scholarly journals Hunting, Husbandry, and Human-Environment Interactions in the Neolithic Lakeshore Sites of Western Switzerland

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar Kerdy ◽  
Patricia Chiquet ◽  
Jörg Schibler
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Exceptional Preservation ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Interdisciplinary Framework ◽  
Exploratory Procedures

The lakeshores of western Switzerland are one of Europe's best-known Neolithic settlement areas, thanks to dendrochronological dating and the exceptional preservation of organic materials. Against this outstanding background, this study uses zooarchaeological data to answer a series of questions regarding the Neolithic economy, environment and human-environment interactions at these lakeshore sites. It also discusses, within an interdisciplinary framework, the possible impact climatic fluctuations, cultural influence, topographical conditions, and demographic growth had on economic change. The results show that the faunal economy was mainly based on animal husbandry, with fluctuations in the cattle-pig ratio. Hunting also played an important role in the food system and focused mainly on large game, especially red deer, which contributed significantly to the meat supply. The results from comparing these animal bone remains also show that multiple factors, such as topography, climatic conditions, and cultural influence, played a part in the socio-economic organisation of the Neolithic communities. Exploratory procedures such as correspondence analysis support these interpretations.

scholarly journals The Stalagmite Record of Southern Arabia: Climatic Extremes, Human Evolution and Societal Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Luke Nicholson ◽  
Matthew J. Jacobson ◽  
Rob Hosfield ◽  
Dominik Fleitmann
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Societal Development ◽  
Southern Arabia ◽  
Mis 5E

The fluctuating climatic conditions of the Saharo-Arabian deserts are increasingly linked to human evolutionary events and societal developments. On orbital timescales, the African and Indian Summer Monsoons were displaced northward and increased precipitation to the Arabian Peninsula which led to favorable periods for human occupation in the now arid interior. At least four periods of climatic optima occurred within the last 130,000 years, related to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 5e (128–121 ka BP), 5c (104–97 ka BP), 5a (81–74 ka BP) and 1 (10.5–6.2 ka BP), and potentially early MIS 3 (60–50 ka BP). Stalagmites from Southern Arabia have been key to understanding climatic fluctuations and human-environmental interactions; their precise and high-resolution chronologies can be linked to evidence for changes in human distribution and climate/environment induced societal developments. Here, we review the most recent advances in the Southern Arabian Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene stalagmite records. We compare and contrast MIS 5e and Early Holocene climates to understand how these differed, benchmark the extremes of climatic variability and summarize the impacts on human societal development. We suggest that, while the extreme of MIS 5e was important for H. sapeins dispersal, subsequent, less intense, wet phases mitigate against a simplistic narrative. We highlight that while climate can be a limiting and important factor, there is also the potential of human adaptability and resilience. Further studies will be needed to understand spatio-temporal difference in human-environment interactions in a climatically variable region.

scholarly journals THE APPLICATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS IN LIVESTOCK AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO FEED ANTIBIOTICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
P. N. Miroshnikov ◽  
K. V. Zhuchaev
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Bactericidal Properties ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Different Doses

The applying of antibiotics in animal husbandry leads to the spread of antimicrobial resistant pathogens among domestic animals, which are subsequently transmitted to humans through the food chain. The analysis of literature data on the results of the study of phytochemicals of plant origin in the form of essential oils of medicinal and aromatic plants as one of the possible alternatives to feed antibiotics is presented. Such additives should reduce the incidence of animals by inhibiting pathogenic microflora, provide the animal with a larger amount of energy and nutrients by reducing the bacterial load in the intestine, reduce internal inflammatory processes by improving the immune system, and should be economically beneficial. A review of scientific studies showed that essential oils do have bactericidal properties, but their effect on the productive performance of animals still requires further research. Differences in animal productivity when using essential oils may be due to researchers using different doses, different test conditions (especially climatic conditions), and possible synergistic and antagonistic properties of essential oils with other feed substances. 

scholarly journals Raising Hereford breed in the conditions of the Republic of Tuva

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
B. M. Ludu ◽  
B. K. Kan-ool
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
The Republic

The paper presents the results of the research into the condition, number and concentration of beef cattle of Hereford breed, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the East Siberian region. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the methods of systematization, logical and comparative statistical analysis. The research information was based on the official materials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Tuva on animal husbandry. Out of the total number of livestock in the region (180 748 heads), Herefords amount to 2869 heads. A comparative analysis of livestock in farms of different forms of ownership and different natural and climatic zones was carried out. The largest population of Herefords (48.94%) is concentrated in the central agricultural and livestock zone with forest-steppe and steppe subzones (by the number of animals Piy-Khem kozhuun ranks first, 19.1%). In the southern zone of dry steppes, there are 27.43% of Herefords (by the number of livestock in the Republic, Tes-Khem kozhuun ranks second, 14.7%). In the western mountain-steppe zone there are 23.63% of Herefords, the largest number is in Barun-Khemchik (7.4%) and in Bai-Taiginsky (7%) kozhuun. Specialized beef cattle have not been brought to the high-mountain Mongun-Taiginsky kozhuun of the western zone or to the eastern high-mountain taiga zone. According to the results of the analysis, taking into account the category of farms, 56.4% of Herefords are kept in peasant farm enterprises, 19.7% – in agricultural production cooperatives, 29.7% – in other agricultural enterprises. All farms practise year-round grazing. Differences in the number of Hereford cattle by districts depend on the capacities of farms and climatic breeding zones. The monitoring which was carried out will allow to determine the prospects for raising purebred cattle of a specialized type, taking into account the terrain and zone of the breeding work in the conditions of year-round grazing in the Republic of Tuva.

