scholarly journals Extensive Dissemination of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Dutch Nursing Home

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Willemsen ◽  
Jolande Nelson ◽  
Yvonne Hendriks ◽  
Ans Mulders ◽  
Sandrien Verhoeff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Southern Netherlands

OBJECTIVERisk factors for rectal carriage of ESBL-E and transmission were investigated in an outbreak of extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E).DESIGNRectal carriage of ESBL-E was determined in a cross-sectional survey by culture of perianal swabs or fecal samples. Both phenotypical and genotypical methods were used to detect the production of ESBL. Nosocomial transmission was defined as the presence of genotypically related strains in ≥2 residents within the NH. Patient characteristics and variables in infection control practices were registered to investigate risk factors for transmission.SETTINGA nursing home (NH) in the southern Netherlands.PARTICIPANTSOf 189 residents, 160 residents (84.7%) were screened for ESBL-E carriage. Of these 160 residents, 33 (20.6%) were ESBL-E positive. ESBL carriage rates varied substantially between wards (range, 0–47%). Four different ESBL-E clusters were observed. AblaCTX-M1-15positiveE. coliST131 constituted the largest cluster (n=21) and was found in multiple wards (n=7).RESULTSOur investigation revealed extensive clonal dissemination ofblaCTX-M1-15-positiveE. coliST131 in a nursing home. Unexplained differences in ESBL prevalence were detected among the wards.CONCLUSIONSAs NHs constitute potential sources of multidrug-resistant bacteria, it is important to gain a better understanding of the risks factors and routes of transmission of ESBL-E.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–7

scholarly journals Independent Behavior of Commensal Flora for Carriage of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Bacteria in Patients at Admission

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 5193-5200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoire de Lastours ◽  
Françoise Chau ◽  
Florence Tubach ◽  
Blandine Pasquet ◽  
Etienne Ruppé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Commensal Flora ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT The important role of commensal flora as a natural reservoir of bacterial resistance is now well established. However, whether the behavior of each commensal flora is similar to that of other floras in terms of rates of carriage and risk factors for bacterial resistance is unknown. During a 6-month period, we prospectively investigated colonization with fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria in the three main commensal floras from hospitalized patients at admission, targeting Escherichia coli in the fecal flora, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) in the nasal flora, and α-hemolytic streptococci in the pharyngeal flora. Resistant strains were detected on quinolone-containing selective agar. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected. A total of 555 patients were included. Carriage rates of resistance were 8.0% in E. coli, 30.3% in CNS for ciprofloxacin, and 27.2% in streptococci for levofloxacin; 56% of the patients carried resistance in at least one flora but only 0.9% simultaneously in all floras, which is no more than random. Risk factors associated with the carriage of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains differed between fecal E. coli (i.e., colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria) and nasal CNS (i.e., age, coming from a health care facility, and previous antibiotic treatment with a fluoroquinolone) while no risk factors were identified for pharyngeal streptococci. Despite high rates of colonization with fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria, each commensal flora behaved independently since simultaneous carriage of resistance in the three distinct floras was uncommon, and risk factors differed. Consequences of environmental selective pressures vary in each commensal flora according to its local specificities (clinical trial NCT00520715 [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00520715 ]).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in E. coli of Rats in the Region North East of Gabon

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Richard Onanga ◽  
Pierre Philippe Mbehang Nguema ◽  
Guy Roger Ndong Atome ◽  
Arsène Mabika Mabika ◽  
Berthelemy Ngoubangoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
North East ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Animal Feces

Antibiotic resistance occurs in the environment by multiplication and the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria that would be due to an improper and incorrect use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of E.coli producing Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase (ESBL) antibiotics from rats and gregarious animals in a semirural area of Gabon and to evaluate the origin of a resistance distribution in the environment from animal feces. The bacterial culture was carried out, and the identification of E. coli strains on a specific medium and the antibiotic susceptibility tests allowed establishing the prevalence. Characterization of resistance genes was performed by gene amplification after DNA extraction. On 161 feces collected in rats, 32 strains were isolated, and 11 strains of E. coli produced ESBL with a prevalence of 34.37%. Molecular tests showed that CTX-M genes 214 bp were identified in rats. The presence of CTX-M genes could have a human origin. So, the rats can carry ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae which poses a risk to human health and pets in this region of Gabon.

