Interfacial area measurements and surface area quantification for spray absorption

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tamhankar ◽  
B. King ◽  
J. Whiteley ◽  
K. McCarley ◽  
T. Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Spray Absorption

scholarly journals A Multi-Scale Approach to Modeling the Interfacial Reaction Kinetics of Lipases with Emphasis on Enzyme Adsorption at Water-Oil Interfaces

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1082
Author(s):  
Sherly Rusli ◽  
Janna Grabowski ◽  
Anja Drews ◽  
Matthias Kraume
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Enzyme Adsorption ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Specific Interfacial Area ◽  
Enzyme Molecules ◽  
Interfacial Adsorption

The enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides with lipases (EC 3.1.1.3.) involves substrates from both water and oil phases, with the enzyme molecules adsorbed at the water-oil (w/o) interface. The reaction rate depends on lipase concentration at the interface and the available interfacial area in the emulsion. In emulsions with large drops, the reaction rate is limited by the surface area. This effect must be taken into account while modelling the reaction. However, determination of the interfacial saturation is not a trivial matter, as enzyme molecules have the tendency to unfold on the interface, and form multi-layer, rendering many enzyme molecules unavailable for the reaction. A multi-scale approach is needed to determine the saturation concentration with specific interfacial area so that it can be extrapolated to droplet swarms. This work explicitly highlights the correlation between interfacial adsorption and reaction kinetics, by integration of the adsorption kinetics into the enzymatic reaction. The rate constants were fitted globally against data from both single droplet and drop swarm experiments. The amount of adsorbed enzymes on the interface was measured in a single drop with a certain surface area, and the enzyme interfacial loading was estimated by Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

Bound Rubber and Elastomer-Filler Interaction

1995 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Meissner
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Unit Surface Area ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Structure

Abstract The statistical theory of bound rubber and the polymer-filler gel formation theory are shown to offer a satisfactory quantitative description of a set of experimental bound-rubber data recently obtained by Wolff, Wang, Tan (Rubber Chem. Technol. 66, 163 (1993)) on SBR compounds filled with 17 furnace blacks covering the whole range of rubber grades. The observed decrease of bound-rubber content per unit of interfacial area with increasing loading and/or specific surface area of carbon black is explained by the theory as being due to the statistical nature of the adsorption process. A correlation was found to exist between specific surface activity of filler D (adjustable parameter of the theory, number of active sites per unit surface area) and filler structure, the latter being characterized by the difference between DBP absorption and crushed DBP absorption. Also, D was found to increase with loading of a high-structure black. The two effects are ascribed to filler aggregates breakdown during mixing, which leads to a new active surface formation for polymer bonding.

Filler-Elastomer Interactions. Part VII. Study on Bound Rubber

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Wolff ◽  
Meng-Jiao Wang ◽  
Ewe-Hong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Critical Loading ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Bound Rubber

Abstract SBR compounds were filled with 17 carbon blacks covering the whole range of rubber grades and tested for bound-rubber content. It was found that the bound-rubber content of a polymer at high loadings is higher for large surface-area carbon blacks. On the other hand, the bound-rubber content per unit of interfacial area in the compound (specific bound-rubber content) decreases with increasing specific surface area and filler loading. This observation was interpreted in terms of interaggregate multiple molecular adsorption, filler agglomeration, and change of molecular weight of rubber during mixing. When the comparison was carried out at critical loading of a coherent mass, the specific bound-rubber content was found to be higher for the high-surface-area products which are characterized by high surface energies. The critical loading of coherent mass of bound rubber also shows a strong surface-area dependence, indicating that large particle carbon blacks give high critical loadings. The measurements of bound rubber at high temperatures for carbon-black-filled compounds and in an ammonia atmosphere for silica-filled compounds suggest that bound rubber is caused essentially by physical adsorption.

Effect of Carbon Black on Hysteresis of Rubber Vulcanizates: Equivalence of Surface Area and Loading

1976 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1076-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Caruthers ◽  
R. E. Cohen ◽  
A. I. Medalia
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tan Δ

Abstract We have developed an empirical correlation between the loss tangent (tan δ) and the product of the volume fraction (ϕ) of carbon black in the composite and the total filler-polymer interfacial area per unit volume of composite (ψ). This correlation was applied to vulcanizates based on SBR-1500, SBR-1712, and NR with various compounding procedures and under different deformation conditions, including forced vibration nonresonant dynamic test machines, and the Goodyear-Healey pendulum rebound. The functional form of the correlation was qualitatively similar in all instances ; however, quantitative aspects of the correlation are dependent upon the particular experimental conditions. Tan δ is a weak function of the deformation amplitude over the region of practical interest. This is in contrast to hysteretic energy loss, which is proportional to the square of the amplitude. The validity of the correlation over wide ranges of amplitude, temperature, and frequency indicates that the viscoelastic relaxation or loss processes are similar over the range of conditions studied. Since the combined parameter, ϕψ, is proportional to ϕ2 multiplied by the specific surface area of the carbon black, this relation implies an equivalence between surface area and loading, with regard to tan 5. It has previously been shown that the elastic modulus depends on structure and loading. Thus, the dynamic properties, including hysteresis under various conditions, can be predicted from the carbon black properties, and compounds can be designed for desired dynamic properties by independent adjustment of loading, structure and surface area.