Heat Sink Issue: A Specific Safety Issue for NPP Site Selection and Evaluation in the Warm Countries With Extreme Climatic Conditions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Rodionov ◽  
Jean-Marie Mattei
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Regulatory Review ◽  
Human Environment

One of the major issues during the site selection and design of a NPP is the heat sink issue, i.e. installation and availability of reliable and efficient recipient of heat (air, water or both of them) in relation in particular with: • waste the heat removed from the condenser of the turbines during normal operational state, • waste the heat removed from all of the safety-related and non-safety-related equipment and systems during normal operational state, • waste the residual heat removed from nuclear reactor fuel (situated in reactor vessel or tubes), the decay heat removed from nuclear spent fuel (situated in spent fuel pool), and the heat removed from all of the safety-related equipment and systems during abnormal operational state and accident conditions. There are several “newcomer” countries that are situated in warm climate zones. In such countries, the cooling water design could be a challenge with regards to extreme water and air temperatures, air humidity, absence of an important reliable cold water source inside the country, etc. In addition, some specific items related to natural, industrial and human environment should be considered during the site evaluation, as for example, risk of intensive biota development, oil spills, siltation, low water level events, etc. This requires particular consideration of the heat sink issue for the site regulatory review during the licensing process. The article discusses the methodology for site regulatory review with regards to the heat sink issue and provides some practical advises on safety assessment and acceptance criteria to be considered.

scholarly journals Lessons from Star Carr on the vulnerability of organic archaeological remains to environmental change

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (46) ◽  
pp. 12957-12962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty High ◽  
Nicky Milner ◽  
Ian Panter ◽  
Beatrice Demarchi ◽  
Kirsty E. H. Penkman
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Exceptional Preservation ◽  
Environmental Materials ◽  
The Last Glacial ◽  
Organic Remains

Examples of wetland deposits can be found across the globe and are known for preserving organic archaeological and environmental remains that are vitally important to our understanding of past human–environment interactions. The Mesolithic site of Star Carr (Yorkshire, United Kingdom) represents one of the most influential archives of human response to the changing climate at the end of the last glacial in Northern Europe. A hallmark of the site since its discovery in 1948 has been the exceptional preservation of its organic remains. Disturbingly, recent excavations have suggested that the geochemistry of the site is no longer conducive to such remarkable survival of organic archaeological and environmental materials. Microcosm (laboratory-based) burial experiments have been undertaken, alongside analysis of artifacts excavated from the site, to assess the effect of these geochemical changes on the remaining archaeological material. By applying a suite of macroscopic and molecular analyses, we demonstrate that the geochemical changes at Star Carr are contributing to the inexorable and rapid loss of valuable archaeological and paleoenvironmental information. Our findings have global implications for other wetland sites, particularly archaeological sites preserved in situ.

scholarly journals Wild Resources in the Economy of Bronze and Early Iron Ages Between Oder and Bug Rivers – Source Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-210
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ślusarska
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Wild Resources ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The archaeological discussion still appears to largely disregard the role of natural resources in the early agricultural economy of Central Europe. Cereal cultivation and animal husbandry strategies remain a central area of studies. Wild resources are the only proxy data helping to reconstruct the strategies mentioned above. The data for the assessment of the wild resource role in consumption strategies are scarce. Plant and animal remains preserved within the archaeological sites represent one of the very few sources of information. The dominant funeral rite – cremation – leaves no opportunity for insight into the human bones’ diet composition signatures. This study’s primary goal is to gather in one place all information concerning wild resource food use based on archaeological data, which is scattered through various publications. The study’s time scope corresponds to Lusatian, post-Lusatian (Pomeranian Face Urn Culture), and contemporary cultures (Western Baltic Kurgans Culture). It covers roughly the time span 1400–400 BC, which is the late Bronze and early Iron Ages. Only data from a homogenous settlement context was included within the presented review. Although the reviewed literature methodology does not always meet the modern standard, it still offers insight into broader plant and animal food use in the past. The animal bone analysis is usually based on hand-collected bone material or sifted soil samples. Malacological materials come from sampled features. Some clam mussels were also identified among the bone materials submitted for zooarchaeological analysis. All plant materials come from sampled features undergoing soil analysis.

scholarly journals FEED PRODUCTION IN THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE: STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-20
Author(s):  
Anatoly Shpakov ◽  
Anel Kutuzova ◽  
Dalhat Teberdiev ◽  
Valentina Volovik
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Zone State

