Hands in Cont(r)act: The Resiliency of Business Handshakes in Pandemic Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl N. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Legal Subjectivity ◽  
Legal Contract ◽  
The Status

AbstractThis article examines the persistence of the handshake in business circles despite its implication in the spread of communicable disease in contemporary pandemic culture. An examination of business etiquette discourse suggests that even during disease outbreaks or flu season, the business handshake remains an important visual and haptic legal gesture. While it may no longer produce a binding legal contract, it stages the parties as contractable subjects, as claiming the status of autonomous individuals committed to defining their intersubjective relationship through the norms of contract. The business handshake thus operates as a cultural site for the complex interaction of bodies and law, and the production of masculine, haptic-legal subjectivity.

Varia: Attribution, predication, apposition – Part second

Proglas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Getsov ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Grammatical Relation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Syntactic Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Syntactic Relations

The paper is part of a series of publications that set out to examine various aspects in the analysis of appositive constructions. The purpose of this particular study is to reveal the multidimensional, diverse, and complex interaction between three types of syntactic relations – attributive, predicative, and appositive. The study offers a critical review of various theories on the status of the grammatical relation between the components of non-detached (close) appositive constructions. The main argument of this paper is that determining this status, on the one hand, is a function of the morphological and semantic characteristics of the components of the construction, while, on the other hand, it determines their syntactic status.

scholarly journals Risk factors and risk factor cascades for communicable disease outbreaks in complex humanitarian emergencies: a qualitative systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. e000647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Christiane Hammer ◽  
Julii Brainard ◽  
Paul R Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Complex Humanitarian Emergencies

BackgroundCommunicable diseases are a major concern during complex humanitarian emergencies (CHEs). Descriptions of risk factors for outbreaks are often non-specific and not easily generalisable to similar situations. This review attempts to capture relevant evidence and explore whether it is possible to better generalise the role of risk factors and risk factor cascades these factors may form.MethodsA systematic search of the key databases and websites was conducted. Search terms included terms for CHEs (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs definition) and terms for communicable diseases. Due to the types of evidence found, a thematic synthesis was conducted.Results26 articles met inclusion criteria. Key risk factors include crowded conditions, forced displacement, poor quality shelter, poor water, sanitation and hygiene, lack of healthcare facilities and lack of adequate surveillance. Most identified risk factors do not relate to specific diseases, or are specific to a group of diseases such as diarrhoeal diseases and not to a particular disease within that group. Risk factors are often listed in general terms but are poorly evidenced, not contextualised and not considered with respect to interaction effects in individual publications. The high level of the inter-relatedness of risk factors became evident, demonstrating risk factor cascades that are triggered by individual risk factors or clusters of risk factors.ConclusionsCHEs pose a significant threat to public health. More rigorous research on the risk of disease outbreaks in CHEs is needed, from a practitioner and from an academic point of view.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence in Global Health —A Framework and Strategy for Adoption and Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor D. Hadley ◽  
Rowland W. Pettit ◽  
Tahir Malik ◽  
Amelia A. Khoei ◽  
Hamisu M. Salihu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Community Healthcare

Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in medicine have grown considerably in recent years. AI in the forms of Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Expert Systems, Planning and Logistics methods, and Image Processing networks provide great analytical aptitude. While AI methods were first conceptualized for radiology, investigations today are established across all medical specialties. The necessity for proper infrastructure, skilled labor, and access to large, well-organized data sets has kept the majority of medical AI applications in higher-income countries. However, critical technological improvements, such as cloud computing and the near-ubiquity of smartphones, have paved the way for use of medical AI applications in resource-poor areas. Global health initiatives (GHI) have already begun to explore ways to leverage medical AI technologies to detect and mitigate public health inequities. For example, AI tools can help optimize vaccine delivery and community healthcare worker routes, thus enabling limited resources to have a maximal impact. Other promising AI tools have demonstrated an ability to: predict burn healing time from smartphone photos; track regions of socioeconomic disparity combined with environmental trends to predict communicable disease outbreaks; and accurately predict pregnancy complications such as birth asphyxia in low resource settings with limited patient clinical data. In this commentary, we discuss the current state of AI-driven GHI and explore relevant lessons from past technology-centered GHI. Additionally, we propose a conceptual framework to guide the development of sustainable strategies for AI-driven GHI, and we outline areas for future research. Keywords: • Artificial Intelligence • AI Framework • Global Health • Implementation • Sustainability • AI Strategy   Copyright © 2020 Hadley et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

