scholarly journals Reflections on the Political Economy of European Wine Appellations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian M. Alston ◽  
Davide Gaeta
Keyword(s):  
Policy Design ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Signaling Quality ◽  
European Agriculture ◽  
Lemons Problem

AbstractToday’s European wine policy is centered on a system of appellations, implemented as geographical indications (GIs), that entail significant technological regulations—restricting the varieties that may be grown, while imposing maximum yields per hectare and other rules regarding grape production and winemaking practice. This paper outlines the historical development of European wine policy under the CAP, and presents a more detailed analysis of the economic consequences of the rules and regulations under the appellation system. The introduction of these rules and regulations was probably beneficial initially, both for their didactive effect on wine producers and consumers and as a way of overcoming a significant “lemons” problem in the market. However, those same rules and regulations are much less valuable today, given (1) the potential for alternative sources of information to solve the lemons problem, and (2) evidence that the appellation system per se might not be effectively serving that purpose as well as it once did, while some of the regulations impose significant social costs. Yield restrictions, in particular, are economically inefficient as a way of enhancing and signaling quality (their ostensible purpose) and as a way of restricting total supply to support market prices and thus producer incomes (a significant motivation). The inherent weaknesses of the policy design are compounded by failures of governance. A less heavy-handed approach to policy would allow more scope for the market mechanism to match supply and demand for this signature product from European agriculture.

scholarly journals Permasalahan dalam Penerapan Mekanisme Pasar Perspektif Islam

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Tri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
The People ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Rules Of The Game

The market is a place for economic activity where economic activities take place naturally so that the rules of the game occur naturally. So according to Islamic economics the market mechanism can occur naturally from the supply and demand side as it should. Furthermore, in terms of the market mechanism of the Islamic economic perspective, in principle, it rejects the existence of a price intervention if price changes occur because the market mechanism is reasonable. However, the market here requires morality, among others: fair competition, honesty, transparency and justice. If these values ​​have been enforced, there is no reason to reject market prices. And if there is a deviation, the state's obligation to regulate it is for the benefit of the people.

Solar Renewable Energy Credit Price Volatility and Investment Returns: Have Policies Stranded Capital Investment?

Commonwealth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Youssefi ◽  
Patrick L. Gurian
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Investment Returns

Pennsylvania is one of a number of U.S. states that provide incentives for the generation of electricity by solar energy through Solar Renewal Energy Credits (SRECs). This article develops a return on investment model for solar energy generation in the PJM (mid-­Atlantic) region of the United States. Model results indicate that SREC values of roughly $150 are needed for residential scale systems to break even over a 25-­year project period at 3% interest. Market prices for SRECs in Pennsylvania have been well below this range from late 2011 through the first half of 2016, indicating that previous capital investments in solar generation have been stranded as a result of steep declines in the value of SRECs. A simple conceptual supply and demand model is developed to explain the sharp decline in market prices for SRECs. Also discussed is a possible policy remedy that would add unsold SRECs in a given year to the SREC quota for the subsequent year.

MONITORING THE ATTITUDE OF THE POPULATION TO PROBLEMS OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT FOR SITUATION-AL CENTERS OF A SMART CITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
D. Verzilin ◽  
T. Maximova ◽  
I. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Operational Decision Making ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Intelligent Information ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Active Citizen

Goal. The purpose of the study was to search for alternative sources of information on popu-lation’s preferences and response to problems and changes in the urban environment for use in the operational decision-making at situational centers. Materials and methods. The authors used data from search queries with keywords, data on communities in social networks, data from subject forums, and official statistics. Methods of statistical data analysis were applied. Results. The analysis of thematic online activity of the population was performed. The re-sults reflected the interest in the state of the environment, the possibility of distance learning and work, are presented. It was reasoned that measurements of population’s thematic online activity let identify needs and analyze the real-time response to changes in the urban envi-ronment. Such an approach to identifying the needs of the population can be used in addition to the platforms “Active Citizen” of the Smart City project. Conclusions. An analysis of data on online activity of the population for decision-making at situational centers is more operational, flexible and representative, as compared with the use of tools of those platforms. Such an analysis can be used as an alternative to sociological surveys, as it saves time and money. When making management decisions using intelligent information services, it is necessary to take into account the needs of the population, reflect-ed in its socio-economic activity in cyberspace.

