Improvement in Patient Understanding of Surgical Management of Colorectal Cancer Using Three-Dimensional (3D) Imaging

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructure visualization on the electron microscope requires that the sample be tilted to different positions to collect a series of projections. This tilting should be performed rapidly for on-line stereo viewing and precisely for off-line tomographic reconstruction. Usually a projection series is collected using mechanical stage tilt alone. The stereo pairs must be viewed off-line and the 60 to 120 tomographic projections must be aligned with fiduciary markers or digital correlation methods. The delay in viewing stereo pairs and the alignment problems in tomographic reconstruction could be eliminated or improved by tilting the beam if such tilt could be accomplished without image translation.A microscope capable of beam tilt with simultaneous image shift to eliminate tilt-induced translation has been investigated for 3D imaging of thick (1 μm) biologic specimens. By tilting the beam above and through the specimen and bringing it back below the specimen, a brightfield image with a projection angle corresponding to the beam tilt angle can be recorded (Fig. 1a).

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Analyzing the Impact of X-Ray Tomography on the Reliability of Integrated Circuits

ISTFA 2015: Conference Proceedings from the 41st International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2015p0154 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Halit Dogan ◽

Md Mahbub Alam ◽

Navid Asadizanjani ◽

Sina Shahbazmohamadi ◽

Domenic Forte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Integrated Circuit ◽

3D Imaging ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Serial Sectioning ◽

Promising Technique ◽

Flash Memories ◽

X Ray ◽

3D Information ◽

The Impact

Abstract X-ray tomography is a promising technique that can provide micron level, internal structure, and three dimensional (3D) information of an integrated circuit (IC) component without the need for serial sectioning or decapsulation. This is especially useful for counterfeit IC detection as demonstrated by recent work. Although the components remain physically intact during tomography, the effect of radiation on the electrical functionality is not yet fully investigated. In this paper we analyze the impact of X-ray tomography on the reliability of ICs with different fabrication technologies. We perform a 3D imaging using an advanced X-ray machine on Intel flash memories, Macronix flash memories, Xilinx Spartan 3 and Spartan 6 FPGAs. Electrical functionalities are then tested in a systematic procedure after each round of tomography to estimate the impact of X-ray on Flash erase time, read margin, and program operation, and the frequencies of ring oscillators in the FPGAs. A major finding is that erase times for flash memories of older technology are significantly degraded when exposed to tomography, eventually resulting in failure. However, the flash and Xilinx FPGAs of newer technologies seem less sensitive to tomography, as only minor degradations are observed. Further, we did not identify permanent failures for any chips in the time needed to perform tomography for counterfeit detection (approximately 2 hours).

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Hyperspectral Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Imaging Using Snapshot Optical Tomography

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21113652 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 3652

Author(s):

Cory Juntunen ◽

Isabel M. Woller ◽

Yongjin Sung

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

3D Imaging ◽

Optical Tomography ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

High Spectral Resolution ◽

Functional Information ◽

Fluorescent Beads ◽

Different Depths ◽

Projection Images ◽

Imaging Performance

Hyperspectral three-dimensional (3D) imaging can provide both 3D structural and functional information of a specimen. The imaging throughput is typically very low due to the requirement of scanning mechanisms for different depths and wavelengths. Here we demonstrate hyperspectral 3D imaging using Snapshot projection optical tomography (SPOT) and Fourier-transform spectroscopy (FTS). SPOT allows us to instantaneously acquire the projection images corresponding to different viewing angles, while FTS allows us to perform hyperspectral imaging at high spectral resolution. Using fluorescent beads and sunflower pollens, we demonstrate the imaging performance of the developed system.

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Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of lipids in skin tissues with infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (MALDESI) mass spectrometry

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s00216-020-03105-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hongxia Bai ◽

Keith E. Linder ◽

David C. Muddiman

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Electrospray Ionization ◽

3D Imaging ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Desorption Electrospray Ionization ◽

Laser Desorption ◽

Matrix Assisted Laser ◽

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption

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Accuracy and Reliability of Soft Tissue Landmarks Using Three-Dimensional Imaging in Comparison With Two-Dimensional Cephalometrics: A Systematic Review

The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society ◽

10.1177/0301574220963412 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 289-296

Author(s):

Adeeba Ali ◽

Anil K. Chandna ◽

Anshul Munjal

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

3D Imaging ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Database Search ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Imaging Tool ◽

Electronic Database Search

Background: Concerns about the accuracy and reliability of soft tissue landmarks using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Objective: The aim of the systematic review is to estimate accuracy and reliability of soft tissue landmarks with 2D imaging and 3D imaging for orthodontic diagnosis planning and treatment planning purposes. Data Sources: Electronic database search was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase via embase.com, and the Cochrane library website. Selection Criteria: The data were extracted according to two protocols based on Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) critical appraisal tools. Next, levels of evidence were categorized into three groups: low, medium, and high. Data Synthesis: Fifty-five publications were found through database search strategies. A total of nine publications were included in this review. Conclusion According to the available literature, 3D imaging modalities were more accurate and reliable as compared to 2D modalities. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was considered the most reliable imaging tool for soft tissues.

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3D IMAGING OF INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES: A REVIEW

Image Analysis & Stereology ◽

10.5566/ias.v31.p65-77 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Eric Pirard

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Digital Imaging ◽

Systems Analysis ◽

3D Imaging ◽

Materials Science ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Shape Estimation ◽

Individual Particles ◽

Made In

In recent years, impressive progress has been made in digital imaging and in particular in three dimensional visualisation and analysis of objects. This paper reviews the most recent literature on three dimensional imaging with a special attention to particulate systems analysis. After an introduction recalling some important concepts in spatial sampling and digital imaging, the paper reviews a series of techniques with a clear distinction between the surfometric and volumetric principles. The literature review is as broad as possible covering materials science as well as biology while keeping an eye on emerging technologies in optics and physics. The paper should be of interest to any scientist trying to picture particles in 3D with the best possible resolution for accurate size and shape estimation. Though techniques are adequate for nanoscopic and microscopic particles, no special size limit has been considered while compiling the review.

