophyll contents in plants treated with biochar extract foliar sprays were significantly higher than in all the other treatments. Electron microscopy and spectroscopy studies showed the deposition of macro- and nanoscale organomineral particles and agglomerates on leaf surfaces of the examined PCS25-treated plant. Detailed study suggests that carbon nanomaterials and TiO2 or Si-rich nanoscale organomineral complexes or aluminosilicate compounds from biochar extract were main contributors to increased plant growth and improved plant performance. Conclusion These results suggest that biochar extracts have the potential to be used as nanofertilizer foliar sprays for enhancing plant growth and yield.

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Agrotechnical Biofortification as a Method to Increase Selenium Content in Spring Wheat

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 541

Author(s):

Aleksandra Radawiec ◽

Wiesław Szulc ◽

Beata Rutkowska

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Sodium Selenate ◽

Selenium Content ◽

Human Diet ◽

Soil Fertilization ◽

Soil Application

Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient that is insufficiently present in the human diet. Increasing its content in food through appropriately matched agricultural practices may contribute to reducing Se deficit in humans. The study covered the effect of grain, soil, as well as grain and soil fertilization with selenium combined with foliar application at different stages of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) development. The fertilization involved the application of sodium selenate. Fertilization with selenium had no significant effect on the grain yield. Grain application, soil application, and grain and soil application combined with foliar application at particular development stages of the plant significantly contributed to an increase in selenium content in grain. The study showed that the accumulation of selenium in spring wheat depends on the type of fertilization and term of its application. The best method of introducing selenium into the plant is grain and soil fertilization combined with foliar application at the stage of tillering and stem elongation (G + S+F1-2) for which the highest selenium content was obtained (0.696 mg·kg−1 Se). The applied biofortification methods contributed to the increase in selenium in the grain of spring wheat.

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Application of Plant Growth Regulators on Soft White Winter Wheat under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Scenarios in Irrigated Fields

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10070305 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 305 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ruijun Qin ◽

Christos Noulas ◽

Don Wysocki ◽

Xi Liang ◽

Guojie Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Management Practice ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Spike Density ◽

Chlormequat Chloride ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

The Impact

Lodging in cereal crops can result in yield loss and harvesting difficulties for growers. Application of plant growth regulator (PGR) has been an indispensable management practice to reduce lodging problems that are often exacerbated during high wind growing conditions and/or high nitrogen (N)/water environments, but the data is limited in the Columbia Basin of Oregon. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of two PGR products (chlormequat chloride-CC, trinexapac-ethyl-TE) at different rates and application timings on two soft white winter wheat varieties (ORCH-102 and SY Ovation). Crop growth (stem height and thickness), yield-related (spike density as ears m−2, seeds per spike, grain weight) and quality parameters (test weight, protein) were measured for two cropping seasons from October 2017 to July 2019 following the application of the two PGR products at tillering (GS21-26), stem elongation (GS30-32), and/or flag leaf (GS37-39) stages under a high-N fertilizer scenario. In both growing seasons, no lodging problems were recorded for any treatments. The plant height was reduced after PGR application, but the impact on stem thickness was limited. PGR application slightly affected wheat yield, yield components, testing weight, and protein level in both growing seasons. Our results suggested that the effect of PGR application is relatively limited if no lodging problem occurred.

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Results of study yield and grain quality of spring wheat varieties

Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.5564/mjas.v31i3.1539 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 105-110

Author(s):

Batbold Serchin ◽

Ganbaatar Bodisad ◽

Urtnasan Ganbaatar

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Bread Making ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Early Maturing