scholarly journals Uncovering Stakeholder Participation in Payment for Hydrological Services (PHS) Program Decision making in Mexico and Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8562
Author(s):  
Andres M. Urcuqui-Bustamante ◽  
Theresa L. Selfa ◽  
Paul Hirsch ◽  
Catherine M. Ashcraft
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Program Administrators ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Hydrological Services

Payment for ecosystem services (PES) is a market-based policy approach intended to foster land use practices, such as forest conservation or restoration, that protect and improve the benefits from healthy, functioning ecosystems. While PES programs are used globally, they are an especially prominent environmental policy tool in Latin America, where the vast majority are payment for hydrological services (PHS) programs, which incentivize the conservation and restoration of ecosystems associated with water production and clean water for clearly defined water users. As a market mechanism, PHS approaches involve a transactional relationship between upstream and downstream water users who are connected by a shared watershed. While existing literature has highlighted the important role of non-state actors in natural resource management and program effectiveness, few studies have explored the role of stakeholder participation in the context of PHS programs. Building on the collaborative learning approach and the Trinity of Voice framework, we sought to understand how and to what extent PHS program stakeholders are engaged in PHS design, implementation, and evaluation. In this paper we explored (1) the modes of stakeholder engagement in PHS programs that program administrators use, and (2) the degree to which different modes of stakeholder participation allow PHS stakeholders to have decision power with which to influence PHS policy design and expected outcomes. To better understand the role of stakeholder participation, and the different ways participation occurs, we used a comparative multiple-case study analysis of three PHS program administration types (government, non-profit, and a mixed public–private organization) in Mexico and Colombia that have incorporated stakeholder engagement to achieve ecological and social goals. Our analysis draws on institutional interviews to investigate the modes of stakeholder engagement and understand the degree of decision space that is shared with other PHS stakeholders. Across all cases, we found that the trust between key actors and institutions is an essential but underappreciated aspect of successful collaboration within PHS initiatives. We conclude with recommendations for ways in which program administrators and governmental agencies can better understand and facilitate the development of trust in PHS design and implementation, and natural resources management more broadly.

Content Strategy in Management of Communications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. s232-s242
Author(s):  
Olha Balabash ◽  
Valerii Ilin ◽  
Nataliia Poprozman ◽  
Inna Kuznetsova ◽  
Dmytro Shushpanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Construction Company ◽  
The Real Estate Market ◽  
Content Strategy ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
The Web

The aim of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological support for the formation and implementation of the content strategy of a construction company.  The article considers the formation of content strategy, its place in the management of communications of the enterprise. The following methods were used in the course of the research: the method of statistical analysis (for the analysis of the tendency of the real estate market development of Ukraine); analysis, synthesis, logical and theoretical generalization – to specify the factors of supply and demand in the real estate market; graphical method, table method (to visualize the results of the study); method of calculating specific indicators of communicative activity (CPC (Cost Per Click), CPA (Cost Per Action), CTR (Click Through Rate)) for analysing trends in traffic to the company's website and identifying alternative sources of traffic. The specifics of developing a content strategy taking into account the peculiarities of the company's construction industry are shown. An analysis of trends in the real estate market of Ukraine is carried out based on official statistics. The dynamics of the volume of construction works is analysed, the housing price indices in Ukraine are determined and the factors of supply and demand in the real estate market are specified. The analysis of communicative efficiency of the web-system of the construction company is carried out, as a result of which, measures for improvement of management of its external communications by substantiation of variants of advancement on the Internet are developed. This is done by analysing trends in traffic to the company's website and identifying alternative sources of traffic. The developed measures will increase the efficiency of management of the construction company. The article proposed a procedure for analysing the web-system of a construction company based on attendance indicators and search activity, which allows identifying alternative sources of traffic and developing appropriate measures to manage communications of the enterprise in order to achieve their efficiency. The practical significance lies in the fact that the developed recommendations for the formation of the communication strategy of the construction company can be further used to intensify the promotion of the company's services in the real estate market and attract investment.

