The social group and status of the individual

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
V.C. Wynne-Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

The Significance of Psychiatric Symptomatology for Social Adaptation

1964 ◽  
Vol 110 (467) ◽  
pp. 544-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Walton ◽  
R. Bennett ◽  
L. Nahemow
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social System ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
The Individual

The social adjustment of individuals is studied from different viewpoints by psychiatrists and sociologists. The psychiatrist is concerned with the malfunctioning personality (and with normal function toward which patients must be assisted); the sociologist is concerned with the functioning social system. The basic reference of both disciplines is to the individual and the individual's adaptation in his social group.

scholarly journals The Ethical Value of Oriental Religions under the Roman Empire

1915 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-181
Author(s):  
Clifford Herschel Moore
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Impossible Task ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Western Half

To estimate with any considerable degree of accuracy the moral value of the Oriental religions under the Roman Empire is a hard and perhaps an impossible task. The difficulties arise in part from the fact that these religions, like most others, did not aim primarily at developing what we understand by morality in the individual, but rather at establishing such relations with the gods as to give men security and prosperity here and hereafter; and in part the difficulties are due to the paucity of our data and our liability to error in the interpretation thereof. Yet a religion, like any other form of human expression, inevitably influences as well as reflects the conduct of the social group which cultivates it; that is to say, it cannot exist apart by itself. Therefore it is not an unprofitable thing to attempt to determine with such accuracy as may be attainable the relation to morality of the imported Oriental cults which were widely cultivated in the Occidental part of the Roman Empire between the first and the fourth centuries of our era. We confine our consideration to the Western half of the Empire, for there the evidence as to these exotic religions is most plentiful and it is possible to see them isolated, so to speak, from their native environment. It will be necessary, however, first to consider the moral and religious environment into which these cults entered.

scholarly journals Politics in Society and Literature: A Marxist Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-842
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Politics And Literature ◽  
Communist Manifesto ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
Ideological Perspective ◽  
The Individual

One of the political theory ever formulated was The Communist Manifesto by Marx was an epoch-making philosophy that was presented before us; a war of class and materialism. The theory changed the dynamics of the 20th century. Marx gives an account of communism where they visualize a society devoid of class, state, and property that envisaged the theory of capitalism which has a huge impact on the life of million of which the genesis is the modernism. Marx crucial remarks "it is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social existence that determines their consciousness". There had been constant conflict between classes when it comes to marginalized. The question arises if there is any aesthetic of the marginalized or the oppressed that lived in the slum area. Not a single play from 1900-1920 was based on the life of marginalized. Marx as a philosopher believes that a human defines himself/herself through his consciousness and that the individual consciousness is not separate from the social group or a class. The consciousness of the social group defines the consciousness of man. Economically it's between people who are in power and the people who are deprived of it and that money is synonymous with power. The paper discusses how the "marginalized" is an ideological perspective with an extinction of progress and there is a constant conflict of war in both politics and literature when it comes to marginalized

scholarly journals The Daasanech of South-Western Ethiopia: Concepts around Prosperity and Misfortune

Afrika Focus ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Houtteman
Keyword(s):  
Medical Anthropology ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cosmic Order ◽  
Action Models ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Western Ethiopia

The question that is taken up in this lecture is how models which deal with prosperity and misfortune and with sickness and health are related to action-models of restoration and defence. I try to illuminate the connections between the experience of cosmos, body and social world, between rituals and the prosperity of the individual and his social group. Misfortune is always a consequence of a broken relationship between man and the social and cosmic order. As such, it can be seen as a "magical"punishment because of "wrong" behaviour. To restore health is to take away the punishment through appropriate action in which both the offender and the victim (or his social group) are involved. Starting from a short explication of the social, cosmic and bodily models, I concentrate on the concepts that deal with the causes of sickness and infertility and focus on some of the principles that shape the restauration-rituals.KEYWORDS: Daasanech, medical anthropology, rituals, body, cosmos  

Social Cognitive Bias

2018 ◽  
pp. 110-132
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Decision Making

Within social psychology and sociology there is a field of study in charge of studying how the social group affects the individual in all areas. In fact, several studies have found that the social decision-making process can be influenced by cognitive biases. This fields establishes two large categories of social groups called ingroup and outgroup depending on whether individuals are part of this group or not. Therefore, an ingroup is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member. By contrast, an outgroup is a social group with which an individual does not identify. Moreover, the psychological membership of social groups and categories can be related with different aspects such as race, profession, religion, among others, so that individuals can categorize themselves and others in different ways, usually dependent on the context. This categorization that individuals do based in the pertinence to a group and the influence of the group on the person reproduce in the person social cognitive biases that can lead to erroneous decisions. Within these biases the best known is the ingroup bias. This chapter explores some of these social biases and how they influence the decision-making process.

