Population-based universal screening for CRC: Secondary prevention

2022 ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Loretta De Chiara ◽  
María Gallardo-Gómez ◽  
Vicent Hernández ◽  
Oscar J. Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Population Based

scholarly journals Missed opportunities for secondary prevention of cerebrovascular disease in elderly British men from 1999 to 2005: a population-based study

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Ramsay ◽  
P. H. Whincup ◽  
S. G. Wannamethee ◽  
O. Papacosta ◽  
L. Lennon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Missed Opportunities

scholarly journals Which adolescents develop persistent substance dependence in adulthood? Using population-representative longitudinal data to inform universal risk assessment

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Meier ◽  
W. Hall ◽  
A. Caspi ◽  
D. W. Belsky ◽  
M. Cerdá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Adolescent Risk

BackgroundTo our knowledge, there are no universal screening tools for substance dependence that (1) were developed using a population-based sample, (2) estimate total risk briefly and inexpensively by incorporating a relatively small number of well-established risk factors, and (3) aggregate risk factors using a simple algorithm. We created a universal screening tool that incorporates these features to identify adolescents at risk for persistent substance dependence in adulthood.MethodParticipants were members of a representative cohort of 1037 individuals born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1972–1973 and followed prospectively to age 38 years, with 95% retention. We assessed a small set of childhood and adolescent risk factors: family history of substance dependence, childhood psychopathology (conduct disorder, depression), early exposure to substances, frequent substance use in adolescence, sex, and childhood socioeconomic status. We defined the outcome (persistent substance dependence in adulthood) as dependence on one or more of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, or hard drugs at ⩾3 assessment ages: 21, 26, 32, and 38 years.ResultsA cumulative risk index, a simple sum of nine childhood and adolescent risk factors, predicted persistent substance dependence in adulthood with considerable accuracy (AUC = 0.80).ConclusionsA cumulative risk score can accurately predict which adolescents in the general population will develop persistent substance dependence in adulthood.

Screening for prostate cancer

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz H. Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Prostate Cancer Mortality

Screening for a disease must be clearly defined and differentiated from early detection. ‘Screening’ refers to the application of tests to the whole population or to defined segments such as males within certain defined high risk age groups. If applied in such a fashion ‘screening’ for prostate cancer may also be described epidemiologically as ‘secondary prevention’. While high-quality randomized studies show that screening reduces prostate cancer mortality by 21–44%, there is wide agreement that the introduction of population-based screening is at present premature because harms, mainly the high rate of overdiagnosis seen currently outweighs the benefits. This chapter attempts to put current knowledge into perspective with a set of recognized prerequirements for the application of screening, established by Wilson and Jungner in 1968.

Universal Screening for G6PD Deficiency Detects More Cases Than Selective Testing

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 1261-1261
Author(s):  
Ilan Segal ◽  
Shraga Aviner ◽  
Ashraf Abu Rmaileh ◽  
Ornit Cohen ◽  
Avraham Sayag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Test ◽  
Background Testing

