Advances in MXene Films: Synthesis, Assembly, and Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Li ◽  
Feitian Ran ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Jun Long ◽  
Lu Shao
Keyword(s):  
Spin Coating ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Metal Carbides ◽  
Max Phases ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Coating Methods ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Important Form

AbstractA growing family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides or nitrides, known as MXenes, have received increasing attention because of their unique properties, such as metallic conductivity and good hydrophilicity. The studies on MXenes have been widely pursued, given the composition diversity of the parent MAX phases. This review focuses on MXene films, an important form of MXene-based materials for practical applications. We summarized the synthesis methods of MXenes, focusing on emerging synthesis strategies and reaction mechanisms. The advanced assembly technologies of MXene films, including vacuum-assisted filtration, spin-coating methods, and several other approaches, were then highlighted. Finally, recent progress in the applications of MXene films in electrochemical energy storage, membrane separation, electromagnetic shielding fields, and burgeoning areas, as well as the correlation between compositions, architecture, and performance, was discussed.

scholarly journals Switched Capacitor DC-DC Converters: A Survey on the Main Topologies, Design Characteristics, and Applications

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2231
Author(s):  
Alencar Franco de Souza ◽  
Fernando Lessa Tofoli ◽  
Enio Roberto Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Inherent Difficulty ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Voltage Doubler ◽  
Converter Design ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Full Charge

This work presents a review of the main topologies of switched capacitors (SCs) used in DC-DC power conversion. Initially, the basic configurations are analyzed, that is, voltage doubler, series-parallel, Dickson, Fibonacci, and ladder. Some aspects regarding the choice of semiconductors and capacitors used in the circuits are addressed, as well their impact on the converter behavior. The operation of the structures in terms of full charge, partial charge, and no charge conditions is investigated. It is worth mentioning that these aspects directly influence the converter design and performance in terms of efficiency. Since voltage regulation is an inherent difficulty with SC converters, some control methods are presented for this purpose. Finally, some practical applications and the possibility of designing DC-DC converters for higher power levels are analyzed.

Two-dimensional metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes): preparation, property, and applications in cancer therapy

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2125-2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Ming Dong ◽  
Cui Ye ◽  
Lin Lin Zheng ◽  
Zhong Feng Gao ◽  
Fan Xia
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Metal Carbides ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Size And Morphology

AbstractTransition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), which comprise a rapidly growing family of two-dimensional materials, have attracted extensive attention of the scientific community, owing to its unique characteristics of high specific surface area, remarkable biocompatibility, and versatile applications. Exploring different methods to tune the size and morphology of MXenes plays a critical role in their practical applications. In recent years, MXenes have been demonstrated as promising nanomaterials for cancer therapy with substantial performances, which not only are helpful to clarify the mechanism between properties and morphologies but also bridge the gap between MXene nanotechnology and forward-looking applications. In this review, recent progress on the preparation and properties of MXenes are summarized. Further applications in cancer therapy are also discussed. Finally, the current opportunities and future perspective of MXenes are described.

Application of neural networks in membrane separation

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Asghari ◽  
Amir Dashti ◽  
Mashallah Rezakazemi ◽  
Ebrahim Jokar ◽  
Hadi Halakoei
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractArtificial neural networks (ANNs) as a powerful technique for solving complicated problems in membrane separation processes have been employed in a wide range of chemical engineering applications. ANNs can be used in the modeling of different processes more easily than other modeling methods. Besides that, the computing time in the design of a membrane separation plant is shorter compared to many mass transfer models. The membrane separation field requires an alternative model that can work alone or in parallel with theoretical or numerical types, which can be quicker and, many a time, much more reliable. They are helpful in cases when scientists do not thoroughly know the physical and chemical rules that govern systems. In ANN modeling, there is no requirement for a deep knowledge of the processes and mathematical equations that govern them. Neural networks are commonly used for the estimation of membrane performance characteristics such as the permeate flux and rejection over the entire range of the process variables, such as pressure, solute concentration, temperature, superficial flow velocity, etc. This review investigates the important aspects of ANNs such as methods of development and training, and modeling strategies in correlation with different types of applications [microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialysis (ED), etc.]. It also deals with particular types of ANNs that have been confirmed to be effective in practical applications and points out the advantages and disadvantages of using them. The combination of ANN with accurate model predictions and a mechanistic model with less accurate predictions that render physical and chemical laws can provide a thorough understanding of a process.

