scholarly journals Factors preventing nosocomial outbreak following a single case of COVID-19 diagnosed during hospitalization: A retrospective review

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ho Kee Yum ◽  
I-Nae Park
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Single Room ◽  
Hospital Work ◽  
Hospital Closure ◽  
Close Contacts

Abstract Objective: Our hospital experienced a hospital shutdown and quarantine for two weeks after one case of COVID-19 was diagnosed during hospitalization. We analyzed the reopening process following hospital closure and possible factors that prevented hospital spread. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the confirmed patient’s medical records and results of epidemiological survey available from the infection control team of our hospital. Results: A total of 117 hospital staff members were tested, 26 of whom were self-isolated. Of the 54 inpatients tested, 28 on the same floor and two close contacts in the endoscopic room were quarantined in a single room. Finally, all quarantined hospital staff, inpatients and outpatients were tested for COVID-19 on the 14th day of close contact. The results were all negative, and the hospital work completely resumed. Conclusion: Although closing and isolating the hospital appeared to have played a useful role in preventing the spread of COVID-19 inside the hospital and to the local community, it is still debated whether or not the duration of hospital closure or quarantine was appropriate. The lessons from the two-week hospital closure suggest that wearing a mask, hand hygiene and the ward environment are important factors in preventing nosocomial outbreaks of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Colonisation with toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in a Scottish burns patient, June 2015

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Deshpande ◽  
Teresa Inkster ◽  
Kate Hamilton ◽  
David Litt ◽  
Norman Fry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Close Contacts

On 12 June 2015, Corynebacterium diphtheriae was identified in a skin swab from a burns patient in Scotland. The isolate was confirmed to be genotypically and phenotypically toxigenic. Multilocus sequence typing of three patient isolates yielded sequence type ST 125. The patient was clinically well. We summarise findings of this case, and results of close contact identification and screening: 12 family and close contacts and 32 hospital staff have been found negative for C. diphtheriae.

Hospital Experience with Varicella-Zoster Virus

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Krasinski ◽  
Robert S. Holzman ◽  
Rita LaCouture ◽  
Alfred Florman
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Serologic Testing ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
History Of

AbstractVaricella-zoster virus (VZV), one of the most common highly communicable agents of disease, stimulates aggressive infection control measures. In a 1-year period, at one hospital, at least 93 inpatients (82 adult patients, 11 pediatric patients) and 2 hospital staff with active varicella-zoster infections served as potential sources of nosocomial infection. Six incidents of exposure to the virus that occurred without the protection of standard infection control precautions were investigated by the infection control surveillance team. One hundred fifty-six patients and 353 hospital staff were exposed. Fifty-one patients had no history of varicella-zoster infection, but only five were susceptible by serologic testing. One hundred one staff members had no history of varicella-zoster, but only 11 were susceptible by serologic testing. These exposures resulted in three secondary varicella-zoster infections, six courses of varicella-zoster immune globulin prophylaxis and furlough of 13 staff members. Epidemiologic investigation consumed approximately 356 hours of staff time, and management of exposed persons cost approximately $41,500. Prospective knowledge of the immune status of health care workers would vastly decrease the time and effort required to control hospital VZV exposures.

scholarly journals Scheduling Delayed Treatment and Surgeries Post-Pandemic: A Stakeholder Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Emily S. Patterson ◽  
Elizabeth Lerner Papautsky ◽  
Jessica L. Krok-Schoen ◽  
Clara Lee ◽  
Ko Un Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Stakeholder Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Operating Rooms ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk

Many are interested in how to safely ramp up elective surgeries after national, state, and voluntary shutdowns of operating rooms to minimize the spread of COVID-19 infections to patients and providers. We conducted an analysis of diverse perspectives from stakeholders regarding how to trade off risks and benefits to patients, healthcare providers, and the local community. Our findings indicate that there are a large number of different categories of stakeholders impacted by the post-pandemic decisions to reschedule delayed treatments and surgeries. For a delayed surgery, the primary stakeholders are the surgeon with expertise about the clinical benefits of undergoing an operation and the patient’s willingness to tolerate uncertainty and the increased risk of infection. For decisions about how much capacity in the operating rooms and in the inpatient setting after the surgery, the primary considerations are minimizing staff infections, preventing patients from getting COVID-19 during operations and during post-surgical recovery at the hospital, conserving critical resources such as PPE, and meeting the needs of hospital staff for quality of life, such as child care needs and avoiding infecting members of their household. The timing and selection of elective surgery cases has an impact on the ability of hospitals to steward finances, which in turns affects decisions about maintaining employment of staff when operating rooms and inpatient rooms are not being used.

