The performance of crossbred dairy calves given different levels of whole milk and weaned at different ages

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Khalili ◽  
S. Crosse ◽  
T. Varvikko

AbstractForty-five Friesian × zebu crossbred calves (4 days old) were used to evaluate the effect of feeding different levels of whole milk and weaning at different ages. A total of 252 I whole milk offered over 12 weeks was compared with a feeding level of 134 I milk offered over 8 weeks. Water given ad libitum was also compared with allowing access to water once daily. The calves were penned and fed individually. The average daily gain of the calves weaned at 12 weeks was 464 g compared with 378 g for the calves weaned at 8 weeks of age and allowed access to water once daily and 422 g for the calves weaned at 8 weeks and given water a d libitum. Feeding extra milk and weaning at 12 weeks decreased the intake of concentrates and significantly (P < 0·05) increased live-weight gain. Allowing ad libitum access to water was associated with an increase in concentrate intake but this was not reflected in a significant increase in animal performance.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-593
Author(s):  
C.M. Sat ◽  
◽  
E.S. Oorzhak ◽  
C.K. Oorzhak ◽  
G.L. Oyun ◽  
...  

Numerous studies have shown that animals with the same genetic potential can differ in productiveness. In this regard, specialists in this industry, when predicting the milk productivity of adult animals in the process of raising young cattle, divide rearing into separate periods. In order to study the conditions for growing dairy calves, a comparative analysis of the conditions for keeping and feeding calves in two farms of the Republic of Tyva was carried out. The conditions of growing calves in the dairy period in the conditions of different farms with the same breed composition of cattle were studied. A comparative analysis of the influence of the composition and level of the diet on the growth of young animals is given. Calves of both groups by birth weight at birth did not have significant differences: they were 0.05-0.07 kg. In dairy farms MUP “KaaKhemsky” and “OOO Turanskoye” young cattle from birth to 6 months are kept in separate rooms. There are no significant differences in the calf feeding schedule. In the Municipal Unitary Enterprise “Kaa-Khemsky” feeding with haylage of young animals is introduced from two months of age; at the farm of “OOO Turanskoye” silage has been given to calves from 4 months. However, from 4 months to six months of age, they showed a significant difference in the increase in live weight. At 4 months, the difference averaged 4.27 kg, at 5 and 6 months – 6.39 and 8.59 kg, respectively. As a result of the studies, it was concluded that a decrease in the drinking of whole milk and the introduction of a substitute at its early, three-month-old age, which are compensated by a large intake of hay, feed and silage, do not provide a high average daily gain in live weight of the growing organism of young cattle.


2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Tianyu Chen ◽  
Jiaqi Li ◽  
Wenli Guo ◽  
Rong Peng ◽  
...  

Abstract Few data are available on the descriptive characteristics of colostrum quality, passive transfer status and growth performance within a national population in China. This study included 110 dairy operations in 23 provinces, and data were obtained from management software, report system and questionnaires from 2015 to 2019. Data were analyzed using SAS (version 9.0, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The results showed that colostrum quality was measured in 96.4% of farms and colostrum was pasteurized in 91.8% of farms. 83.6% of colostrum was excellent (Brix &gt; 22%). Colostrum could be fed to calves within 1 hour after birth in 86.4% of farms. Besides, calves that experienced failure of passive transfer (serum total protein &lt; 5.2 g/dl) decreased from 2015 to 2019 and accounted for 0.75% of calves in 2019. Most farms (48.8%) feed 400 kg - 600 kg milk during the preweaning period and whole milk was the main type of liquid diet accounting for 70.6% of farms. Meanwhile, 22.0% of farms chose to feed forage before weaning, and 90.1% of these farms fed oat hay. The average birth weight of calves was 37.8 kg and the average daily gain of preweaning calves was 848.3 g/d. For preweaning calves, the proportion of single housing was more than 60%, whereas postweaning calves were mainly raised in groups. The morbidity of preweaning calves in China decreased annually, from 43.3% in 2015 to 25.4% in 2019. Digestive diseases and respiratory diseases were two main diseases, and accounted for 46.0% and 38.4%, respectively. This study provides an overview on dairy calves raising practices in China.


