scholarly journals Short-term oral atrazine exposure alters the plasma metabolome of male C57BL/6 mice and disrupts α-linolenate, tryptophan, tyrosine and other major metabolic pathways

Toxicology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 130-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhoumeng Lin ◽  
James R. Roede ◽  
Chunla He ◽  
Dean P. Jones ◽  
Nikolay M. Filipov
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plasma Metabolome

scholarly journals Microbiome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal Novel Interplay Between the Skin Microbiota and Plasma Metabolites in Psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmei Chen ◽  
Jingquan He ◽  
Jinping Li ◽  
Qian Zou ◽  
Jiawei Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Plasma Metabolome ◽  
Pathological Mechanism ◽  
New Evidence

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects millions of people worldwide. There is still no effective approach for the clinical treatment of psoriasis. This is largely due to the lack of understanding of the pathological mechanism. Here, we comprehensively characterized the skin microbiome and plasma metabolome alterations of psoriasis patients. We observed that some pathogenic bacteria, including Vibrio, were significantly increased in psoriasis patients. The metabolomics results showed alterations in some metabolic pathways, especially pathways for lipid metabolism. In addition, microbiome-specific metabolites, including bile acids and kynurenine, were significantly changed. Correlation analysis revealed the interplay between the skin microbiota and plasma metabolites, especially between Vibrio and several lipids. Our results provide new evidence for the interplay between the skin microbiome and plasma metabolites, which is dramatically disrupted in psoriasis patients. This study also revealed the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

scholarly journals Quality Markers Addressing Preanalytical Variations of Blood and Plasma Processing Identified by Broad and Targeted Metabolite Profiling

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Kamlage ◽  
Sandra González Maldonado ◽  
Bianca Bethan ◽  
Erik Peter ◽  
Oliver Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Plasma Processing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Plasma Metabolome ◽  
Short Term Storage ◽  
Quality Markers ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract BACKGROUND Metabolomics is a valuable tool with applications in almost all life science areas. There is an increasing awareness of the essential need for high-quality biospecimens in studies applying omics technologies and biomarker research. Tools to detect effects of both blood and plasma processing are a key for assuring reproducible and credible results. We report on the response of the human plasma metabolome to common preanalytical variations in a comprehensive metabolomics analysis to reveal such high-quality markers. METHODS Human EDTA blood was subjected to preanalytical variations while being processed to plasma: microclotting, prolonged processing times at different temperatures, hemolysis, and contamination with buffy layer. In a second experiment, EDTA plasma was incubated at different temperatures for up to 16 h. Samples were subjected to GC-MS and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry–based metabolite profiling (MxP™ Broad Profiling) complemented by targeted methods, i.e., sphingoids (as part of MxP™ Lipids), MxP™ Catecholamines, and MxP™ Eicosanoids. RESULTS Short-term storage of blood, hemolysis, and short-term storage of noncooled plasma resulted in statistically significant increases of 4% to 19% and decreases of 8% to 12% of the metabolites. Microclotting, contamination of plasma with buffy layer, and short-term storage of cooled plasma were of less impact on the metabolome (0% to 11% of metabolites increased, 0% to 8% decreased). CONCLUSIONS The response of the human plasma metabolome to preanalytical variation demands implementation of thorough quality assurance and QC measures to obtain reproducible and credible results from metabolomics studies. Metabolites identified as sensitive to preanalytics can be used to control for sample quality.

scholarly journals Abiotic and biotic processes that drive carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-615
Author(s):  
Cody S. Sheik ◽  
H. James Cleaves ◽  
Kristin Johnson-Finn ◽  
Donato Giovannelli ◽  
Thomas L. Kieft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Prebiotic Chemistry ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Planetary Evolution ◽  
Broad Overview

Abstract Carboxylation and decarboxylation are two fundamental classes of reactions that impact the cycling of carbon in and on Earth’s crust. These reactions play important roles in both long-term (primarily abiotic) and short-term (primarily biotic) carbon cycling. Long-term cycling is important in the subsurface and at subduction zones where organic carbon is decomposed and outgassed or recycled back to the mantle. Short-term reactions are driven by biology and have the ability to rapidly convert CO2 to biomass and vice versa. For instance, carboxylation is a critical reaction in primary production and metabolic pathways like photosynthesis in which sunlight provides energy to drive carbon fixation, whereas decarboxylation is a critical reaction in metabolic pathways like respiration and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Early life and prebiotic chemistry on Earth likely relied heavily upon the abiotic synthesis of carboxylic acids. Over time, life has diversified (de)carboxylation reactions and incorporated them into many facets of cellular metabolism. Here we present a broad overview of the importance of carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions from both abiotic and biotic perspectives to highlight the importance of these reactions and compounds to planetary evolution.