The study was provided in IPAS during 2016-2019. The objective of this study was to determine the grain quality characteristics of spring wheat varieties based on bread making quality related parameters. Results of study shown early maturing varieties Darkhan-160, Darkhan-172 have 0.5-2.1 cn/ha more yield than Darkhan-131 and middle maturing varieties Darkhan-74, Altaiskaya-325, Altaiskaya-70 have 0.3-2.5 cn/ha more yield than Darkhan-131. Comparing grain protein content of favorable and drought condition early maturing varieties were reduced protein content by 2.0%, middle maturing – 1.8% and late maturing – 1.3%. By ranking grain quality parameters wheat varieties Darkhan-160, Buryatskaya ostistaya, Arvin, Darkhan-144 and Darkhan-181have a good quality. Буудайн сортуудын ургац ба чанарыг судалсан дүн Монгол оронд нутагшсан, үйлдвэрлэлд зонхилон тариалагдаж буй буудайн нийт 16 сортуудыг ургац ба чанарын үзүүлэлтүүдээр харьцуулан судалж арвин ургацтай, чанар сайтай сортыг илрүүлэх зорилгоор судалгааг 2016-2019 онд УГТХ-ийн Үр тарианы селекцийн туршлагын талбайд явуулсан. Судалгааны дүнгээр эртийн болцтой Дархан-160, Дархан-172 сортууд (ХХБЗ05=0.5 ц/га) жишиг Дархан-131 сортыг, Дархан-160, Дархан-172 сортууд дунд эртийн болцтой Алтайская-325, Алтайская-70 сортууд (ХХБЗ05=1.2 ц/га) жишиг Дархан-34 сортыг бодитой давсан нэмүү ургац тус тус бүрдүүллээ. Харин дунд-оройн болцтой Дархан-181 сорт (ХХБЗ05=1.5 ц/га) жишиг Дархан-144 сортоос 1.5 ц/га бага ургацтай байсан боловч энэ нь алдааны түвшинд байв. Чийгтэй жилийн уургийн агуулалтыг гантай жилийнхтэй харьцуулахад буудайн сортуудын уургийн агуулалтын бууралт нь эртийн болцтой бүлэгт 2.0%, дунд эртийн болцтой бүлэгт 1.8%, дунд оройн болцтой бүлэгт 1.3% байлаа. Уургийн агуулалт эртийн болцтой бүлгээс Дархан-160 (12.6%), дунд эртийн болцтой бүлгээс Дархан-74 (5.9%), дунд-оройн болцтой бүлгээс Дархан-144 (7.2%) зэрэг сортуудад хамгийн бага буурсан. Буудайн сортуудын гурил, талхны чанарын нэгдсэн дүнд ранкын үнэлгээ өгөхөд Дархан-160, Бурятская остистая, Дархан-144, Арвин, Дархан-181 сортууд шалгарч байна. Эдгээр сортууд нь арвин ургац бүрдүүлдэг, хүнсний буудайн улсын стандарт шаардлагын I, II ангиллыг хангадаг, гурил, талхны чанар сайтай учир зах зээлд өрсөлдөх чадвартай, хүнсний аюулгүй байдлыг хангах чухал нөөц болно. Түлхүүр үг: ургац, уураг, цавуулаг, гурил, талх, ранк

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The Impact of Shariah Governance and Corporate Governance on the Risk Management Practices: Evidence from Local and Foreign Islamic Banks in Malaysia

The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research ◽

10.33102/jmifr.v15i2.174 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Sabri Embi ◽

Zurina Shafii

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Corporate Governance ◽

Management Practices ◽

Principal Component ◽

T Test ◽

The Body ◽

Primary Data ◽

Islamic Banks ◽

Shariah Governance ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Shariah governance and corporate governance (CG) on the risk management practices (RMPs) of local Islamic banks and foreign Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. The Shariah governance comprises the Shariah review (SR) and Shariah audit (SA) variables. The study also evaluates the level of RMPs, CG, SR, and SA between these two type of banks. With the aid of SPSS version 20, the items for RMPs, CG, SR, and SA were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). From the PCA, one component or factor was extracted each for the CG, SR, and RMPs while another two factors were extracted for the SA. Primary data was collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The questionnaire covers four aspects ; CG, SR, SA, and RMPs. The data received from the 300 usable questionnaires were subjected to correlation and regression analyses as well as an independent t-test. The result of correlation analysis shows that all the four variables have large positive correlations with each other indicating a strong and significant relationship between them. From the regression analysis undertaken, CG, SR, and SA together explained 52.3 percent of the RMPs and CG emerged as the most influential variable that impacts the RMPs. The independent t-test carried out shows that there were significant differences in the CG and SA between the local and foreign Islamic banks. However, there were no significant differences between the two types of the bank in relation to SR and RMPs. The study has contributed to the body of knowledge and is beneficial to academicians, industry players, regulators, and other stakeholders.

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Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

Veterinaria Kubani ◽

10.33861/2071-8020-2020-1-15-18 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

Inna R. Kilmetova ◽

◽

Igor A. Rodin ◽

Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽

Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional State ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Live Weight ◽

The Body ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Diet ◽

The Impact ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

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