Abstract Background: Testing for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is traditionally restricted to jaundiced neonates, as well as to those whose risk factors provide sufficient grounds to suspect the deficiency. We assumed that in a multi-ethnic, multicultural society, routine neonatal screening for G6PD deficiency would detect more affected neonates. Methods: An observational, population-based, cohort study was designed to compare the incidence of G6PD deficiency between two groups of neonates using a validated qualitative enzyme test. Incidence of G6PD deficiency was calculated retrospectively for one group of neonates born between January 2005 and July 2012 (i.e., epoch 1), when only "at-risk" newborns were tested for the deficiency (i.e., group 1). Incidence was also calculated for a second, prospective group of neonates, who were all to be born between August 2012 and April 2014 (i.e., epoch 2), and were all screened for the deficiency irrespective of risk factors. Results: A total of 39,268 live-born infants were included in our study. In epoch 1, 6.8% of all newborns were tested for the deficiency, compared to about 87% in epoch 2. The incidence of G6PD deficiency was 0.4% (119/29,332) and 1.6% (156/9,936) in epoch 1 and epoch 2, respectively (p<0.05). Among females, there was a 6.6-fold increase in incidence of G6PD deficiency between epoch 1 (0.08% [12/14,410]) and epoch 2 (0.53% [26/4,881]), while among males there was a 3.4-fold increase in incidence between epoch 1 and epoch 2 (0.72% [107/14,922] and 2.47% [125/5055], respectively). Conclusions: As universal screening for G6PD deficiency detects more affected newborns than the selective, risk-factor-based testing does, we suggest that validation of our study and cost-effectiveness analyses may further the aim of introducing universal screening for G6PD deficiency for neonates born in multi-ethnic, multicultural society setting. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Treatment After Acute Coronary Syndrome: Baseline Clinical Characteristics and Sex Differences in a Population-Based Cohort Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Sotorra-Figuerola ◽  
Dan Ouchi ◽  
Ana García-Sangenís ◽  
Maria Giner-Soriano ◽  
Rosa Morros
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease remains the most common cause of death worldwide. Some differences between sexes in secondary prevention pharmacological therapies after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have been described, being women less likely to be treated. The aim was to to describe baseline socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and drugs prescribed for secondary prevention after a first episode of ACS in a Primary Health Care cohort population in Catalonia (Spain) and to assess differences between sexes.Methods: Population-based observational cohort study of patients with a first episode of ACS during 2009-2016. Data source: Information System for Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP) database. Results: There were 8,071 patients included, 71.3% of them were men and 80.2% had an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Their mean age was 65.3, being older the women than the men. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes and they were more common in women. Antiplatelets (91.3%) and statins (85.7%) were the study drugs most prescribed. The uses of all comedications were significantly higher in women, except for nitrates. The combination of four study groups was initially prescribed in 47.7% of patients and combination of beta-blockers, statins and antiplatelets was prescribed in 18.4%. More men than women received all recommended pharmacological groups.Conclusion: Women were older, had more comorbidities and received more comedication. Most patients were treated with a combination of four or three study drugs for secondary prevention. Men initiated more treatments for secondary prevention and dual antiplatelet therapy than women.

Aspirin As Secondary Prevention in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: An Unselected Population-Based Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (21) ◽  
pp. 2501-2508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simer J. Bains ◽  
Milada Mahic ◽  
Tor Åge Myklebust ◽  
Milada Cvancarova Småstuen ◽  
Sheraz Yaqub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prescription Database ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Norwegian Prescription Database ◽  
Unselected Population

Purpose Regular use of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is associated with reduced incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, aspirin as primary prevention is debated because of the risk of hemorrhagic adverse effects. Aspirin as secondary prevention may be more justified from a risk-benefit perspective. We have examined the association between aspirin use after the diagnosis of CRC with CRC-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Materials and Methods An observational, population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted by linking patients diagnosed with CRC from 2004 through 2011 (Cancer Registry of Norway) with data on their aspirin use (The Norwegian Prescription Database). These registries cover more than 99% of the Norwegian population and include all patients in an unselected and consecutive manner. Exposure to aspirin was defined as receipt of aspirin prescriptions for more than 6 months after the diagnosis of CRC. Multivariable Cox-proportional hazard analyses were used to model survival. The main outcome measures of the study were CSS and OS. Results A total of 23,162 patients diagnosed with CRC were included, 6,102 of whom were exposed to aspirin after the diagnosis of CRC (26.3%). The median follow-up time was 3.0 years. A total of 2,071 deaths (32.9%, all causes) occurred among aspirin-exposed patients, of which 1,158 (19.0%) were CRC specific. Among unexposed patients (n = 17,060), there were 7,218 deaths (42.3%), of which 5,375 (31.5%) were CRC specific. In multivariable analysis, aspirin exposure after the diagnosis of CRC was independently associated with improved CSS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.92) and OS (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.01). Conclusion Aspirin use after the diagnosis of CRC is independently associated with improved CSS and OS.

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