scholarly journals Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of the Isolates from Stethoscope, Thermometer, and Inanimate Surfaces of Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teshale Worku ◽  
Dejene Derseh ◽  
Abera Kumalo
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
E Coli

Background. Nosocomial infections occur among patients during their stay in hospitals. The severity of infection depends on the characteristics of microorganisms with a high risk of being acquired when the environment is contaminated. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are emerging rapidly around the globe creating a serious threat. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016–February 2017 at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Samples were collected from the equipment and hospital surfaces. The isolated bacteria were checked for susceptibility by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method following the standards of CLSI 2014. Health professionals and sanitary team members were included in the study which assessed the disinfection practice of objects from which samples were taken. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results. A total of 201 swab samples were taken, and most bacteria were recovered from thermometer and floor consisting of 21.6% S. aureus, 19.3% CoNS, 15.9% E. coli, 14.8% Klebsiella species, 11.4% P. aeruginosa, 10.2% Proteus species, and 6.8% Serratia species. The most multidrug resistant organisms were S. aureus (79%), Klebsiella species (53.8%), CoNS (47%), and Proteus species (44.4%). Only 6.45% of health professionals disinfect their stethoscope consistently. Conclusion. S. aureus, CoNS, and E. coli were the predominant isolates. Most isolates showed highest susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and least to ampicillin and penicillin. There is no regular sanitation and disinfection of hospital equipment and surfaces.

scholarly journals Evolving beta-lactamase epidemiology in Enterobacteriaceae from Italian nationwide surveillance, October 2013: KPC-carbapenemase spreading among outpatients

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Giani ◽  
Alberto Antonelli ◽  
Mariasofia Caltagirone ◽  
Carola Mauri ◽  
Jessica Nicchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Nationwide Surveillance ◽  
Group 1

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC-type beta-lactamases (ACBLs) and carbapenemases are among the most important resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae. This study investigated the presence of these resistance mechanisms in consecutive non-replicate isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 2,352), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 697), and Proteus mirabilis (n = 275) from an Italian nationwide cross-sectional survey carried out in October 2013. Overall, 15.3% of isolates were non-susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins but susceptible to carbapenems (ESCR-carbaS), while 4.3% were also non-susceptible to carbapenems (ESCR-carbaR). ESCR-carbaS isolates were contributed by all three species, with higher proportions among isolates from inpatients (20.3%) but remarkable proportions also among those from outpatients (11.1%). Most ESCR-carbaS isolates were ESBL-positive (90.5%), and most of them were contributed by E. coli carrying bla CTX-M group 1 genes. Acquired ACBLs were less common and mostly detected in P. mirabilis. ESCR-carbaR isolates were mostly contributed by K. pneumoniae (25.1% and 7.7% among K. pneumoniae isolates from inpatients and outpatients, respectively), with bla KPC as the most common carbapenemase gene. Results showed an increasing trend for both ESBL and carbapenemase producers in comparison with previous Italian surveys, also among outpatients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC β-lactamase and metallo β-lactamase mediated resistance in Escherichia coli from diagnostic and tertiary healthcare centers in south Bangalore, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rituparna Tewari ◽  
Susweta D. Mitra ◽  
Feroze Ganaie ◽  
Nimita Venugopal ◽  
Sangita Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Microbiological Techniques