scholarly journals Changes of Gene Expression in Euglena gracilis Obtained During the 29th DLR Parabolic Flight Campaign

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Krüger ◽  
Peter Richter ◽  
Julia Stoltze ◽  
Sebastian M. Strauch ◽  
Marcus Krüger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Parabolic flight maneuvers of Novespace’s Airbus A310 ZERO-G produce subsequent phases of hypergravity (about 20 s), microgravity (about 22 s) and another 20 s hypergravity on experiments located in the experiment area of the aircraft. The 29th DLR parabolic flight campaign consisted of four consecutive flight days with thirty-one parabolas each day. Euglena gracilis cells were fixed with TRIzol during different acceleration conditions at the first and the last parabola of each flight. Samples were collected and analyzed with microarrays for one-color gene expression analysis. The data indicate significant changes in gene expression in E. gracilis within short time. Hierarchical clustering shows that changes induced by the different accelerations yield reproducible effects at independent flight days. Transcription differed between the first and last parabolas indicating adaptation effects in the course of the flight. Different gene groups were found to be affected in different phases of the parabolic flight, among others, genes involved in signal transduction, calcium signaling, transport mechanisms, metabolic pathways, and stress-response as well as membrane and cytoskeletal proteins. In addition, transcripts of other areas, e.g., DNA and protein modification, were altered. The study contributes to the understanding of short-term effects of microgravity and different accelerations on cells at a molecular level.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF SOME BIOCHEMICAL VARIABLES DURING KICKBOXING COMPETITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Karadağ ◽  
Naci Ömer Alayunt ◽  
Kürşat Kargün ◽  
Yüksel Savucu ◽  
Ercan Gür ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
High Level ◽  
Competition Behavior

Background: Kickboxing is a high-intensity, intermittent combat sport, which is characterized by short-term complex abilities and tactical key movements. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the factors related to variability in potential biochemical parameters and competition behavior of high-level kickboxing athletes. Methods: Blood samples of athletes, which were obtained pre- and post-maximal competition applied in accordance with the period, were investigated. In the study, a total of 50 athletes, which consisted of 39 male and 11 female amateur athletes with a mean age of 20.08 ± 6.33. Results: Significant differences were determined in the Body Mass Index (BMI) values between females and males. It was determined that athletes’ Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Total Oxidant Level (TOL) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) values were significantly increased pre- and post-competition while it was determined that Total Antioxidant Level (TAL) were significantly decreased (p<0.05). According to the findings, it was observed that there were statistically significant differences between serum antioxidant, oxidant and liver enzymes of amateur level kickboxing athletes pre- and post-competition. Conclusion: In conclusion, considering the effects of effects of strikes received on the chest area and the effects of the liver, which is located in the intersection of all metabolic pathways, on muscle, increases in liver enzymes is an ordinary situation. It was finally observed that the strikes received caused increases in liver enzyme levels while decreased TAL and increased TOL levels were encountered based on antioxidant enzyme levels spent for removing the free radicals formed as a result of heavy exercise. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0746/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Maize Resistance to Stem Borers Can Be Modulated by Systemic Maize Responses to Long-Term Stem Tunneling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Manuel Rodríguez ◽  
Pablo Velasco ◽  
Ana Cao ◽  
Rogelio Santiago ◽  
Rosa Ana Malvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Systemic Response ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Constitutive Defenses ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Maize Resistance

Limited attention has been paid to maize (Zea mays L.) resistance induced by corn borer damage, although evidence shows that induced defenses have lower resource allocation costs than constitutive defenses. Maize responses to short- and long-term feeding by the Mediterranean corn borer (MCB, Sesamia nionagrioides) have been previously studied, but the suggested differences between responses could be due to experimental differences. Therefore, in the current study, a direct comparison between short- and long-term responses has been made. The objectives were (i) to determine changes in the level of antibiosis of the stems induced by feeding of S. nonagrioides larvae for 2days (short-term feeding) and 9days (long-term feeding), (ii) to characterize the metabolome of the stems’ short- and long-term responses to borer feeding, and (iii) to look for metabolic pathways that could modulate plant resistance to MCB. Defenses were progressively induced in the resistant inbred, and constitutive defenses were broken down in the susceptible inbred. Results suggest that the different resistance levels of the two inbreds to stem tunneling by MCB could depend on their ability to establish a systemic response. Based on these results, a high throughput look for specific metabolites implicated in systemic induced resistance to maize stem borers is recommended; the current focus on constitutive defense metabolites has not been successful in finding molecules that would be valuable tools for pest control.

scholarly journals Changes in Plasma Metabolome Profiles Following Oral Glucose Challenge among Adult Chinese