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Three-Dimensional Imaging of Terahertz Circular SAR with Sparse Linear Array

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s18082477 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 2477 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jubo Hao ◽

Jin Li ◽

Yiming Pi

Keyword(s):

3D Imaging ◽

Linear Array ◽

Ground Plane ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Terahertz Waves ◽

Recovery Method ◽

Imaging Algorithm ◽

Imaging Geometry ◽

Imaging Results ◽

Sparse Linear Array

Due to the non-contact detection ability of radar and the harmlessness of terahertz waves to the human body, three-dimensional (3D) imaging using terahertz synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an efficient method of security detection in public areas. To achieve high-resolution and all aspect imaging, circular trajectory movement of radar and linear sensor array along the height direction were used in this study. However, the short wavelength of terahertz waves makes it practically impossible for the hardware to satisfy the half-wavelength spacing condition to avoid grating lobes. To solve this problem, a sparse linear array model based on the equivalent phase center principle was established. With the designed imaging geometry and corresponding echo signal model, a 3D imaging algorithm was derived. Firstly, the phase-preserving algorithm was adopted to obtain the 2D image of the ground plane for each sensor. Secondly, the sparse recovery method was applied to accomplish the scattering coefficient reconstruction along the height direction. After reconstruction of all the range-azimuth cells was accomplished, the final 3D image was obtained. Numerical simulations and experiments using terahertz radar were performed. The imaging results verify the effectiveness of the 3D imaging algorithm for the proposed model and validate the feasibility of terahertz radar applied in security detection.

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Automatic Detection Technology of Sonar Image Target Based on the Three-Dimensional Imaging

Journal of Sensors ◽

10.1155/2017/8231314 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wanzeng Kong ◽

Jinshuai Yu ◽

Ying Cheng ◽

Weihua Cong ◽

Huanhuan Xue

Keyword(s):

Data Storage ◽

3D Imaging ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Automatic Detection ◽

Classification Model ◽

Image Detection ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Sonar Image ◽

Detection Technology

With 3D imaging of the multisonar beam and serious interference of image noise, detecting objects based only on manual operation is inefficient and also not conducive to data storage and maintenance. In this paper, a set of sonar image automatic detection technologies based on 3D imaging is developed to satisfy the actual requirements in sonar image detection. Firstly, preprocessing was conducted to alleviate the noise and then the approximate position of object was obtained by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio of each target. Secondly, the separation of water bodies and strata is realized by maximum variance between clusters (OTSU) since there exist obvious differences between these two areas. Thus image segmentation can be easily implemented on both. Finally, the feature extraction is carried out, and the multidimensional Bayesian classification model is established to do classification. Experimental results show that the sonar-image-detection technology can effectively detect the target and meet the requirements of practical applications.

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The fossil record of whip spiders: the past of Amblypygi

PalZ ◽

10.1007/s12542-021-00552-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carolin Haug ◽

Joachim T. Haug

Keyword(s):

Fossil Record ◽

3D Imaging ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dorsal Shield ◽

Stereo Images ◽

Geological Time ◽

High Quality ◽

The Past ◽

Over Time

AbstractWhip spiders (Amblypygi), as their name suggests, resemble spiders (Araneae) in some aspects, but differ from them by their heart-shaped (prosomal) dorsal shield, their prominent grasping pedipalps, and their subsequent elongate pair of feeler appendages. The oldest possible occurrences of whip spiders, represented by cuticle fragments, date back to the Devonian (c. 385 mya), but (almost) complete fossils are known from the Carboniferous (c. 300 mya) onwards. The fossils include specimens preserved on slabs or in nodules (Carboniferous, Cretaceous) as well as specimens preserved in amber (Cretaceous, Eocene, Miocene). We review here all fossil whip spider specimens, figure most of them as interpretative drawings or with high-quality photographs including 3D imaging (stereo images) to make the three-dimensional relief of the specimens visible. Furthermore, we amend the list by two new specimens (resulting in 37 in total). The fossil specimens as well as modern whip spiders were measured to analyse possible changes in morphology over time. In general, the shield appears to have become relatively broader and the pedipalps and walking appendages have become more elongate over geological time. The morphological details are discussed in an evolutionary framework and in comparison with results from earlier studies.

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The New Era of Three-Dimensional Histoarchitecture of the Human Endometrium

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11080713 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 713

Author(s):

Manako Yamaguchi ◽

Kosuke Yoshihara ◽

Nozomi Yachida ◽

Kazuaki Suda ◽

Ryo Tamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Imaging ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

3D Structure ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Human Endometrium ◽

Tissue Structure ◽

New Era ◽

Whole Mount ◽

Uterine Glands

The histology of the endometrium has traditionally been established by observation of two-dimensional (2D) pathological sections. However, because human endometrial glands exhibit coiling and branching morphology, it is extremely difficult to obtain an entire image of the glands by 2D observation. In recent years, the development of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of serial pathological sections by computer and whole-mount imaging technology using tissue clearing methods with high-resolution fluorescence microscopy has enabled us to observe the 3D histoarchitecture of tissues. As a result, 3D imaging has revealed that human endometrial glands form a plexus network in the basalis, similar to the rhizome of grass, whereas mouse uterine glands are single branched tubular glands. This review summarizes the relevant literature on the 3D structure of mouse and human endometrium and discusses the significance of the rhizome structure in the human endometrium and the expected role of understanding the 3D tissue structure in future applications to systems biology.

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