Cetacean Cognition

2016 ◽  
pp. 226-239
Author(s):  
Lori Marino
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Great Ape ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Psychological Disturbances ◽  
The Social ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Individual

Cetacean cognition at the level of the individual is complex and highly sophisticated and shares a number of characteristics with human and other great ape cognitive features. At the same time, in the social setting, capacities and propensities appear to emerge that are unique to cetaceans. This chapter explores cetacean cognition at the levels of the individual (language, pointing and reference, self-awareness, innovation and imitation, body image, self-recognition, self-imitation, and metacognition) and the social group (social complexity and networking, culture) and concludes that dolphins can only thrive as reflexive thinkers in a natural social group. Dolphins in captivity often suffer from psychological disturbances and abnormalities, poor health, and, ultimately, high mortality rates.

scholarly journals The Kairos of karos: Revisiting notions of temporality in Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Cilliers
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual

Historically speaking, many Christian traditions have been influenced in their liturgy and preaching by Western understandings of time, i.e. as a linear progression from past, to present, to future. Africans do have a strong sense, not only of the past, but also of the future – in contrast to what some scholars would advocate. But African notions of time also harbour a particular understanding of the present, as the experience of social events. In Africa, time is not so much duration as it affects the fate of the individual, as it is the rhythm of the breathing of the social group. Perhaps the image of a spiral depicts best what Africans understand as time – a spiral that includes both linear and cyclical dimensions, as it reflects the rhythms of life. In this paper, an attempt is made to reflect on the contribution of a decolonised understanding of time on preaching in Africa, in dialogue with keywords like memory, present, community, event, and movement.

Fragments d’un discours iconographique : Poétique de l’image dans L’Empire des signes de Roland Barthes

2015 ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Khalid Lyamlahy
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Large Scope ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Roland Barthes was not only a literary theorist, a critic or a semiotician. Above all, he was concerned with signs, symbols and representations which shape the everyday life and nourish both identities of the individual subject and the social group. As the world celebrates in 2015 the centenary of his birth, the question of his intellectual and literary legacies has never been more relevant. In the large scope of his works, L’Empire des signes, published in 1970 following several trips to Japan, is rather a particular piece which hinges on a specific combination of text and images. By looking at the structure of Barthes’s work and the relationship between the author’s discourse and the meanings released through the images, this paper aims to highlight the poetics of the image as a founding element in L’Empire des signes. The study of three categories of images used in the volume and their confrontation with the author’s developments shed new light on the contribution of the iconographic element towards a valuable understanding of signs and significations.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIALIZATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL AT THE YOUNG AGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Fedorkov
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Group ◽  
The State ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Social Stratum ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

The article provides insight into the psychological socialization of the individual, which is not only one of the state priorities, but also a determining factor in many aspects of socio-economic and political life of the country. The purpose of the article: a theoretical study of the psychological socialization of the individual in the young age. The main approaches to the definition of socialization are considered. The socio-demographic group of the youth and its features, social status and socio-psychological qualities are analyzed. It is observed that young people are a dynamic, energetic and critically thinking part of society, which has an enormous social and creative potential. It is specified that in a transitional society the socialization process in the social group of youth is characterized by high uncertainty, it dissolves the boundaries of status and social stratum limits, as well as the normative context and cultural forms. The individual’s behavior in such conditions, the attempt to take control of an unstable situation shall originate from a certain strategy, namely that of building a chain of rational actions according to young people’s mindset, which is aimed at adapting to uncertainty and life challenges. The further prospects for the country’s development are potentially inherent not only in the current general trends present not only in the socio-economic and political spheres, however in the value-based orientations and awareness of young people. Drawing on the findings of the conducted research we can lay special emphasis on the salient changes in youth regarding various life spheres: disengagement with the state and political power; the younger generation shows a particularly acute awareness of social tensions and social insecurity; the intellectual capacity decreases dramatically; loss of morals, hard drinking and despiritualization flourish. Family is an integral part of society and accordingly undergoes transformations through the constant changes taking place in it. The social group of young people has certain features of both its age and social status, underlying specific socio-psychological properties are developed. The features of socio-psychological and social status that are present in this social group are underpinned by the social system, culture and socialization patterns characteristic of the entire society to which young people belong.Key words: youth; psychological socialization; policy; values, socialization of a social group, psychology.

scholarly journals Formal women-only networks: literature review and propositions

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1004-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Villesèche ◽  
Emmanuel Josserand
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Women In Business ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the emerging literature on formal women-only business networks and outline propositions to develop this under-theorised area of knowledge and stimulate future research. Design/methodology/approach The authors review the existing literature on formal internal and external women-only networks and use the broader social capital and network literature to frame their arguments and develop propositions. Findings Propositions are developed regarding how both internal and external formal women-only business networks can be of value for members, firms/organisations and the wider social group of women in business. Research limitations/implications The authors focus on the distinction between external and internal formal women-only networks while also acknowledging the broader diversity that can characterise such networks. Their review provides the reader with an insight into the state of the art and a set of propositions that present opportunities for future research. Practical implications The paper provides insights into how women in business, organisations and wider society can leverage value from both internal and external formal women-only business networks. Social implications The paper contributes to research showing that the social structure of interactions and context can impact women’s standing in the workplace. Originality/value The paper sheds light on the under-studied and under-theorised phenomenon of formal women-only business networks. Beyond the individual member level, the authors suggest that such networks can be of value for organisations and the wider social group of women in management and leadership positions.

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