scholarly journals Co-design of experimental nature-based solutions for decentralized dry-weather runoff treatment retrofitted in a densely urbanized area in Central America

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pérez Rubi ◽  
Jochen Hack
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Ecosystem Integrity ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Technical Solutions

AbstractThe quality of water in many urban rivers in Latin America is increasingly degrading due to wastewater and runoff discharges from urban sprawl. Due to deficits in sanitary drainage systems, greywater is discharged to the stormwater drainage network generating a continuous dry-weather runoff that reaches rivers without treatment. One of the main challenges in the region is to achieve sustainable management of urban runoff for the recovery of rivers ecosystem integrity. However, retrofitting conventional centralized wastewater drainage networks into the existing urban grid represents important social, economic and technical challenges. This paper presents an alternative adaptive methodology for the design of Nature-based Solutions for decentralized urban runoff treatment. Through this study, technical solutions commonly used for stormwater management were adapted for dry-weather runoff treatment and co-designed for the particular conditions of a representative study area, considering space availability as the main constraining factor for retrofitting in urban areas. The application of a co-design process in a dense neighbourhood of the Great Metropolitan area of Costa Rica brought to light valuable insights about conditions that could be hindering the implementation of NBS infrastructures in Latin America.

scholarly journals Water Supply Scheme System Design for Peri Urban Areas of Punjab using EPANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Touseef Ahmad Babar ◽  
Shahbaz Nasir Khan ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Safder Khan ◽  
Abdul Nasir ◽  
Muhammad Umar
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Input Parameters

AbstractWater is indispensable for human life and without water, life cannot exist on earth. Every person required 33 to 35-gallon water per day for drinking and demotic purpose. But due to lack of quality, inefficient water supply designs, intermixing of sewage water and unlined sewage water system, quality of water is deteriorated specially in recent decades and affecting a number of people. In present study, it was inevitable to design a water supply system for selected area to provide safe water supply design for a small community. For this purpose, a study area was selected named as chak.no. 253 RB, Samundri Road Faisalabad. The existing water supply system of the village was built 30 years ago with the problems of leaky pipes, mixing of sewerage water with drinking water was causing water-borne diseases like Diarrhea, Cholera, Giardiasis, Typhoid fever, Schistosomiasis. A computer software abbreviated as EPANET (Environment protection agency network) was used to design a water supply system of the area providing input parameters to the software. For this a profiling survey was conducted to determine the length of pipes and the elevation of each junction. The other input parameters such as the diameter of pipes, pipe network map, head losses were provided. Conclusively, EPANET gave a detailed water supply system plan for specific design period. By adopting this design provided by detailed surveys of the area and EPANET will help to control intermixing of sewage water which ultimately improves the quality of water. The new design is based on technology by using modern techniques (Software). It will provide save and continue supply of water to community. It will also reduce the cost of water billing, leakage, decrease the diseases rate and improve the life standard of people’s lives in that area.

scholarly journals Research on the effectiveness of individual infiltration devices

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00091
Author(s):  
Ewa Suchanek-Gabzdyl ◽  
Maciej Mrowiec
Keyword(s):  
Management Systems ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Rainwater Management ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Impervious Areas

The increasing urbanization process in Europe has resulted in an increase in the proportion of impervious areas in the development of watersheds. This fact, combined with the more frequent occurrence of volatile rainfall, contributes to the formation of high intensity surface runoff, which results in local flooding of the lowest located areas. Water runoff also causes a large amount of pollution from the catchment to be flushed away and transported to the receiver, which generates many negative effects on the environment. Due to these unfavorable changes in the urban catchment, it is necessary to manage the waters in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. One of the basic tools to protect the quantity and quality of water discharged from the catchment area is to take into account the need to implement technical solutions to increase the retention of rainwater in cities. Such solutions, consisting of designing natural rainwater management systems, could work independently or in cooperation with traditional rainwater drainage systems [1].

scholarly journals Neighbourhood effects and household responses to water supply problems in Nigerian cities

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charisma Acey
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Primary Water ◽  
Household Strategies ◽  
Water Provision