Background: The increasing reports on multidrug resistant Escherichia coli has become a potential threat to global health. Here, we present a cross-sectional study to characterize extended spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC β-lactamase and metallo β-lactamase producing E. coli isolated from different human clinical samples.Methods: A total of 300 clinical Gram negative bacterial isolates were collected and re-characterized for the identification of E. coli following standard microbiological techniques. The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates was initially screened by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and MIC methods. The resistant isolates were confirmed to be ESBL, AmpC and MBL producers by their respective phenotypic confirmatory tests of combined disc method.Results: We identified 203 (68%) E. coli and 97 (32%) Non-E. coli isolates. The highest recovery of E. coli was from urine samples 72 (35%). Combined disc method using ceftazidime/ceftazidime+clavulanic acid and cefotaxime/cefotaxime+clavulanic acid confirmed 156 (79%) and 144 (73%) E. coli as ESBL producers, respectively. Thirty-four (34%) and 16 (27%) resistant E. coli isolates were confirmed to be AmpC and MBL producers, likewise.Conclusions: Increased prevalence of ESBL, AmpC and MBL producing E. coli were observed. Beta-lactamase mediated resistance appears to be prime mechanism in the multidrug resistant E. coli. Thus, early detection of beta lactamase producing E. coli is necessary to avoid treatment failure and prevent the spread of MDR.

scholarly journals Risk factors for fecal carriage of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in a college community: a penalized regression model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Hu ◽  
Julia Rubin ◽  
Kaitlyn Mussio ◽  
Lee W. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Penalized Regression ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
College Community ◽  
Fecal Carriage

AbstractBackgroundBacterial antimicrobial resistance is a serious global public health threat. Intestinal commensal drug-resistant bacteria have been suggested as an important reservoir of antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs), which may be acquired via food. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with fecal carriage of drug-resistant commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli) among healthy adults focused on their dietary habit.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study targeting healthy adult volunteers in a college community. Fecal samples and questionnaires were obtained from 113 volunteers. We conducted backward elimination logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection (LASSO) methods to identify risk factors.ResultsWe analyzed responses from 81 of 113 volunteers who completed the questionnaire. The logistic regression and LASSO methods identified red meat consumption to be associated with increased risk (OR = 6.13 [1.83-24.2] and 1.82, respectively) and fish consumption with reduced risk (OR = 0.27 [0.08-0.85] and 0.82) for the carriage of multidrug-resistant E. coli, adjusted for gender, employment status, frequently-used supermarket, and previous travel.ConclusionsDietary habits are associated with the risk of fecal carriage of multidrug-resistant E. coli. This study supports the growing evidence that food may be an important source of ARGs present in human commensal E. coli.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests of E. Coli and Salmonella from Diarrheic Calves in and Around Sebeta Town

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olana Merera ◽  
Atnafu Regassa ◽  
Fikru Gizaw ◽  
Biyansa Adugna ◽  
Shubisa Abera
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Semiautomatic Machine ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrheic Calves

Abstract Background Calves are important assets for replacement of cows for the future dairy and beef herd sustainability. However, calf hood diseases have a significant financial impact on dairies resulting from treatment costs, genetic loss, and impaired future performance. Objective The purpose of the present research is for isolation and identification of Salmonella and E. coli infection in diarrheic calves, assessing risk factors for occurrence of calf diarrhea and examining antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated bacteria’s. Methodology: A cross- sectional study on the isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli and Salmonella was carried out on calves up to two months of age from November, 2018 to March, 2019 in and around Sebeta town, Ethiopia. The detection of E. coli and Salmonella was done by conventional bacteriological method and biolog (semiautomatic machine). The data was analyzed by Stata 12. Results It was found that the detection rate of E. coli and Salmonella from 129 sampled diarrheic calves were 65 (50.3%) and 8 (6.2%) respectively. Age (E. coli, X2 = 9.429, P = 0.024; Salmonella, X2 = 8.161, P = 0.043), sex (E. coli, X2 = 11.225, P = 0.001, though not significant for Salmonella) and feeding time of colostrum (X2 = 7.510, P = 0.023; Salmonella, X2 = 6.678, P = 0.036) were risk factors associated with the incidence of E. coli and Salmonella. The antimicrobial study revealed that most of the E. coli was highly susceptible to sulphamethoxazole˖trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and ampicillin and highly resistant to tetracycline (29.23%) and followed by polymixin B (6.1%), and from isolates of Salmonella all showed 100% susceptibility for sulphamethoxazole˖trimethoprim and polymixin B, 87% to Ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline while 75% to gentamicin. Conclusion Based on those findings, it can be concluded that calf diarrhea was found to be high and could affect dairy production in the study area. The triggering ecological, social and bacterial genetic factors for the widespread distribution of multidrug resistant Salmonella and E.coli are not known, thus requires comprehensive study.

