The effect of different pressurized fluids on the extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolics from cranberry pomace

Background: Garlic (Allium sativum) possesses health enhancing abilities due to the presence various phytoceutics moities. The current research was deigned to explore the phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of Pakistani garlic. Methods: Garlic extracts were obtained using methanol, hexane and ethyl acetate at different time intervals (35, 50 and 65 min) followed by their polyphenols and flavonoid content determination. Afterwards, the antioxidant potential was also determined. Results: The outcomes revealed that the methanolic extracts obtained at 50 min extraction time showed maximum total phenolics as 60.38±0.23 mg GAE/100g and flavonoids as 58.45&#177;1.24 mg/100g. Similarly, the highest DPPH activity (61.59±1.58%) and &#946;-carotene and linoleic acid potential (64.96&#177;1.72%) were also observed for methanolic extract. Conclusion: Inferences were made that Pakistani garlic contains myriad of phenolics and flavonoids but the extraction of these components depends upon the solvent/time combination. In this study, methanol proved to be the ideal solvent for the maximum extraction of phytochemicals from garlic.

Download Full-text

Effect of nixtamalization treatment of three varieties of grain sorghum on the reduction of total phenolics and their subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation ◽

10.1111/jfpp.14067 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Delmy Díaz González ◽

Rubén Morawicki ◽

Andy Mauromoustakos

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Grain Sorghum

Download Full-text

Phenolic Compounds from Leaves and Flowers of Hibiscus roseus: Potential Skin Cosmetic Applications of an Under-Investigated Species

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 522

Author(s):

Luana Beatriz dos Santos Nascimento ◽

Antonella Gori ◽

Andrea Raffaelli ◽

Francesco Ferrini ◽

Cecilia Brunetti

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Skin Care ◽

Modern Trend ◽

Perennial Species ◽

Collagenase Activity ◽

Protection Factor ◽

Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽

Ferulic Acids

The use of plant extracts in skin-care cosmetics is a modern trend due to their richness in polyphenols that act as anti-aging molecules. Hibiscus roseus is a perennial species naturalized in Italy, with beautiful soft pink flowers; its phenolic composition and biological activities have not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify the phenolics and to evaluate the antioxidant, sun protection factor (SPF), and anti-collagenase activities of the ethanolic extracts of H. roseus leaves (HL) and flowers (HF). p-Coumaric, chlorogenic, and trans-ferulic acids derivatives as well as quercetin and kaempferol flavonoids were the main phenolic compounds detected. Catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, tiliroside, oenin, and peonidin-3-O-glucoside were detected only in HF, while phloridzin was exclusive from HL, which also showed greater amounts of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. HF was richer in flavonoids and total phenolics, also exhibiting greater antioxidant capacity. The SPF and anti-collagenase activity of both extracts were similar and comparable to those of synthetic standards. The overall results demonstrate that H. roseus extracts are promising sources of bioactive phenolic compounds that could be potentially applied as anti-aging agents in skin-care cosmetics.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in some edible flowers

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2020-0087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 857-870

Author(s):

Fernando Gonçalves ◽

João Carlos Gonçalves ◽

Ana Cristina Ferrão ◽

Paula Correia ◽

Raquel P. F. Guiné

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Potential Health ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Potential Source ◽

Successive Extraction ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Total Anthocyanins

AbstractRecently, edible flowers (EF) have aroused increased interest because of their aesthetic properties as well as potential health benefits related to the occurrence of some bioactive compounds. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the total phenolics, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (AOA) (following DPPH and ABTS methods) in eleven EF. The samples were subjected to three successive extraction steps using methanol, and these extracts were then analysed for the aforementioned properties using spectrophotometric methods. The obtained extracts were used for the quantification of phenolic composition and AOA. The results indicated that, among the flowers analysed in this study, red rose, pink rose, and red carnation possessed the highest total phenolic contents (27.53, 23.30, and 18.17 mg g−1 gallic acid equivalents, respectively), total anthocyanins (3.07, 1.97, and 4.47 mg g−1 catechin equivalents [CE], respectively), and AOA (12.07, 15.77, and 12.93 mg g−1 TE, respectively, as given by the DPPH method or 8.23, 9.27 and 8.00 mg g−1 TE, respectively, as given by the ABTS method). The flowers with highest flavonoids contents were red carnation, Mexican marigold, and pink rose (17.50, 16.90, and 16.57 mg g−1 CE, respectively). Cluster analysis grouped the analysed flowers into two groups, those richest in phenolics with AOA and those not so rich. Finally, some important correlations were observed between the total phenolics and the AOA. In conclusion, these flowers could represent a potential source of natural compounds with antioxidant capacity.