scholarly journals Combined electricity pricing model taking into account the “green tariff” and traditional factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 00019
Author(s):  
Yuliia Halynska ◽  
Tetiana Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
End User ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Multiplier Effects ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Different Sources

The article proposes a new optimization model of systemic relationships and effects in the formation of a pricing policy for electricity from combined sources of electricity, taking into account indicators of anthropogenic impact and non-renewable resources, socio-environmental and economic interests of society in the distribution of rental income. The model in the end result provides for the formation of a combined model of tariff setting in the energy sector, according to which electricity tariffs for the end user of the corresponding region will combine both market prices for energy generated from alternative sources and prices for energy generated from traditional sources. The authors improved the scientific and methodological approach to identify, formalize and quantify the multiplier effects that arise as a result of a combination of non-renewable and renewable sources of electricity. Also, the article improves the scientific and methodological approach to assessing the benefits of combining different sources of electricity and their advantages when forming a pricing policy within a single energy strategy.

scholarly journals Alternative sources of data on the level of employment of Russian women in entrepreneurship

POPULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
Aysylu Ilimbetova
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Differentiation ◽  
Women In Business ◽  
Structure Of Population ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Social Structuring

Development of the market economy and changes in the principles of social structuring of society lead to the fact that the concept of gender equality goes beyond the labor market and begins to spread to other spheres of public relations, for example, entrepreneurship. However, to obtain empirical data to understand the extent of participation of men and women in business, it is not sufficient to conduct surveys or censuses, because they do not specialize in such information and provide data only on forms of employment (for hire and not for hire). The article deals with the possibilities of using administrative sources of information (the Unified register of small and medium-sized businesses) and the SPARK information base to obtain gender statistics and assess gender equality on the example of women's entrepreneurship in Russia. The main advantage of these sources of information is the possibility of extracting data on the activities of Russian entrepreneurs, for which information is not provided by the statistical collections of Rosstat. Calculations of the author make it possible to establish existence in the Russian business of gender differentiation in entrepreneurship, formation of employment niches assigned to each sex that allows us to speak about the specific features of the Russian business. Thus, women are concentrated in micro- and small businesses; they are mainly engaged in the socially important services—health care and education, other individual services; they are prone to less risky and less innovative spheres, such as trade and services; there are similarities between the structure of entrepreneurship, employment as employees and the professional structure of population.

MODELING OF MULTI-AGENT INTERACTION IN CONSUMPTION SECURING IN CONDITIONS OF INSTITUTIONAL INSTABILITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Anatoliy MOKIY ◽  
◽  
Kateryna ANTONIUK ◽  
Dmytro ANTONIUK ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Society Business ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Institutional Instability ◽  
Multi Agent

Theoretical and methodological aspects of research of consumption safety as the ability of the state, society and business to create the preconditions for conscious satisfaction of human needs for self-reproduction to protect the health of the nation and the environment as imperatives for future development are developed. It is proposed to consider the process of consumption securing from the standpoint of harmonizing the interests of society, business and government in forming the basis for sustainable consumption and production in a strategic perspective. The chaos of self-organization processes in the consumer market, as well as the need to combine institutional and market mechanisms in solving the problem of consumption security strengthening in the process of European integration of Ukraine are shown. Systemic means of consumption securing on the basis of harmonization of society, business and the state economic interests with use of the multi-agent approach are developed. Accordingly, a multi-agent model is proposed to identify participants (agents) in the consumption securing process, to formalize the elements, institutional norms, parameters and limitations of their interaction. By building an intelligent map of consumption security, the institutional preconditions, participants of the process of consumption securing, the system of their interests, time parameters of interaction, basic processes, threats and related areas of consumption safety are established. The necessity of using the market mechanism of harmonization of interests of consumption safety subjects (person, society, public authorities and local governments, enterprises-manufacturers, public associations, international organizations, research establishments, etc.) by coordination of the price within the ratio of supply and demand for safe goods (services) with maximizing the convergence of interests as a condition for achieving an equilibrium state of the system is proved.

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