The roles and therapeutic approaches of MSC-derived exosomes in colorectal cancer

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yang ◽  
Liman Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches

scholarly journals LAT1 and ASCT2 Related microRNAs as Potential New Therapeutic Agents against Colorectal Cancer Progression

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Francisca Dias ◽  
Cristina Almeida ◽  
Ana Luísa Teixeira ◽  
Mariana Morais ◽  
Rui Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Progression ◽  
Made In

The development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been associated with genetic and epigenetic alterations and more recently with changes in cell metabolism. Amino acid transporters are key players in tumor development, and it is described that tumor cells upregulate some AA transporters in order to support the increased amino acid (AA) intake to sustain the tumor additional needs for tumor growth and proliferation through the activation of several signaling pathways. LAT1 and ASCT2 are two AA transporters involved in the regulation of the mTOR pathway that has been reported as upregulated in CRC. Some attempts have been made in order to develop therapeutic approaches to target these AA transporters, however none have reached the clinical setting so far. MiRNA-based therapies have been gaining increasing attention from pharmaceutical companies and now several miRNA-based drugs are currently in clinical trials with promising results. In this review we combine a bioinformatic approach with a literature review in order to identify a miRNA profile with the potential to target both LAT1 and ASCT2 with potential to be used as a therapeutic approach against CRC.

scholarly journals Monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in the treatment of colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Tao Jin ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Yu-Yao Liu ◽  
H uan-Rong Lan ◽  
Jie-Ping Yan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptor ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Car T Cells ◽  
Car T

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Besides common therapeutic approaches, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, novel therapeutic approaches, including immunotherapy, have been an advent in CRC treatment. The immunotherapy approaches try to elicit patients` immune responses against tumor cells to eradicate the tumor. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are two branches of cancer immunotherapy. MAbs demonstrate the great ability to completely recognize cancer cell-surface receptors and blockade proliferative or inhibitory pathways. On the other hand, T cell activation by genetically engineered CAR receptor via the TCR/CD3 and costimulatory domains can induce potent immune responses against specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Both of these approaches have beneficial anti-tumor effects on CRC. Herein, we review the different mAbs against various pathways and their applications in clinical trials, the different types of CAR-T cells, various specific CAR-T cells against TAAs, and their clinical use in CRC treatment.

scholarly journals The Pivotal Player: Components of NF-κB Pathway as Promising Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7429
Author(s):  
Matthew Martin ◽  
Mengyao Sun ◽  
Aishat Motolani ◽  
Tao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Diagnostic Screening ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Made In

Over the last several decades, colorectal cancer (CRC) has been one of the most prevalent cancers. While significant progress has been made in both diagnostic screening and therapeutic approaches, a large knowledge gap still remains regarding the early identification and treatment of CRC. Specifically, identification of CRC biomarkers that can help with the creation of targeted therapies as well as increasing the ability for clinicians to predict the biological response of a patient to therapeutics, is of particular importance. This review provides an overview of CRC and its progression stages, as well as the basic types of CRC biomarkers. We then lay out the synopsis of signaling pathways related to CRC, and further highlight the pivotal and multifaceted role of nuclear factor (NF) κB signaling in CRC. Particularly, we bring forth knowledge regarding the tumor microenvironment (TME) in CRC, and its complex interaction with cancer cells. We also provide examples of NF-κB signaling-related CRC biomarkers, and ongoing efforts made at targeting NF-κB signaling in CRC treatment. We conclude and anticipate that with more emerging novel regulators of the NF-κB pathway being discovered, together with their in-depth characterization and the integration of large groups of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data, the day of successful development of more ideal NF-κB inhibitors is fast approaching.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-146a limits tumorigenic inflammation in colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucien P. Garo ◽  
Amrendra K. Ajay ◽  
Mai Fujiwara ◽  
Galina Gabriely ◽  
Radhika Raheja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Sporadic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Colonic Inflammation ◽  
Small Molecule Inhibition ◽  
Deficient Mice

AbstractChronic inflammation can drive tumor development. Here, we have identified microRNA-146a (miR-146a) as a major negative regulator of colonic inflammation and associated tumorigenesis by modulating IL-17 responses. MiR-146a-deficient mice are susceptible to both colitis-associated and sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC), presenting with enhanced tumorigenic IL-17 signaling. Within myeloid cells, miR-146a targets RIPK2, a NOD2 signaling intermediate, to limit myeloid cell-derived IL-17-inducing cytokines and restrict colonic IL-17. Accordingly, myeloid-specific miR-146a deletion promotes CRC. Moreover, within intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), miR-146a targets TRAF6, an IL-17R signaling intermediate, to restrict IEC responsiveness to IL-17. MiR-146a within IECs further suppresses CRC by targeting PTGES2, a PGE2 synthesis enzyme. IEC-specific miR-146a deletion therefore promotes CRC. Importantly, preclinical administration of miR-146a mimic, or small molecule inhibition of the miR-146a targets, TRAF6 and RIPK2, ameliorates colonic inflammation and CRC. MiR-146a overexpression or miR-146a target inhibition represent therapeutic approaches that limit pathways converging on tumorigenic IL-17 signaling in CRC.

scholarly journals DNA methylation-based signature of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes enables evaluation of immune response and prognosis in colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e002671
Author(s):  
Qi Zou ◽  
Xiaolin Wang ◽  
Donglin Ren ◽  
Bang Hu ◽  
Guannan Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Single Base Resolution ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

BackgroundTumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), especially CD8+ TILs, can be used for predicting immunotherapy responsiveness and survival outcome. However, the evaluation of CD8+ TILs currently relies on histopathological methodology with high variability. We therefore aimed to develop a DNA methylation signature for CD8+ TILs (CD8+ MeTIL) that could evaluate immune response and prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsA CD8+ MeTIL signature score was constructed by using CD8+ T cell-specific differentially methylated positions (DMPs) that were identified from Illumina EPIC methylation arrays. Immune cells, colon epithelial cells, and two CRC cohorts (n=282 and 335) were used to develop a PCR-based assay for quantitative analysis of DNA methylation at single-base resolution (QASM) to determine CD8 + MeTIL signature score.ResultsThree CD8+ T cell-specific DMPs were identified to construct the CD8+ MeTIL signature score, which showed a dramatic discriminability between CD8+ T cells and other cells. The QASM assay we developed for CD8+ MeTIL markers could measure CD8+ TILs distributions in a fully quantitative, accurate, and simple manner. The CD8+ MeTIL score determined by QASM assay showed a strong association with histopathology-based CD8+ TIL counts and a gene expression-based immune marker. Furthermore, the low CD8+ MeTIL score (enriched CD8+ TILs) was associated with MSI-H tumors and predicted better survival in CRC cohorts.ConclusionsThis study developed a quantitative DNA methylation-based signature that was reliable to evaluate CD8+ TILs and prognosis in CRC. This approach has the potential to be a tool for investigations on CD8+ TILs and a biomarker for therapeutic approaches, including immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Molecular Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer with an Emphasis on Recent Advances in Biomarkers, as Well as Nanotechnology-Based Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches

Nanomaterials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Fakhria A. Al-Joufi ◽  
Aseem Setia ◽  
Mounir M. Salem-Bekhit ◽  
Ram Kumar Sahu ◽  
Fulwah Y. Alqahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Molecular Pathogenesis ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Early Cancer Diagnosis

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious disease that affects millions of people throughout the world, despite considerable advances in therapy. The formation of colorectal adenomas and invasive adenocarcinomas is the consequence of a succession of genetic and epigenetic changes in the normal colonic epithelium. Genetic and epigenetic processes associated with the onset, development, and metastasis of sporadic CRC have been studied in depth, resulting in identifying biomarkers that might be used to predict behaviour and prognosis beyond staging and influence therapeutic options. A novel biomarker, or a group of biomarkers, must be discovered in order to build an accurate and clinically useful test that may be used as an alternative to conventional methods for the early detection of CRC and to identify prospective new therapeutic intervention targets. To minimise the mortality burden of colorectal cancer, new screening methods with higher accuracy and nano-based diagnostic precision are needed. Cytotoxic medication has negative side effects and is restricted by medication resistance. One of the most promising cancer treatment techniques is the use of nano-based carrier system as a medication delivery mechanism. To deliver cytotoxic medicines, targeted nanoparticles might take advantage of differently expressed molecules on the surface of cancer cells. The use of different compounds as ligands on the surface of nanoparticles to interact with cancer cells, enabling the efficient delivery of antitumor medicines. Formulations based on nanoparticles might aid in early cancer diagnosis and help to overcome the limitations of traditional treatments, including low water solubility, nonspecific biodistribution, and restricted bioavailability. This article addresses about the molecular pathogenesis of CRC and highlights about biomarkers. It also provides conceptual knowledge of nanotechnology-based diagnostic techniques and therapeutic approaches for malignant colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer Therapeutic Approaches: From Classical Drugs to New Nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
pp. 93-173
Author(s):  
Giulia Cazzanelli ◽  
Tiago Moreira ◽  
Suellen Ferro ◽  
João Azevedo-Silva ◽  
Eugénia Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches

An updated review of the pre-clinical role of microRNAs and their contribution to colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narges Dastmalchi ◽  
Reza Safaralizadeh ◽  
Shahram Teimourian
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Related Mortality

: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of malignancy-related mortality worldwide. It was well-identified that microRNAs (miRNAs) decisively participate in cellular biological pathways; in a way that their deregulated expression causes CRC progression. miRNAs can control the translation and degradation of mRNAs by binding to various molecular targets involved in different biological processes, including growth, apoptosis, cell cycle, autophagy, angiogenesis, metastasis, etc. The functions of these dysregulated miRNAs may be either oncogenic or tumor-suppressive. Therefore, these miRNAs can be contributed to prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches in CRC. In this study, we reviewed the tumor-suppressive and oncogenic functions of miRNAs in CRC and assessed their molecular activities in CRC development. However, further investigation for the involvement of dysregulated miRNAs in CRC progression is required.

scholarly journals Oral adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer: recent developments and future targets

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 659-669
Author(s):  
Aliasgar Shahiwala ◽  
Samar Salam Qawoogha ◽  
Murtaza M Tambuwala
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Oral Therapy ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Third ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Noninvasive Therapy ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Colorectal cancer is considered the third most frequent malignant neoplasm occurring in both men and women worldwide. Most approaches that have been used to fight and treat this type of malignancy are either invasive or nonselective. Noninvasive therapy using oral route can increase patient compliance and reduce treatment costs. Innovative measures such as use of nanotechnology and theranostic systems have been initiated in the oral therapy, which has been proven to be greatly advantageous in decreasing side effects, improving detection and diagnoses. This manuscript investigates recent innovative and novel therapeutic approaches through oral route and potential targets in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

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