Performing with Structure

2020 ◽  
pp. 287-331
Author(s):  
Daphne Leong
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Pitch Structure ◽  
And Performance

This chapter poses the question of how one synthesizes analysis and performance. Its centerpiece is Leathwood’s analysis of local frictions and long-range connections in the pitch structure of Carter’s Changes; his demonstration of their embodiment in guitaristic timbres, tactile shapes, and kinesthetic moves; and his modeling of how such knowledge might be internalized to inspire vital and free performances. “Improvising Changes: Exercises for Guitarists” and an accompanying video provide practical applications. Leong’s Prelude and Postlude frame Leathwood’s material and highlight how a “third culture” of analysis and performance can be inhabited and passed on—modeled and taught in studio and classroom.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Synthesis of Cu-Modified Immobilized Nanoporous TiO2 for Photocatalytic Degradation of 1H-Benzotriazole

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tihana Čižmar ◽  
Ivana Panžić ◽  
Krešimir Salamon ◽  
Ivana Grčić ◽  
Lucija Radetić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Titanium Foils ◽  
The Given

Cu-modified immobilized nanoporous TiO2 photocatalysts, prepared by electrochemical anodization of titanium foils, were obtained via four different synthesis methods: hydrothermal synthesis, anodization with Cu source, electrodeposition, and spin-coating, using two different copper sources, Cu(NO3)2 and Cu(acac)2. The objective of this research was to investigate how copper modifications can improve the photocatalytic activity of immobilized nanoporous TiO2 under the UV/solar light irradiation. The best photocatalytic performances were obtained for Cu-modifications using spin-coating. Therefore, the effect of irradiated catalyst surface areas on the adsorption of model pollutants, methylene blue (MB) and 1H-benzotriazole (BT), was examined for samples with Cu-modification by the spin-coating technique. The mechanisms responsible for increased degradation of MB and BT at high Cu concentrations (0.25 M and 0.5 M) and decreased degradation at low Cu loadings (0.0625 M and 0.125 M) were explained. 1H-benzotriazole was used to study the photocatalytic activity of the given samples because it is highly toxic and present in most water systems. The characterization of the synthesized Cu-modified photocatalysts in terms of phase composition, crystal structure, and morphology were investigated using X-ray Diffraction, Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Carbon-Based Catalysts for Biodiesel Production—A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Clohessy ◽  
Witold Kwapinski
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Catalyst Characterization ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Carbon Based

In recent years, a new class of superior heterogeneous acid catalyst for biodiesel production has emerged. These catalysts offer advantages over their predecessors such as high surface area, elevated acid site density, enhanced catalyst activity, good operation stability and relevant economic affordability in an environmentally friendly frame. This review was concerned with carbon-based solid acid (CBAS) catalysts derived from both carbohydrate and pyrolysis products. A series of CBASs with various origins such as D-glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose and vegetable oil asphalt, converted to char and sulphonated, have been explored as potential heterogeneous catalysts. Catalyst preparation and synthesis methods were briefly summarized. Catalyst characterization and performance for biofuels related reactions were elucidated, identifying potential research applications. Three catalysts in particular were identified as having potential for industrial application and requiring further research.

Highly effective permeability and antifouling performances of polypropylene non-woven fabric membranes modified with graphene oxide by inkjet printing and immersion coating methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2307-2313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-Qi Zhao ◽  
Xiao-Chen Xu ◽  
Rui-Yun Li ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Feng-Lin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Water Permeation ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Coating Methods ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

In the current study, graphene oxide (GO)-modified polypropylene non-woven fabric (PP-NWF) membranes were prepared via inkjet printing and immersion coating methods. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, pure water permeation (JPWP) and protein adsorption were tested to evaluate the impact of the GO nanosheet on the characteristics and performance of modified PP-NWF membranes. The results showed that the exfoliated GO nanosheets uniformly deposited on the membrane surface and firmly embedded into the interlaced fibers, resulting in the improvement of membrane hydrophilicity, permeability and antifouling properties comparing with original PP-NWF membranes. The GO-printed and GO-coated membranes had 113 and 188% higher fluxes, and 70.95 and 75.74% lower protein adsorptions than the original PP-NWF membranes, respectively. After cross-linked treatment, ultrasound processing was conducted to evaluate the stability of the modified PP-NWF membranes. The results demonstrated that there was almost no decrease in permeation after ultrasonic treatment indicating that the cross-linking treatment could enhance the immobilization of the GO nanosheets on and into the modified membranes.

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