Between 1990 and 2004, Nigeria’s urban population jumped to nearly half the national population, while access to improved sources of water in urban areas dropped by nearly 15 per cent during the same period. This paper presents preliminary results on the relationship between water supply, neighbourhood characteristics, and household strategies in response to dissatisfaction with water provision as reported by 389 respondents in 10 neighbourhoods in Lagos and Benin City, Nigeria between October 2007 and February 2008. In this paper, a conceptual model of consumer demand for water is used, based upon Hirschman’s exit, voice and loyalty (EVL) framework. The model explicitly factors in the quality of water provision and variables at the household and neighbourhood levels that could affect perceptions about quality and the strategies that households use to cope with inadequate public services. Preliminary results show that reported household strategies to secure water are affected by community-level factors such as the range, cost, and quality of water supply alternatives, as well as neighbourhood composition. Furthermore, the percentage of urban migrants and households that live in rented flats in a neighbourhood seems to be associated with the use of exit strategies (as opposed to voice) in response to problems with their primary water supply.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL SYSTEMS AND MEASURES TO ENSURE THE QUALITY OF THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT OF THE POPULATION IN CONDITIONS OF NEGATIVE IMPACTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
T. P Kasharina ◽  
E. S Sidenko ◽  
K. P Valuysky
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Technical Solutions

In accordance with the priority directions of development of science and technology of the Russian Federation until 2025, the issues of developing and creating methods for the environmental safety of urban areas in areas affected by natural disasters, accidents, catastrophes, etc., as well as protective measures are being addressed. Organizational-economic groups should carry out regulation in rural areas of industrial and private enterprises, which are located near urban and rural settlements, developing measures and laws ensuring environmental safety, preserving local forests, limiting the load on pastures, protecting them from fire and maintaining constant monitoring them. In this paper, special attention is paid to natural disasters and reducing the severity of the consequences after them (mudflows, landslides, fires, etc.). To reduce the effects of natural and man-made factors, we have created new technical solutions with the use of composite nanomaterials and ground-filled, ground-reinforced, cable-stayed, etc. protective systems, which are presented below.

scholarly journals Methodology for assessment of technogenic contamination in water bodies at urban areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 01057
Author(s):  
Valentina Kurochkina
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Technogenic Contamination ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Relationship Of

The paper considers the problem of the influence of man-made load on the quality of water and bottom sediments of water bodies. The relationship of the state of the water body, the quality of the water in it and the level of contamination of bottom sediments is established. It has been shown that the rates and volumes of formation of bottom sediments and the level of contamination of their layers are different throughout the existence of a water body, which allows the use of bottom sediments as the main indicator of the ecological state of a water body, reflecting the level of anthropogenic impact on water ecosystems over time.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sedimentation Ponds of the Former Soda “Solvay” Plant in Krakow on the Chemistry of the Wilga River

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 993
Author(s):  
Justyna Likus-Cieślik ◽  
Marcin Pietrzykowski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
River Ecosystem ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Quality Of Water

This paper explores how the chemistry of the Wilga River is affected by the sedimentation ponds at the former Soda “Solvay” Plant in Krakow. Despite the revitalization of the sedimentation ponds about 30 years ago, the chemistry of the samples was characterized by high EC (from 845 to 3000 µS cm−1), high concentration of Cl− (up to 800 mg L−1), Ca (up to 270 mg L−1), and SO42− (up to 115 mg L−1), and a high value for Na (up to 270 mg L−1) was noted—surface water quality standards were exceeded. The effect of high mineralization by those elements, generated in wastewater during soda waste production, were noted to have seasonal and vertical variability. We concluded that, despite the industrial shutdown and revitalization processes, the drainage of industrial water can have serious and long-term negative effects on quality of water and the Wilga River ecosystem. The Wilga River is one of the most important examples of important environmental problems in urban areas.

scholarly journals The Test Results of Microbiological and Chemical Quality of Water in Recreation Center “Fortuna” Banja Luka

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogoljub Antonić ◽  
Ljiljana Stojanović-Bjelić ◽  
Habiba Ganić ◽  
Rosa Bajičić
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Banja Luka