Epoxy composite sheets with a large interfacial area from a high surface area-supplying single-walled carbon nanotube scaffold filler

Carbon ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 5090-5098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazufumi Kobashi ◽  
Hidekazu Nishino ◽  
Takeo Yamada ◽  
Don N. Futaba ◽  
Motoo Yumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Single Walled Carbon

Estimation of Interfacial Area Concentration for Two-Phase Slug Flow From Dual-Probe Hot-Film Measurements

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wang ◽  
C. Y. Ching
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Slug Flow ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Gas Bubbles ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Interfacial Area Concentration ◽  
Hot Film ◽  
Dual Probe ◽  
Taylor Bubbles

A relatively simple technique has been developed to estimate the interfacial area concentration (ai) of vertically upward gas-liquid slug flow from dual-probe hot-film anemometry measurements. The slug flow is modeled as a series of Taylor bubbles having a regular bullet-like shape separated by liquid slugs containing small spherical gas bubbles. The total interfacial area is the sum of the Taylor bubble surface area and the surface area of the bubbles in the liquid slugs. The ai is estimated from the mean diameter and local void fraction of the bubbles in the liquid slugs, and the length of the Taylor bubbles. These parameters are obtained through selective discrimination of the hot-film signals to separate the Taylor bubbles from the smaller gas bubbles in the liquid slugs. The important non-dimensional parameters that influence the interfacial area concentration are obtained using the synthesis method. A new correlation for ai for vertically-upward slug flow is developed based on the present measurements.

Ultrathin nanosheets of palladium in boosting its cocatalyst role and plasmonic effect towards enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (62) ◽  
pp. 56800-56806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhen Zhu ◽  
Zaixiang Xu ◽  
Wenya Jiang ◽  
Wenjie Yin ◽  
Shuxian Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Catalytic Reaction ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Large Surface Area ◽  
Plasmonic Effect ◽  
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Ultrathin Nanosheets

Large surface area for catalytic reaction/light absorption and large interfacial area with semiconductor for charge transfer highlight the ultrathin metal nanosheets as ideal cocatalyst and plasmonic agent in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

scholarly journals Study of the influence of the binary mixtures of fluorocarbon surfactants on the surface tension of water

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Anna Taraba ◽  
Katarzyna Szymczyk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Intermolecular Interactions ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Model Parameter ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Monolayer Adsorption

Influence of the binary mixtures of fluorocarbon surfactants Zonyl FSO-100  (FSO100) and Zonyl FSN-100 (FSN100) on the surface tension of the water was studied. The effectiveness of adsorption process of the surfactant at the water-air interface was calculated from the obtained values of the surface tension of studied mixtures. Also the maximum surface area per molecule of surfactant in the interfacial area  and the free energy at the water-air interface  were determined. Moreover, the existence of synergetizm or antagonism effect, which reduces the surface tension of the water was examined. On the basis of the Rosen's model parameter the values of intermolecular interactions in the mixed monolayer adsorption were calculated.

Preparation and characterisation of vanadium pentoxide supported rhodium catalyst

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 946-947
Author(s):  
A. Legrouri
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Vanadium Pentoxide ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Rhodium Catalyst ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Reducible Oxides

The industrial importance of metal catalysts supported on reducible oxides has stimulated considerable interest during the last few years. This presentation reports on the study of the physicochemical properties of metallic rhodium supported on vanadium pentoxide (Rh/V2O5). Electron optical methods, in conjunction with other techniques, were used to characterise the catalyst before its use in the hydrogenolysis of butane; a reaction for which Rh metal is known to be among the most active catalysts.V2O5 powder was prepared by thermal decomposition of high purity ammonium metavanadate in air at 400 °C for 2 hours. Previous studies of the microstructure of this compound, by HREM, SEM and gas adsorption, showed it to be non— porous with a very low surface area of 6m2/g3. The metal loading of the catalyst used was lwt%Rh on V2Q5. It was prepared by wet impregnating the support with an aqueous solution of RhCI3.3H2O.

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