Download Full-text

Comprehensive Study of Variety Oenological Potential Using Statistic Tools for the Efficient Use of Non-Renewable Resources

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11094003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 4003

Author(s):

Sílvia Petronilho ◽

Alisa Rudnitskaya ◽

Manuel A. Coimbra ◽

Sílvia M. Rocha

Keyword(s):

Renewable Resources ◽

Antiradical Activity ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Total Sugars ◽

Components Analysis ◽

Harvest Year ◽

Grape Varieties ◽

Comprehensive Study

The evaluation of the variety suitability regarding each appellation’s specificities should be a strategy for maximizing the varieties’ oenological potential while contributing to the sustainable production of quality wines, keeping their typicity and rationalizing winemaking costs. Thus, the combination of several grape physicochemical attributes, modulated by climate and vineyard characteristics, providing knowledge for each grape variety’s oenological potential, is a relevant and reliable support for winemakers’ decisions. To prove this hypothesis, six mature grape varieties from three harvests, each one from three vineyard parcels with different topographical conditions from Bairrada Appellation (Portugal), were studied using analysis of variance–simultaneous components analysis (ASCA). The effects of harvest year and parcel on grape berry weight, pH, titratable acidity, total sugars, total phenolics, antiradical activity, and volatile composition in free and glycosidically-linked forms were analyzed. The compositional plasticity of autochthonous varieties (white Arinto and Bical and red Baga, Castelão, and Touriga Nacional) was observed. Sauvignon Blanc grape composition was significantly modulated by harvest. This study represents an important contribution for the maintenance of varieties’ biodiversity while contributing to establishing their peculiarities. Autochthonous varieties, if accurately exploited, can provide higher characteristic diversity than worldwide used varieties, an aspect to be more objectively taken into consideration by winemakers.

Download Full-text

Paper-containing 1-methylcyclopropene treatment suppresses fruit decay of fresh Anxi persimmons by enhancing disease resistance

Food Quality and Safety ◽

10.1093/fqsafe/fyab007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Lingzhen Zeng ◽

Lili Shi ◽

Hetong Lin ◽

Yuzhao Lin ◽

Yixiong Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Decay Rate ◽

Potential Application ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Related Substances ◽

Postharvest Treatment ◽

Cent Relative Humidity ◽

Fruit Decay ◽

Fruit Disease

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential application of papers containing 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) postharvest treatment for suppressing fruit decay of fresh Anxi persimmons and its possible mechanism. Materials and methods Anxi persimmon fruit were treated with papers containing 1-MCP at the dosage of 1.35 μL/L and stored at 25 ± 1 °C and 85 per cent relative humidity for 35 days. During storage, the fruit decay rate and lignin content were evaluated, and the content of total phenolics, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), chitinase (CHI), and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) were determined by spectrophotometry. Results The 1-MCP–treated persimmons displayed a lower fruit decay rate, but higher contents of lignin and total phenolics, higher activities of PAL, PPO, POD, CHI, and GLU. Conclusions The treatment with 1-MCP could inhibit the fruit decay of postharvest Anxi persimmons, which might be because 1-MCP enhanced fruit disease resistance by increasing the activities of disease resistance-associated enzymes and retaining higher contents of disease resistance-related substances in postharvest fresh Anxi persimmons. These findings indicate that papers containing 1-MCP at the dosage of 1.35 μL/L have potential application in suppressing fruit decay and extending storage life of postharvest fresh Anxi persimmons.