AYURVEDIC UNDERSTANDING & PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF COVID-19: AN OVERVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Ajai Kumar Pandey ◽  
Rashmi Kathait ◽  
Jaspreet Singh ◽  
Parameswarappa S. Byadgi
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
World Community ◽  
The Status

The world community is facing a pandemic of COVID -19, which is caused by infection of novel corona virus-2. The disease has spread globally with a total of 27.2 Cr conrmed cases, 53.3 L deaths and 24.3 Cr recovered as of December 13. Primarily; it involves the respiratory system and in due course of time affects the other systems too. The pathophysiology and management are still evolving in modern medicine, while developments of vaccine are under the way. As per Ayurveda, it is type of Aupasargikaroga (infectious disease) that is Sankramakaroga (communicable disease) in nature and later on it may derange the basic matrix of bio-humours and alter the status of Agnis (bio-res) and Ojas (immune strength). In view of this, different treatments guidelines have been recommended in the classics of Ayurveda by considering the genetic constitution (Prakriti), kala, bala and other epigenetic factors of the patient. Besides, specic recommendations for Ahara (diet), Nidra (sleep) and Brahmacharya (code of conduct related to mental and physical activities) have also been mentioned to target physical, mental, social and spiritual health. In this context authors have tried to explore the preventive aspects which are feasible for general public to become free from COVID-19 through Ayurveda.

Palliative care for children with communicable illnesses

2021 ◽  
pp. 304-322
Author(s):  
Michelle Meiring ◽  
Tonya Arscott-Mills
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Care Approach ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Communicable Illness

Whilst non-communicable diseases provided the impetus for the development of children’s palliative care (CPC) in the developed world, it was a single communicable illness human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) that was the catalyst for the development of many CPC programmes in the developing world. Whilst considerable gains have been made in preventing and controlling paediatric AIDS globally, there is still benefit to an integrated palliative care approach to the care of these children and especially for those living in countries without access to anti-retrovirals. Furthermore, there are many other communicable diseases associated with significant health-related suffering in children that could benefit from palliative care. This chapter proposes grouping these diseases using the well-known Association for Children with Terminal Conditions (ACT) categorization and discusses examples of important communicable diseases in each category. The need for improved CPC as part of the humanitarian response to acute communicable disease outbreaks such as Ebola virus disease is also explored.

Stakeholder Involvement in Outbreak Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
Magdalena M. Kraaij-Dirkzwager ◽  
Lianne G. C. Schol ◽  
Tjerk Jan Schuitmaker-Warnaar ◽  
Aura Timen ◽  
Jim E. Van Steenbergen
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Network Governance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Outbreak Management ◽  
Collective Interest ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks

Infectious diseases remain a threat to public health, requiring the coordinated action of many stakeholders. Little has been written about stakeholder participation and approaches to sharing information, in dynamic contexts and under time pressure as is the case for infectious disease outbreaks. Communicable-disease specialists fear that delays in implementing control measures may occur if stakeholders are not included in the outbreak-management process. Two case studies described in this article show how the needs of stakeholders may vary with time and that early sharing of information takes priority over shared decision-making. The stakeholders itemized their needs and potential contributions in order to arrive at the collective interest of outbreak management. For this, the results suggest the potential for improvement through development of “network governance” including the effective sharing of information in large networks with varying needs. Outbreaks in which conflicting perceptions may occur among the stakeholders require particular attention.

scholarly journals A qualitative study of the duty to care in communicable disease outbreaks

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2566-2575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile M. Bensimon ◽  
C. Shawn Tracy ◽  
Mark Bernstein ◽  
Randi Zlotnik Shaul ◽  
Ross E.G. Upshur
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks

scholarly journals You can treat my HIV – But can you treat my blood pressure? Availability of integrated HIV and non-communicable disease care in northern Malawi

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Pfaff ◽  
Vera Scott ◽  
Risa Hoffman ◽  
Beatrice Mwagomba
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
The Status ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Background: Many patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Malawi have or will develop non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The current capacity of ART sites to provide care for NCDs is not known.Aim: This study aimed to assess the capacity of ART sites to provide care for hypertension and diabetes in rural Malawi.Setting: Twenty-five health centres and five hospitals in two rural districts in northern Malawi.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed between March and May 2014 at all facilities. Qualitative interviews were held with three NCD coordinators.Results: Treatment of hypertension and diabetes was predominantly hospital-based. Sixty percent of hospitals had at least one clinician and one nurse trained in NCD care, whereas 5% of health centres had a clinician and 8% had a nurse trained in NCD care. Hundred percent of hospitals and 92% of health centres had uninterrupted supply of hydrochlorothiazide in the previous 6 months, but only 40% of hospitals and no health centres had uninterrupted supply of metformin. Hundred percent of hospitals and 80% of health centres had at least one blood pressure machine, and 80% of hospitals and 32% of health centres had one glucometer. Screening for hypertension amongst ART patients was only conducted at one hospital and no health centres. At health centres, integrated NCD and ART care was more common, with 48% (12/25) providing ART and NCD treatment in the same consultation.Conclusions: The results reflect the status of the initial stages of the Malawi NCD programme at sites currently providing ART care. 