It is recognized, that a man in wider and immediate community, especially by living in larger, urban areas is exposed to a variety of factors that directly or indirectly affect his health, living conditions, and ability to work, as well as the life expectancy. Life in changed working and living surroundings, with decreased physical and neural condition , and inadequate active and passive relaxation results in increase of number of depression, trauma traffic, respiratory disease, deformity- especially in children, degenerative diseases, etc.To prevent thisone has to sit less and become more active, since physical activity in variety of forms, increases the functional capability of all organ systems, and is essential, as a mean of maintaining overall psychological and physical health as well as the ability to work. Swimming is a healthy physical activity that is valued for its benefits. It has a powerful effect on all body systems, and nowadays a significant number of people use swimming pools more or less frequently. However, recreational activities at the swimming pool can endanger health, so it is necessary to the properly manage the pools, as to reduce threats to the smallest possible measure.The research confirmed the hypothesis that the water quality in swimming pools and recreation in many respects depends on the correct design and construction of swimming pools, rationally established hydraulics, acceptable water quality, capacity and efficiency of the water treatment, the workload of the pool, the implementation of appropriate sanitary and hygienic measures and control of the critical points in and around the pool, behavior of users as possible contributors to water pollution, provide a satisfactory quality of water, which endangers the safety of users.

scholarly journals Impact of Green Roofs and Vertical Greenery Systems on Surface Runoff Quality

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2609
Author(s):  
Imane Hachoumi ◽  
Bernhard Pucher ◽  
Elisabetta De Vito-Francesco ◽  
Flora Prenner ◽  
Thomas Ertl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Materials Used

Green roofs (GRs) and vertical greenery systems (VGSs) can contribute certain pollutants to stormwater runoff, affecting the quality of the receiving waters. The objective of this review paper is to discuss the potential impact of these systems on the quality of urban runoff. In the green building systems section, a series of materials used in greenery systems and their specific application are presented and environmentally relevant substances that could be leached out from these materials are identified as potential pollutants. After the identification of environmentally relevant pollutants that have already been measured in urban runoff and originate from these systems, an assessment of their pathways, fate, and impact in the aquatic environment is performed. Since GRs and VGSs are already considered to be solutions for stormwater quantity and quality management in urban areas, recommendations for mitigating their environmental impact through runoff are needed. It can be concluded that special focus should be placed on measures that target the pollution source, such as optimizing GR and VGS construction practices and materials used, as well as establishing appropriate decentralized stormwater treatment measures. Both of these approaches will help to reduce or even entirely avoid the emission of relevant pollutants into the aquatic environment.

scholarly journals Consumption of fertilizers in districts of Slovakia in the period 2006–2015

2018 ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
Cyril Siman ◽  
Yvetta Velísková
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Source Of Pollution

Consumption of fertilizers in districts of Slovakia in the period 2006–2015 Water quality in the surface streams is influenced by several factors. One of important information which can help us to solve problems with quality of water in water body is a distribution of point and non-point pollution sources in a river basin and also amount of pollutants released from them to surface streams. An example of a point source of pollution is the outlet from wastewater treatment plants (industry, urban areas, farms, etc.). On the other hand the most significant non-point source of pollution is considered the application of fertilizers in agriculture. In this paper we have evaluated consumption of organic and industrial fertilizers in Slovakia in the period 2006–2015. Total (in tonnes) and average (in kg ha-1) consumption of industrial and organic fertilizers was analyzed. In monitored period, the amount of applied organic fertilizers was much higher than the amount of applied industrial fertilizers and in addition a significant part of total fertilizers consumption had nitrogenous fertilizers in a group of industrial fertilizers. In a group of industrial fertilizers during the period 2006–2015 we observed just moderately increasing in their consumption, while in the period 2010–2015 the average amount of applied industrial fertilizers per hectare of agricultural land increased by about 20 kg ha-1. On the other hand, in a group of organic fertilizers we observed a decreasing in consumption of fertilizers.

scholarly journals Solar Water Filtration and Vending System

2021 ◽  
pp. 410-414
Author(s):  
Mr. Shivam Bhakare ◽  
Mr. Karan Parab ◽  
Mr. Aniket Kesharwani ◽  
Mr. Rohit Gavalee ◽  
Prof. Kanchan Bhosle
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The One

In India there is problem of safe drinking water therefore we are going to provide mineral water. Water has become the most commercial products of the century. On the one hand, the rapidly rising population and changing lifestyles have increased the need for fresh water. If opportunity costs were taken into account, it would be clear that in most rural areas, households are paying far more for water supply than the often-normal rates charged in urban areas. Also, if this cost of fetching water which is almost equivalent. Water is the most important aspect of our life but what happens in the real world is there is lot of wastage in water. By implementing water vending machine we eliminate the waste of water and provide good quality of water at low cost. For this entire system we are using renewable energy source that is solar energy for power supply. The heart of the system is micro controller.

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