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1474
Author(s):  
Shaofeng Huo ◽  
Liang Sun ◽  
Geng Zong ◽  
Xia Shen ◽  
He Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Plasma Metabolome ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Glucose Challenge

Little is known about changes in plasma metabolome profiles during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Chinese. We aimed to characterize plasma metabolomic profiles at 0 and 2 h of OGTT and their changes in individuals of different glycemic statuses. A total of 544 metabolites were detected at 0 and 2 h of OGTT by a nontarget strategy in subjects with normal glucose (n = 234), prediabetes (n = 281), and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 66). Regression model, mixed model, and partial least squares discrimination analysis were applied. Compared with subjects of normal glucose, T2D cases had significantly higher levels of glycerone at 0 h and 22 metabolites at 2 h of OGTT (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05, variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1). Seven of the twenty-two metabolites were also significantly higher in T2D than in prediabetes subjects at 2 h of OGTT (FDR < 0.05, VIP > 1). Two hours after glucose challenge, concentrations of 35 metabolites (normal: 18; prediabetes: 23; T2D: 13) significantly increased (FDR < 0.05, VIP > 1, fold change (FC) > 1.2), whereas those of 45 metabolites (normal: 36; prediabetes: 29; T2D: 18) significantly decreased (FDR < 0.05, VIP > 1, FC < 0.8). Distinct responses between cases and noncases were detected in metabolites including 4-imidazolone-5-acetate and 4-methylene-L-glutamine. More varieties of distinct metabolites across glycemic statuses were observed at 2 h of OGTT compared with fasting state. Whether the different patterns and responsiveness of certain metabolites in T2D reflect a poor resilience of specific metabolic pathways in regaining glucose homeostasis merits further study.

scholarly journals Molecular and physiological evidence of genetic assimilation to high CO2in the marine nitrogen fixerTrichodesmium

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (47) ◽  
pp. E7367-E7374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan G. Walworth ◽  
Michael D. Lee ◽  
Fei-Xue Fu ◽  
David A. Hutchins ◽  
Eric A. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Genetic Change ◽  
Genetic Assimilation ◽  
Nitrogen Storage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Reciprocal Transplantation ◽  
Factor Expression ◽  
Transplantation Experiments ◽  
Phenotypic Responses

Most investigations of biogeochemically important microbes have focused on plastic (short-term) phenotypic responses in the absence of genetic change, whereas few have investigated adaptive (long-term) responses. However, no studies to date have investigated the molecular progression underlying the transition from plasticity to adaptation under elevated CO2for a marine nitrogen-fixer. To address this gap, we cultured the globally important cyanobacteriumTrichodesmiumat both low and high CO2for 4.5 y, followed by reciprocal transplantation experiments to test for adaptation. Intriguingly, fitness actually increased in all high-CO2adapted cell lines in the ancestral environment upon reciprocal transplantation. By leveraging coordinated phenotypic and transcriptomic profiles, we identified expression changes and pathway enrichments that rapidly responded to elevated CO2and were maintained upon adaptation, providing strong evidence for genetic assimilation. These candidate genes and pathways included those involved in photosystems, transcriptional regulation, cell signaling, carbon/nitrogen storage, and energy metabolism. Conversely, significant changes in specific sigma factor expression were only observed upon adaptation. These data reveal genetic assimilation as a potentially adaptive response ofTrichodesmiumand importantly elucidate underlying metabolic pathways paralleling the fixation of the plastic phenotype upon adaptation, thereby contributing to the few available data demonstrating genetic assimilation in microbial photoautotrophs. These molecular insights are thus critical for identifying pathways under selection as drivers in plasticity and adaptation.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Usefulness of 1, 5 Anhyroglucitol in Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 935-942
Author(s):  
Swaminathan S ◽  
Abirami MJ ◽  
Oviya Senthilraj
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Clinical Usefulness ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Short Time

1,5 AG is a six carbon chain monosaccharide and is one of the major polyols present in humans. The approximate normal levels of 1,5AG are about 20 -40 µg/mL. The main source of 1,5AG is diet containing carbohydrates, and this 1,5AG undergoes similar metabolic pathways like other saccharides and is distributed in all organs and tissues. Once DM is confirmed and treatment initiated, it is important to monitor glycemic control at regular intervals of time. While HbA1c has been used as a gold standard to monitor diabetic control during the preceding 2-3 months, GA and FA were used to monitor short time glycemic control. But none of the above three serves to monitor glycemic excursion after meals. 1,5AG has been emerging as an alternative short-term diabetic control monitoring marker to assess short term glycemic excursions. 1,5 AG has also been found to be useful to monitor CVD, CLD patients as well in the clinical usefulness of subtypes of DM. This review article gives a condensed version of research findings during the last two decades and will be very useful for future researchers to expand the clinical usefulness of 1,5AG in other areas of human health.

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