Author(s):  
M. Sychov ◽  
H. Pryumak

The effect of using different levels guanidinoacetic acid in compound feeds on the growth of young quails meat direction of productivity. It is proved that adding to the basic diet of different levels guanidinoacetic acid (0.06, 0.12, 0.18 %) increases live weight of quails on 3.9 – 13.5 g and improves the absolute, average daily and relative gains compared to a bird in the control group, which were fed the main diet. The data show that at the age of 42 days of live weight was the highest in the diet of quail which was administered 0.12% GAA and dominant control of 13.5 g However, in 21 days live weight of quail fed 0.06 and 0.12 % guanidinoacetic acid was greater than control respectively 9.2 and 7.6 grams (P < 0.01). In absolute increments quail, fed GAA prevailed bird control group. The largest absolute increase was in birds that consumed the main diet of GAA level of 0.12% and prevailed controls 6.5 g (P < 0.001). A similar situation was of average daily gain. Young animals that received feed containing 0.12% guanidinoacetic acid had the highest average growth, which exceeded 0.9 g (15.5%) bird control group. As for the relative performance increases here were different. The lowest relative growth observed in birds which were administered GAA 0.06%, it lagged behind the controls 0.1 g in the same period quail treated with 0.12 and 0, 18% guanidinoacetic acid superior control respectively 2 and 1.1 g.


PIG-BREEDING ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
CHUS R.V. ◽  
◽  
GAPONENKO V.N. ◽  
KRYUCHIN D.V. ◽  
KOSCHAEV A.G. ◽  
...  

The effectiveness of using the CulinaCup system for feeding suckling piglets with a substitute for whole milk has been studied. The use of automated feeding equipment for whole milk replacer made it possible to increase the safety of piglets during the suckling period by 2.1%, live weight at weaning by 9.2%, average daily gain by 12.1%, increase the number of weaners per sow by 3.7 heads and reduce the duration of the idle period by 0.8 days.


2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Ibatullin ◽  
A. M. Omelian ◽  
M. Yu. Sychov

<p>The productivity of young meat quails was estimated at use of feed with different levels of arginine. Experimental studies were conducted in course of Problem Research Laboratory of feed additives of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Pharaoh quails were used for scientific experiment that was carried out by method of analog groups. Arginine level contamination in the diets of experimental groups was regulated by the introduction of feed synthetic analogs of amino acid. Part of arginine in mixed fodder of poultry control group was 1.57 % in the fodder of quails of 2-nd, 3-rd, 4-th and 5-th research groups and that were 1.39, 1.48, 1.66, 1.75 % respectively. The feeding of the was done by group and feed was distributed twice – in morning and evening. Ii was proved that the feeding of quails by mix fodder with arginine content of 1.66% contributes to increment of the live weight by 2.6 % on average, daily gain - by 2.7 %, the weight before slaughter by 3 % and reduce the cost of feed per 1 kg of growth by 1.5 %. This could contribute to the further research of arginine-lysine optimal ratio in mixed fodder for quails and their impact on zootechnical indices.</p>