scholarly journals Houseflies (Musca domestica) as Vectors for Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli on Spanish Broiler Farms

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 3604-3611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Solà-Ginés ◽  
Juan José González-López ◽  
Karla Cameron-Veas ◽  
Nuria Piedra-Carrasco ◽  
Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACTFlies may act as potential vectors for the spread of resistant bacteria to different environments. This study was intended to evaluate the presence ofEscherichia colistrains resistant to cephalosporins in flies captured in the areas surrounding five broiler farms. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the resistant population was performed by different methods: MIC determination, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and phylotyping. The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, their plasmid location, and the mobile genetic elements involved in their mobilization were studied. Additionally, the presence of 35 genes associated with virulence was evaluated. Out of 682 flies captured, 42 yielded ESBL-producingE. coli. Of these isolates, 23 containedblaCTX-M-1, 18 containedblaCTX-M-14, and 1 containedblaCTX-M-9. ESBL genes were associated mainly with the presence of the IncI1 and IncFIB replicons. Additionally, all the strains were multiresistant, and five of them also harboredqnrS. Identical PFGE profiles were found forE. coliisolates obtained from flies at different sampling times, indicating a persistence of the same clones in the farm environment over months. According to their virulence genes, 81% of the isolates were considered avian-pathogenicE. coli(APEC) and 29% were considered extraintestinal pathogenicE. coli(ExPEC). The entrance of flies into broiler houses constitutes a considerable risk for colonization of broilers with multidrug-resistantE. coli. ESBLs in flies reflect the contamination status of the farm environment. Additionally, this study demonstrates the potential contribution of flies to the dissemination of virulence and resistance genes into different ecological niches.

scholarly journals Risk factor analysis, antimicrobial resistance and pathotyping ofEscherichia coliassociated with pre- and post-weaning piglet diarrhoea in organised farms, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. R. VinodhKumar ◽  
B. R. Singh ◽  
D. K. Sinha ◽  
B. S. Pruthvishree ◽  
Shika Tamta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
North East ◽  
Mar Index

AbstractA cross-sectional study was conducted from 2014 to 2017 in 13 organised pig farms located in eight states of India (Northern, North-Eastern and Southern regions) to identify the risk factors, pathotype and antimicrobial resistance ofEscherichia coliassociated with pre- and post-weaning piglet diarrhoea. The data collected through questionnaire survey were used to identify the risk factors by univariable analysis, in which weaning status, season, altitude, ventilation in the shed, use of heater/cooler for temperature control in the sheds, feed type, water source, and use of disinfectant, were the potential risk factors. In logistic regression model, weaning and source of water were the significant risk factors. The piglet diarrhoea prevalence was almost similar across the regions. Of the 909 faecal samples collected (North – 310, North-East – 194 and South – 405) for isolation ofE. coli, pathotyping and antibiotic screening, 531E. coliwere isolated in MacConkey agar added with cefotaxime, where 345 isolates were extended spectrumβ-lactamase (ESBL) producers and were positive forblaCTX-M-1 (n= 147),blaTEM (n= 151),qnrA (n= 98),qnrB (n= 116),qnrS (n= 53),tetA (n= 46),tetB (n= 48) andsul1 (n= 54) genes. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index revealed that 14 (2.64%) isolates had MAR index of 1. On the virulence screening ofE. coli, 174 isolates harboured alone or combination ofStx1,Stx2,eaeA,hlyA genes. The isolates from diarrhoeic and post-weaning samples harboured higher number of virulence genes than non-diarrhoeic and pre-weaning. Alleviating the risk factors might reduce the piglet diarrhoea cases. The presence of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing pathogenicE. coliin piglets appears a public health concern.

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