Comparison of “synthetic esters of 36 and 54 carbon polycarboxylic acids and mono functional alcohols, and 18 carbon monocarboxylic acids and polyols” with naturally occurring glycerides for industrial applications

Wear ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 298
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Monocarboxylic Acids ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acids ◽  
Naturally Occurring

scholarly journals Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1050-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaison Jeevanandam ◽  
Ahmed Barhoum ◽  
Yen S Chan ◽  
Alain Dufresne ◽  
Michael K Danquah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Toxic Reactions

Nanomaterials (NMs) have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. NMs are categorized depending on their size, composition, shape, and origin. The ability to predict the unique properties of NMs increases the value of each classification. Due to increased growth of production of NMs and their industrial applications, issues relating to toxicity are inevitable. The aim of this review is to compare synthetic (engineered) and naturally occurring nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructured materials (NSMs) to identify their nanoscale properties and to define the specific knowledge gaps related to the risk assessment of NPs and NSMs in the environment. The review presents an overview of the history and classifications of NMs and gives an overview of the various sources of NPs and NSMs, from natural to synthetic, and their toxic effects towards mammalian cells and tissue. Additionally, the types of toxic reactions associated with NPs and NSMs and the regulations implemented by different countries to reduce the associated risks are also discussed.

scholarly journals Colorful World of Microbes: Carotenoids and Their Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kushwaha Kirti ◽  
Saini Amita ◽  
Saraswat Priti ◽  
Agarwal Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Saxena Jyoti
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Photooxidative Damage ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Yellow Orange

Microbial cells accumulate pigments under certain culture conditions, which have very important industrial applications. Microorganisms can serve as sources of carotenoids, the most widespread group of naturally occurring pigments. More than 750 structurally different yellow, orange, and red colored molecules are found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes with an estimated market of $ 919 million by 2015. Carotenoids protect cells against photooxidative damage and hence found important applications in environment, food and nutrition, disease control, and as potent antimicrobial agents. In addition to many research advances, this paper reviews concerns with recent evaluations, applications of microbial pigments, and recommendations for future researches with an understanding of evolution and biosynthetic pathways along with other relevant aspects.

Lipases: Sources, Production, Purification, and Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Patel ◽  
Dhananjai Rai ◽  
Shivam ◽  
Shraddha Shahane ◽  
Umesh Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Lipase Enzyme ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Microbial Lipases ◽  
The One

Background and Sources: Lipase enzyme is a naturally occurring enzyme found in the stomach and pancreatic juice. Its function is to digest fats and lipids, helping to maintain correct gallbladder function. Lipase is the one such widely used and versatile enzyme. These enzymes are obtained from animals, plants and as well as from several microorganisms and are sufficiently stable. These are considered as nature’s catalysts, but commercially, only microbial lipases are being used significantly. </P><P> Applications: They found enormous application in the industries of fat and oil processing, oleochemical industry, food industry, detergents, pulp and paper industry, detergents, environment management, tea processing, biosensors and cosmetics and perfumery. Various recent patents related to lipases have been revised in this review. </P><P> Conclusion: Lipases are very peculiar as they have the ability to hydrolyse fats into fatty acids and glycerols at the water-lipid interface and can reverse the reaction in non-aqueous media. This natural ability makes it the most widely used enzyme in various industrial applications. This article deals with the immense versatility of lipase enzymes along with the recent advancements done in the various fields related to their purification and mass production in industries.

Size Distributions of Particles Extracted from Different Materials Compared with the MIL-STD-1246 Particle Size Distribution

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Roger Welker
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
History Of ◽  
Log Normal

MIL-STD-1246 particle-size distribution is the basis for specifying the particle cleanliness of surfaces for many governmental and industrial applications. MIL-STD-1246 states that naturally occurring particle contamination on surfaces follows a log-normal particle-size distribution, with a geometric mean of 1 μm, following a very precise size specification. However, the naturally occurring particle-size distribution may be a function of the material under examination or the prior cleaning or surface treatment history of the material. This paper explores the relation between the MIL-STD-1246 particle-size distribution and particle-size distributions measured after extraction followed by liquidborne particle-size distribution analysis.

scholarly journals Natural Fibers and Biopolymers Characterization: A Future Potential Composite Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranakoti Lalit ◽  
Pokhriyal Mayank ◽  
Kumar Ankur
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Green Composite ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Polymer Adhesion ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Hydrophilic Nature ◽  
Future Potential

Abstract Now days, green composite materials are now gaining popularity for the various industrial applications. It is a combination of naturally occurring reinforcement like jute, sisal, flax, hemp, and kenaf; and matrix materials like biopolymers or bio resins which have been derived from starch, and vegetable oils. It is becoming more desirable due to its properties like biodegradability, renewability and environment friendly. The present paper presents the various natural fibers and their combinations with biopolymers. The paper also reflects the key issue related to hydrophilic nature of natural fibers and their remedies for a good fiber and bio polymer adhesion. Furthermore the strategy used and major attributes of the green composite are also discussed.