Author(s):  
Н.В. СИВКИН ◽  
П.Ж. САЛУНБЕК ◽  
Н.И. СТРЕКОЗОВ

Изучена эффективность выращивания телок молочных пород при различных технологиях. В качестве объекта исследований выступали 14 племенных хозяйств Центрального Федерального округа, разводящих высококровную по голштинам черно-пеструю и голштинскую породы крупного рогатого скота при использовании разных способов содержания и технологических схем выращивания телок до 6-месячного возраста. Содержание молодняка молочного периода на открытом воздухе, относительно помещений, способствует увеличению его сохранности до 12 мес. на 5,2%, а также более высокой энергии прироста и соответственно живой массы как в первый и шестой (на 11,8 кг и 38,1 кг, или 26,6% и 26,0%, Р≤0,01—0,001), так и десятый и двенадцатый месяцы жизни (на 46,1 кг и 52,3 кг, или 19,5% и 18,6%; Р≤0,05). В онтогенезе условия содержания и кормления телят раннего возраста оказывают наиболее существенное влияние на формирование продуктивных качеств скота. Так, в первые 2 мес жизни телки, когда основными кормами являлись цельное молоко и концентраты, коэффициент корреляции между среднесуточным приростом и надоем молока был наиболее высоким, достигая значений: r=0,34—0,42; с содержанием жира и белка на порядок ниже — r=0,19—0,22 и r=0,11—0,13 соответственно. В последующих возрастных периодах выращивания телок, с 4- до 10—12-месячного возраста корреляционная зависимость между этими признаками снижалась до минимальных значений. Studies have been carried out to evaluate the efficiency of raising dairy heifer breeding using various technologies. The object of research were 14 breeding farms of the Central Federal District, breeding high-blooded Black-and-White and Holstein cattle breeds using different methods of housing and technological schemes for raising heifers up to 6 months of age. Housing young calves outdoors compared to building increases their survival rate up to 12 months by 5.2% and increased energy gain and live weight respectively in both the first and sixth months (by 11.8 kg and 38.1 kg, or 26.6% and 26.0%; P≤0.01-0.001) and the tenth and twelfth months (by 46.1 kg and 52.3 kg, or 19.5% and 18.6%; P≤0.05). During ontogeny, the conditions of housing and feeding of young calves have the most significant influence on the formation of productive qualities of livestock. Thus, in the first 2 months of the heifer's life, when the basic fodder was whole milk and concentrates, the correlation coefficient between an average daily gain in body weight and milk production was the highest, reaching the values: r=0.34-—0.42; with fat and protein content an order of magnitude lower - r=0.19-—0.22 and r=0.11—0.13, respectively. During the following age periods of heifer rearing, from 4 to 10—12 months of age, the correlation relationship between these traits decreased to minimum value.


1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Levy ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
Y. Folman

SummaryThe effects of two levels of energy intake, ad libitum and 80% of ad libitum, of diethylstilboestrol implantation and no such treatment, and of two slaughter weights (‘450’ and ‘490’ kg), on the performance of Israeli-Friesian intact male cattle were studied.Average daily gain was 1130 g and 959 g and daily carcass gain was 630 g and 553 g for animals on ad libitum and 80% of ad libitum energy intake, respectively. Average daily gain was 1038 g and 944 g and daily carcass gain was 595 g and 562 g, for diethylstilboestrol-treated and untreated animals, respectively. Slaughter weight had little effect on rate of gain.The differences in conversion ratio of ME into live weight between treatments were small. Diethylstilboestrol-treated animals were slightly more efficient.The non-implanted animals on the restricted plane of nutrition and which had been slaughtered at ‘490’ kg had a significantly higher dressing percentage, a higher percentage of fat trim and less bone than animals slaughtered at ‘450’ kg body weight on both levels of nutrition.Among the diethylstilboestrol-implanted male calves, however, the animals fed at 80% of ad libitum feed and killed at ‘450’ or ‘490’ kg live weight had significantly more fat trim in the carcass and less bone than the animals fed ad libitum.


2021 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
I.M. Grechkivsky ◽  
◽  
M.Ya. Kryvenok ◽  
V.M. Mykhalska ◽  
◽  
...  

It is established that the growth of young quails depends on the optimal glycine content in the feed. The article presents data on the use of compound feed with different levels of glycine in the feeding of young quails of meat productivity. The research was conducted in the vivarium of the Department of Animal Feeding and Feed Technology. PD Wheat on quail breed Pharaoh. 300 day-old quails were selected for the experiment and three groups were formed. The level of glycine in feed for experimental animals was regulated by the introduction into its composition of a synthetic preparation of this amino acid by weight dosing and stepwise mixing. It was found that the live weight of quails depended on the glycine content in their diet. Thus, from the age of 14 days, the quails of the second and third groups had a live weight higher by 1.2% and 1%, respectively, compared to the control. At 21 days of age, the live weight of quails of the second group, which was fed feed containing 1.50% glycine, was 0.9% higher than in the control group, and the third group, with the level of glycine 1.60% – 1% lower. When feeding quail feed with a content of 1.50% glycine, their live weight at 28 days of age was 1.5% (P<0.01) greater than the control, and the live weight of birds of the third group was 1.5% (P <0.01) less. At the age of 35 days, the quails of the second group had the largest live weight, which is 0.9% more than the birds of the control group. During the first week of life, quails of the second group had an average daily gain less than analogues from the control group by 1.9%; and a week later, this figure increased by 2.6% compared to control. The highest average daily gain for the entire period of the experiment was in poultry of the second group – 8.72 g, which is 0.9% higher than in the control. Thus, it was found that feeding quails compound feed with a glycine content of 1.50% contributes to an increase in their live weight by 0.94%, average daily gains – by 0.9%, and reducing feed costs per 1 kg of growth by 1.4%.