Migration, Agency, and the Sex Industry: Practitioners’ Perspectives on Foreign Sex Workers in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2954-2981
Author(s):  
Omur Kaya ◽  
Edna Erez
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Sex Market ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

The article presents the political, economic, and sociocultural factors that make Turkey an attractive destination for foreign sex workers, and reviews trends in official statistics of arrested traffickers, rescued victims, and deportation of migrant illegal sex workers. In-depth interviews of 20 law enforcement and nongovernmental organizations staff members, who in the course of their work come into close contact with foreign sex workers, shed light on the statistics. The interview data provide insights into the structure of the Turkish sex market, the factors that bring foreign women to work in this market, and the impact of legal reforms on the circumstances of foreign sex workers. The article concludes with the implications of the findings for public policy.

scholarly journals The Role of the Indonesian Muslim Community Identity in Strengthening Indonesia-Malaysia Relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-324
Author(s):  
Ali Maksum ◽  
Aris Fauzan ◽  
Sidiq Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Community Identity ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Islamic Identity

This article departs from the reality that identity played a significant role in Indonesia-Malaysia brotherhood relations. In addition, Malaysia is home to many Indonesian diasporas, either to work or study. In fact, the Indonesian diaspora still maintains a connection with the motherland through communities amid of identity issues with the Malaysian local. For instance, the emergence of anti-Malaysian versus anti-migrant sentiments, the use of a controversial term called ‘Indon’ and ‘Malingsia’ in the middle of Muslim brotherhood identity. Therefore, using a qualitative approach supplemented with unstructured interviews, this study found that Islamic identity obviously contributed to the harmony of people to people relations between the two nations. Indeed, Islamic identity became a catalyst especially for many Indonesian workers to build close contact with the Muslim local community. These findings are important for sociology and international relations students and researchers.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Lianhuaqingwen Capsules for the Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Prospective Open-Label Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Gong ◽  
Boyun Yuan ◽  
Yadong Yuan ◽  
Fengju Li
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Medical Observation ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Close Contacts ◽  
Nucleic Acid Tests

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. Community and close contact exposures continue to drive the COVID-19 pandemic. There is no confirmed effective treatment for suspected cases and close contacts. Lianhuaqingwen (LH) capsules, a repurposed Chinese herbal product that is currently on the market, have proven effective for influenza and COVID-19. To determine the safety and efficacy of LH capsules for the prevention of COVID-19, we conducted a prospective open-label controlled trial of LH capsules on subjects who had close contact with people infected with COVID-19. Subjects received LH capsules (4 capsules, three times daily) or the usual medical observation for 14 days. The primary endpoint was the rate of positive nucleic acid tests of nasal and pharyngeal swabs during the quarantine medical observation period. We included 1976 patients, including 1101 in the treatment group and 875 in the control group. The rate of positive nucleic acid tests in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.27% vs. 1.14%, respectively; mean difference: −0.87%; 95% CI: −1.83 to −0.13; p = 0.0174 ) during the quarantine medical observation period (14 days). Among subjects with different close contact states, there was no significant difference in the rate of positive nucleic acid test results among close contacts in the treatment group and the control group (6.45% vs. 11.43%, respectively; p = 0.6762 ). Among secondary close contacts, the rate of positive nucleic acid tests in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.09% vs. 0.71%, respectively; p = 0.0485 ). No serious adverse events were reported. Taken together, and in light of the safety and effectiveness profiles, these results show that LH capsules can be considered to prevent the progression of COVID-19 after close contact with an infected person. This trial is registered with ChiCTR2100043012.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin g (IgG) Kinetics in Healthcare Workers and Their Close Contacts Reduced Risk of Re-infection: South-East Asian Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mradul Kumar Daga ◽  
Govind Mawari ◽  
Vijay Kumar Karra ◽  
Meghachandra Singh ◽  
Siddharth Chand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Reduced Risk ◽  
Close Contacts