scholarly journals Sosialisasi Penggunaan Pembersih Tangan (Handsanitizer) yang Efektif dalam Upaya Memenuhi Standar WHO dan Protokol Kesehatan Sesuai dengan UU No. 6 Tahun 2018 tentang Karantina Kesehatan di Muhammadiyah Kramat Jati, Jakarta Timur

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Marjan Miharja ◽  
Erwin Syahruddin ◽  
Bionda Johan Anggara ◽  
Johan Johan ◽  
Gugus Atmoko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The Government ◽  
Spreading Disease

WHO determined COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 9, 2020, which is the strongest push for this community service program to be carried out. WHO has published guidance on adjusting the MFIs while managing the risk of a spike in case numbers. WHO publishes guidance on adapting to LKMS, while still managing the risk of a re-increase in the number of cases. A series of measures was developed to help provide guidance to countries in adapting public health measures to various contexts and this provides consideration for decision makers. In connection with the policy of controlling infectious disease outbreaks, Indonesia has Law Number 4 of 1984 concerning Communicable Disease Outbreaks, Government Regulation Number 40 of 1991 concerning Management of Contagious Disease Outbreaks, and Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 1501 / Menkes / Per / X / 2010 concerning Certain Types of Infectious Diseases That Can Cause Outbreaks and Countermeasures. Including various policies to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic issued by the government. One of them is the Large-Scale Social Restrictions or PSBB at the end of March. Citing Article 1 paragraph 11 of Law (UU) Number 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine, PSBB is a limitation of certain activities of residents in an area suspected of being infected with a disease and / or contamination in such a way as to prevent the possibility of spreading disease or contamination. The policy covers at least school and work vacations, restrictions on religious activities and restrictions on activities in public places or facilities, including the socialization of washing hands using hand sanitizer which can be done in certain situations where soap and clean water are not available. For the results to be effective, the hand sanitizer used should contain at least 60% alcohol. This step is a necessity in order to prevent Covid-19 from becoming more widespread. The goal to be achieved from the socialization of good and correct hand washing is to understand the procedures, and be able to practice how to wash hands properly and correctly. It is hoped that in this socialization there will be a change in behavior in the community in washing hands as often as possible properly and correctly.

scholarly journals Syndromic Surveillance of Communicable Diseases in Mobile Clinics During the Arbaeenia Mass Gathering in Wassit Governorate, Iraq, in 2014: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris Lami ◽  
Wejdan Asi ◽  
Adnan Khistawi ◽  
Iman Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mobile Clinics

BACKGROUND Arbaeenia is the largest religious mass gathering organized annually in Karbala city, Iraq, and is attended by 8-14 million people. Outbreaks of communicable diseases are a significant risk due to overcrowding and potential food and water contamination. Syndromic surveillance is often used for rapid detection and response to disease outbreaks. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to identify the main communicable diseases syndromes among pilgrims during the Arbaeenia mass gathering in Wassit governorate, Iraq, in 2014. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the 40 mobile clinics established within Wassit governorates along the road to Karbala during the Arbaeenia mass gathering. Six communicable disease syndromes were selected: acute watery diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, fever and cough, vomiting with or without diarrhea, fever and bleeding tendency, and fever and rash. A simple questionnaire was used to directly gather basic demographics and the syndromic diagnosis from the attendees. RESULTS A total of 87,865 patients attended the clinics during the 10-day period, with an average of 219 patients/clinic/day. Approximately 5% (3999) of the attendees had communicable diseases syndromes: of these, 1693 (42%) had fever and cough, 1144 (29%) had acute diarrhea, 1062 (27%) presented with vomiting with/without diarrhea, and 100 (2%) had bloody diarrhea. The distribution of the syndromes did not vary by age or gender. Stool specimen cultures for <italic>Vibrio cholerae</italic> performed for 120 patients with acute diarrhea were all negative. CONCLUSIONS Syndromic surveillance was useful in determining the main communicable diseases encountered during the mass gathering. Expansion of this surveillance to other governorates and the use of mobile technology can help in timely detection and response to communicable disease outbreaks.

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