Download Full-text

A simple new method for aged seed utilization based on melatonin-mediated germination and antioxidant nutrient production

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85541-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Song Yu ◽

Xuetian Zhu ◽

Helin Yang ◽

Lihe Yu ◽

Yifei Zhang

Keyword(s):

Total Phenolics ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Radical Scavenging Capacity ◽

Scavenging Capacity ◽

Aged Seed ◽

Phenolics Content ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽

Aged Seeds

AbstractSeed deterioration, coupled with a decrease in nutrients, is unavoidable following long-term storage, and these seeds are therefore used as livestock fodder. Here, we developed a simple, rapid and efficient method of producing high amounts of antioxidants from deteriorated seeds via melatonin-induced germination. Legume seeds were subjected to high humidity at 55 °C for 12–36 h to obtain aged seeds with a 40% germination rate and severely reduced antioxidant nutrition (total phenolics content, ferric reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity). Aged seeds were then treated with 0.1 mM melatonin, resulting in the production of sprouts with a higher total phenolics content (fivefold), greater ferric reducing power (sevenfold) and greater DPPH radical scavenging capacity (twofold) compared to the aged seeds. These findings suggest that melatonin treatment efficiently converted aged seed reserve residues into antioxidant nutrients, providing an alternative use for deteriorated seeds in food production.

Download Full-text

Aboveground plant-to-plant communication reduces root nodule symbiosis and soil nutrient concentrations

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92123-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuta Takahashi ◽

Kaori Shiojiri ◽

Akira Yamawo

Keyword(s):

Root Nodule ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Root Nodules ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Chemical Defenses ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Soil C ◽

Plant Communication ◽

Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽

Nodule Symbiosis

AbstractAboveground communication between plants is well known to change defense traits in leaves, but its effects on belowground plant traits and soil characteristics have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that aboveground plant-to-plant communication reduces root nodule symbiosis via induction of bactericidal chemical defense substances and changes the soil nutrient environment. Soybean plants were exposed to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from damaged shoots of Solidago canadensis var. scabra, and leaf defense traits (total phenolics, saponins), root saponins, and root nodule symbiosis traits (number and biomass of root nodules) were measured. Soil C/N ratios and mineral concentrations were also measured to estimate the effects of resource uptake by the plants. We found that total phenolics were not affected. However, plants that received VOCs had higher saponin concentrations in both leaves and roots, and fewer root nodules than untreated plants. Although the concentrations of soil minerals did not differ between treatments, soil C/N ratio was significantly higher in the soil of communicated plants. Thus, the aboveground plant-to-plant communication led to reductions in root nodule symbiosis and soil nutrient concentrations. Our results suggest that there are broader effects of induced chemical defenses in aboveground plant organs upon belowground microbial interactions and soil nutrients, and emphasize that plant response based on plant-to-plant communications are a bridge between above- and below-ground ecosystems.

Download Full-text

Effects of Elevated CO2 and Nitrogen Loading on the Defensive Traits of Three Successional Deciduous Broad-Leaved Tree Seedlings

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12070939 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 939

Author(s):

Yoko Watanabe ◽

Kiyomi Hinata ◽

Laiye Qu ◽

Satoshi Kitaoka ◽

Makoto Watanabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elevated Co2 ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

N Uptake ◽

Nitrogen Loading ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Tree Seedlings ◽

N Supply ◽

Successional Species

To elucidate changes in the defensive traits of tree seedlings under global environmental changes, we evaluated foliar defensive traits of the seedlings of successional trees, such as beech, oak, and magnolia grown in a natural-light phytotron. Potted seedlings were grown under the combination of two CO2 concentrations (360 vs. 720 ppm) and two nitrogen (N) treatments (4 vs. 15 kg N ha−1 yr−1) for two growing seasons using quantitative chemical analyses and anatomical method. We hypothesized that the effects of CO2 and N depend on the successional type, with late successional species providing greater defense of their leaves against herbivores, as this species exhibits determinate growth. Beech, a late successional species, responded the most to both elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2) and high N treatment. eCO2 and low N supply enhanced the defensive traits, such as the high leaf mass per area (LMA), high carbon to N ratio (C/N ratio), and increase in the concentrations of total phenolic and condensed tannin in agreement with the carbon–nutrient balance (CNB) hypothesis. High N supply decreased the C/N ratio due to the high N uptake in beech leaves. Oak, a mid–late successional species, exhibited different responses from beech: eCO2 enhanced the LMA, C/N ratio, and concentration of total phenolics of oak leaves, but only condensed tannin increased under high N supply. Magnolia did not respond to all treatments. No interactive effects were observed between CO2 and N supply in all species, except for the concentration of total phenolics in oak. Although the amounts of phenolic compounds in beech and oak varied under eCO2 and high N treatments, the distribution of these compounds did not change. Our results indicate that the changes in the defensive traits of forest tree species under eCO2 with N loading are related to the successional type.

Download Full-text