scholarly journals Regioselective Hydroxylation of Rhododendrol by CYP102A1 and Tyrosinase

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1114
Author(s):  
Chan Mi Park ◽  
Hyun Seo Park ◽  
Gun Su Cha ◽  
Ki Deok Park ◽  
Chul-Ho Yun
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ortho Position ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Regioselective Hydroxylation ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions

Rhododendrol (RD) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound found in many plants. Tyrosinase (Ty) converts RD to RD-catechol and subsequently RD-quinone via two-step oxidation reactions, after which RD-melanin forms spontaneously from RD-quinone. RD is cytotoxic in melanocytes and lung cancer cells, but not in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. However, the function of RD metabolites has not been possible to investigate due to the lack of available high purity metabolites. In this study, an enzymatic strategy for RD-catechol production was devised using engineered cytochrome P450 102A1 (CYP102A1) and Ty, and the product was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), LC-MS, and NMR spectroscopy. Engineered CYP102A1 regioselectively produced RD-catechol via hydroxylation at the ortho position of RD. Although RD-quinone was subsequently formed by two step oxidation in Ty catalyzed reactions, L-ascorbic acid (LAA) inhibited RD-quinone formation and contributed to regioselective production of RD-catechol. When LAA was present, the productivity of RD-catechol by Ty was 5.3-fold higher than that by engineered CYP102A1. These results indicate that engineered CYP102A1 and Ty can be used as effective biocatalysts to produce hydroxylated products, and Ty is a more cost-effective biocatalyst for industrial applications than engineered CYP102A1.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Properties and Health Benefits of Eugenol: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farrukh Nisar ◽  
Mahnoor Khadim ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq ◽  
Jinyin Chen ◽  
Yali Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Organization

The biologically active phytochemicals are sourced from edible and medicinally important plants and are important molecules being used for the formulation of thousands of drugs. These phytochemicals have great benefits against many ailments particularly the inflammatory diseases or oxidative stress-mediated chronic diseases. Eugenol (EUG) is a versatile naturally occurring molecule as phenolic monoterpenoid and frequently found in essential oils in a wide range of plant species. EUG bears huge industrial applications particularly in pharmaceutics, dentistry, flavoring of foods, agriculture, and cosmeceutics. It is being focused recently due to its great potential in preventing several chronic conditions. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared EUG as a nonmutant and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) molecule. The available literature about pharmacological activities of EUG shows remarkable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties and has a significant effect on human health. The current manuscript summarizes the pharmacological characteristics of EUG and its potential health benefits.

scholarly journals Fungal Bioactive Anthraquinones and Analogues

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 714
Author(s):  
Marco Masi ◽  
Antonio Evidente
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Antiplatelet Aggregation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Derivatives Of

This review, covering the literature from 1966 to the present (2020), describes naturally occurring fungal bioactive anthraquinones and analogues biosynthesized by the acetate route and concerning several different functionalized carbon skeletons. Hydrocarbons, lipids, sterols, esters, fatty acids, derivatives of amino acids, and aromatic compounds are metabolites belonging to other different classes of natural compounds and are generated by the same biosynthetic route. All of them are produced by plant, microorganisms, and marine organisms. The biological activities of anthraquinones and analogues comprise phytotoxic, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antitumor, algicide, antifungal, enzyme inhibiting, immunostimulant, antiplatelet aggregation, cytotoxic, and antiplasmodium activities. The review also covers some practical industrial applications of anthraquinones.

Pathways for carboxylic acid transport by rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (5) ◽  
pp. F456-F462 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nord ◽  
S. H. Wright ◽  
I. Kippen ◽  
E. M. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Brush Border Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Monocarboxylic Acids ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acids ◽  
Renal Brush Border Membrane

Brush border membrane vesicles were purified from rabbit renal cortex using a calcium-precipitation procedure, and the uptake of carboxylic acids was determined by a rapid-filtration method. L-Lactate, pyruvate (monocarboxylic acids), and succinate (dicarboxylic acid) demonstrated features of Na+ cotransport: enhanced initial rate (1 s) of uptake with an inward Na+ gradient compared with the Na+ -free control condition and transient accumulation of substrate within the vesicles. Kinetic parameters derived for L-lactate and succinate show that each substrate is transported via single pathway and that the two substrates exhibit marginal cross-inhibition. A range of monocarboxylic acids including pyruvate and ketone bodies appear to interact with the monocarboxylic acid carrier. The kinetics of Nat-dependent pyruvate uptake suggest at least two transport pathways-namely, that this monocarboxylate shares both the mono- and dicarboxylic acid carriers. We conclude that isolated rabbit renal microvillus membranes possess independent transport systems for mono- and polycarboxylic acids.

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