The Non-Chernozem zone of Russia in terms of soil and climatic conditions and plant resources is the main region of specialization of commodity production of dairy and meat products of animal husbandry. The intensity and economic efficiency of the industry are closely related to the volume of production and quality of feed. The article analyzes the current state, substantiates the main parameters of feed production and measures for the development of promising feed production systems that ensure food security in the region. Soil and climate resources, scientific and practical experience allows us to produce basic types of food in the Non-Chernozem zone in full from the need. For the production of dairy and meat products of cattle, it will be necessary to produce about 77 million tons of feed units, including 40 million tons of bulk and 37 million tons of concentrated. To produce this amount of feed, it will be necessary to increase the sown area of forage crops to 11 million hectares, and increase their productivity to 2.5 t/ha of feed units. The most important factor in increasing the production of bulky feed is natural forage lands, cultural hayfields and pastures, which allow the use of feed at the lowest cost of material and technical resources and produce environmentally safe products.

scholarly journals Productivity and Adaptive Properties of Spring Triticale in the Non-Chernozem Zone (Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
A. Tyslenko ◽  
D. Zuev ◽  
S. Skatova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Parental Form ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Vladimir Region ◽  
Grain Crop

Spring triticale is a new grain crop created by the artificial crossing of winter rye with wheat. By productivity, biochemical qualities of grain, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses exceed the initial parental form. In this regard, it is in great demand in animal husbandry non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to identify the spring triticale varieties adapted to the climatic conditions of the Vladimir region. Evaluation of the breeding material was carried out according to the Methodology of state variety testing of agricultural crops. As a result of a four-year study of 14 zoned recognized varieties and promising numbers, it has been established that the formation of their yields occurs mainly due to the number of productive haulm stands, grains and productivity of the ear, with a thousand–kernel weight. The yield of feed grain varied from 2.30 t/ha to 6.16 t/ha, depending on the climatic conditions of the year. A high correlation was established between the yield and the structural elements of the ear — the number of grains in the ear (+0.60±0.12), the mass of grain from the ear (+ 0.56±10); medium — with a mass of 1000 grains (+0.46±16). Short-growing varieties Amore, Dorofeya and Amigo showed a maximum yield index of 43 — 46.1%. Varieties of spring triticale Norman, Dobroe, Dorofeya and promising numbers no. 35, T-396 was the most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the zone and are recommended for cultivation in agricultural production.

scholarly journals Natural variation in autumn FLC levels, rather than epigenetic silencing, aligns vernalization to different climates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Hepworth ◽  
Rea L Antoniou-Kourounioti ◽  
Kristina Berggren ◽  
Catja Selga ◽  
Eleri Tudor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Epigenetic Silencing ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Natural Variants ◽  
Floral Repressor ◽  
Natural Temperature ◽  
Long Timescales ◽  
Different Climates

AbstractPlants monitor temperatures over long timescales to assess seasons and time developmental transitions. In Arabidopsis thaliana, winter is registered during vernalization through the temperature-dependent repression and epigenetic silencing of floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Natural Arabidopsis accessions show considerable variation in vernalization, however which aspect of the FLC repression mechanism is most important for adaptation to different climates is not clear. By analyzing FLC silencing in natural variants throughout winter in three field sites, we find that FLC starting levels and early phases of silencing are the major variables underlying vernalization response, rather than establishment of epigenetic silencing. This results in an intricate interplay between promotion and delay of flowering to balance survival, and through a post-vernalization effect of FLC, reproductive effort via branch production. These data reveal how non-coding FLC variation aligns vernalization response to different climatic conditions and year-on-year fluctuations in natural temperature profiles.Impact StatementAlleles of the major floral repressor vary in their initial expression to underpin the ability of Arabidopsis to survive year-on-year climatic fluctuations.

scholarly journals THE ARCHAIC ELEMENTS OF THE KYRGYZ NATIONAL GAMES

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Türkmen
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Horse Riding ◽  
Traditional Sports ◽  
Nomadic People ◽  
Kyrgyz Population

Physical culture and sport as a product of certain historical conditions for the development of society, it is the sum of the historical results of human spiritual activity. In this study, is presented one of the oldest Turkish peoples and the background of the traditional sports of the Kyrgyz with a long history. Steppe is compatible with nomadic lifestyle, national will and according to qualifications horse riding, were many sports, including shooting and wrestling. Purpose of the research: natural conditions that reveal traditional sports, the factors that determine the practical character of sports, what are the pedagogical and socio-cultural benefits of the Kyrgyz people? Method of research; it is possible to examine with a few methods, but it is preferred to use the historical method. The limitation of the study: present Kyrgyzstan and their historical geographies. As a result, Kyrgyz, which is understood to be both intellectual and moral as well as physical, has taken part in all stages of traditional sports, social structure and life. There have been some add-ons and outputs according to the changes and developments of the era. The economic life is based on animal husbandry and becoming nomadic people, they live in steep natural conditions and climatic conditions, very frequent battles in the old world, etc., it has determined the style and demand of these sports. In practice, the Kyrgyz population have overcome all these difficulties and became strong military people. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0783/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document