1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Giles ◽  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
E. Belinda Dettmann ◽  
R. F. Lowe

ABSTRACTThe responses of growing pigs to dietary lysine as influenced by sex (male and female) and cereal (barley and wheat) were investigated in an 8 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment involving 128 pigs. The basal barley-soya bean (13·4 MJ digestible energy (DE) per kg) and wheat-soya bean (14·1 MJ DE per kg) diets were offered ad libitum from 20 to 50 kg live weight. The eight dietary lysine concentrations were 70 to 140 g/kg in increments of 1·0 g/kg. The experiment was repeated with pigs given food according to a restricted scale. Performance in both experiments was assessed by multiple regression analysis based on data from successive 10-kg live-weight intervals. Analysis of variance was used to assess chemical carcass composition and retention of protein and fat after slaughter at 50 kg live weight.Average daily DE intake (MJ) of pigs fed ad libitum was not significantly different for barley-based (27·4) and wheat-based diets (29·1). For pigs fed on a restricted scale, average daily DE intake was 18 MJ for barley-based and 17·5 MJ for wheat-based diets. The daily energy retained in the empty carcass, expressed as a proportion of daily DE intake, was proportionately 0·08 less for barley-based than for wheat-based diets irrespective of whether food was offered ad libitum (0·347 v. 0·379) or restricted (0·311 v. 0·337).The average daily gain of females fed ad libitum was not affected by dietary lysine concentration. With males, the response of daily gain to lysine concentration was curvilinear, increasing to a maximum of 120 g dietary lysine per kg up to 40·3 kg and 7·0 g/kg at greater weights for both cereals. For pigs fed on a restricted scale the daily gain on barley diets increased linearly up to the maximum dietary lysine concentration (14 g/kg), while for those on wheat-based diets maximum daily gain occurred with a lysine concentration of 11·2 g/kg for males and 131 g/kg for females. Carcass P2 backfat (mean = 15·4 mm), carcass fat proportion (mean = 242 g/kg) and carcass protein retention (mean = 89 g/day) were not significantly affected by dietary lysine concentration from 7 to 14 g/kg when pigs were fed ad libitum. However, when pigs were fed at a restricted level carcass fatness decreased to a minimum at 12 g lysine per kg.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
C. U. OSUHOR ◽  
I. F. ADU ◽  
N. N. UMUNNA

In a study that lasted for 120 days, 20 weaned Yankasa ram lambs aged 6 months and weighing between 10.5 and 14.5kg with an average of 12.75kg were offered a basal Digitaria smutsii hay diet at 2% of body weight. This was supplemented with a concentrate mixture made to supply 14.6% crude protein and 2.6 Mcal ME per kg and offered to treatment groups A, B, C and D at 1, 2, 3, and 4% of body weight respectively. There were five replicates and the animals were fed individually. Results indicated that the differences in Average Daily Gain was significant (P<0.05) between all the treatments; the value increased with increased level of feeding. The cost of effecting one unit of live weight increase was not significantly different (P<0.05) between treatments, A, B, and C, but it was significantly lower (P<0.05) than for treatment D. The low growth response of lambs fed the concentrate at 1% of body weight and the higher cost per unit gain of lambs offered the supplement at 4% of body weight suggested that concentrate supplementation at 2 and 3% of body weight was adequate for optimum liveweight gains in the Yankasa sheep breed. 


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