Abstract BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for global pandemic, and it has caused more than 2.3 million deaths. Persistence and stability of immunoglobulin G (IgG) response after recovery from COVID-19 infection is still uncertain. MethodsWe performed a longitudinal cohort study in healthcare workers (HCW) and their close contacts (Non-HCW) with known resolved SARS-CoV-2 infection and undiagnosed infection at Maulana Azad Medical College and associated Lok Nayak hospital, New Delhi. Baseline IgG antibody titers was determined and the participants were followed over a period of six months. We also examined relationship between SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) response and new symptomatic infection in HCW and Non-HCW over time. Results176 (70.9%) healthcare workers and 72 (29.0%) non-healthcare workers were recruited from two cohorts. 82 subjects recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection and 166 undiagnosed for the infection having history of close contact with COVID-19 patients were followed up for a median of 227 days (interquartile range, 166 to 202) after a positive IgG antibody test. In the recovered subjects 70.7% (58) were seropositive for first anti-spike IgG assay at baseline, followed by 80.0%, 90.6% and 82.6% at three visits respectively. In undiagnosed subjects 37.3% (62) were seropositive at baseline, followed by 70.9%, 75.8% and 82.2% respectively. Also, 46.8% (29) were asymptomatic with no symptoms of COVID-19 and were seropositive at baseline. However, presence of IgG antibodies was associated with substantial reduced risk of re-infection over the follow up duration.ConclusionOur data showed that the antibodies levels measured increased over the first three months and decreased slightly after that and remained at a plateau and relatively stable for at least a period of six months.

scholarly journals TRADISI WIWITAN: CARA PENYEBARAN DAN PROSES PEMBELAJARAN OLEH MASYARAKAT (Studi Kasus: Dusun Kedon Desa Sumbermulyo, Kecamatan Bambanglipuro, Kabupaten Bantul)

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Selamet Eko Edy Saputro ◽  
Dwiningtyas Padmaningrum ◽  
Arip Wijianto
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
Farmer Groups

The form of traditional knowledge that still persistence one is wiwitan tradition in Kedon Hamlet, Sumbermulyo Village, Bambanglipuro Subdistrict, Bantul Regency. The persistence of wiwitan tradition in Kedon Hamlet when the appreciation of cultural heritage generationsstarted to fade indicates that the presence of preservation efforts by the local community is still exist.Thisefforts can be done through learning and dissemination of wiwitan tradition by the local communities. Based on the idea this research aimed to; (1) determine how the communities of Kedon Hamlet, Sumbermulyo Village, Bambanglipuro Subdistrict Bantul Regency disseminate wiwitan tradition, (2) determine how the communities of Kedon Hamlet, Sumbermulyo Village, Bambanglipuro Subdistrict, Bantul Regencylearn wiwitan tradition. This research used a single case study method that examine the phenomenon of the persistence of wiwitan tradition. The data was collected by observation, documentation and indepth interview with informan. The determination informan conducted in purposive. Informan in the research are the head of Kedon Hamlet, chairman of the farmer groups, and the local communities. The data was analyzed using the model of interactive analysis Miles and Hubermen. This research showed that; (1) the communities of Kedon Hamlet disseminated wiwitan tradition in the form of cultural carnival, words of mouth and digital media, (2) the communities of Kedon Hamlet learned wiwitan tradition through social learning.

scholarly journals Estimating the number of children in households with substance use disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwig Kraus ◽  
Alfred Uhl ◽  
Josefine Atzendorf ◽  
Nicki-Nils Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background Parental substance misuse is reported to endanger the health and psychological development of children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to estimate the number of children currently affected by substance use disorders (SUDs) of any adult living in the same household. Methods Data came from the 2018 German Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA) among 18-64-year-olds (n = 9,267) and from population statistics. DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were used to assess SUD (abuse or dependence) related to tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine or amphetamine. Based on the number of household members, the number of children below the age 18 years and the information on SUD status of the respondent living in this household, the number of children in households with at least one member with SUD was estimated. Results In 2018, there were 13,597,428 children younger than 18 years living in Germany. Of these, 5.2–7.9% (686,482–696,279) were estimated to live in households where at least one adult had an alcohol-related disorder, 5.0–7.4% (674,065–690,792) in households where at least one adult was tobacco dependent and 0.38–1.05% (93,229–142,141) in households where at least one adult had a disorder related to the use of illicit drugs. The total number of children in close contact with SUD adults was estimated at 7.4–11.2% (1,000,725–1,522,667). Conclusions The large number of children affected by adults with SUD has implications for identification and prevention. Substantial variation in estimates, resulting from differences in methods, definition of exposure and exposure to whom, calls for international standardization in order to make estimates comparable.

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