A Japanese diet and 19-year mortality: National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-Communicable Diseases and its Trends in the Aged, 1980

Few studies have examined the association between Japanese diet and mortality outcomes. We analysed the relationship between a healthy Japanese diet and all-cause and cause-specific mortality using the database from the National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-Communicable Diseases and its Trends in the Aged, 1980. At baseline in 1980, data were collected on study participants aged ≧30 years from randomly selected areas in Japan. We defined a measure of a healthy reduced-salt Japanese diet based on seven components from FFQ. The total score ranged from 0 to 7, with 0 being least healthy and 7 being most healthy. Participants were divided into approximate tertiles of dietary scores (0–2, 3 and 4–7 scores). After excluding participants with co-morbidities, we followed 9086 participants (44 % men) for 19 years. There were 1823 all-cause and 654 cardiovascular deaths during the follow-up. With the dietary score group 0–2 serving as a reference, the Cox multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for groups with scores 3 and 4–7 were 0·92 (95 % CI 0·83, 1·04) and 0·78 (95 % CI 0·70, 0·88) for all-cause mortality (trend P < 0·0001), and 0·91 (95 % CI 0·75, 1·10) and 0·80 (95 % CI 0·66, 0·97) for cardiovascular mortality (trend P = 0·022). Adherence to a healthy reduced-salt Japanese diet was associated with an approximate 20 % lower rate of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

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Communicative health literacy in patients with non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Tropical Medicine and Health ◽

10.1186/s41182-021-00345-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Desalew Tilahun ◽

Abebe Abera ◽

Gugsa Nemera

Keyword(s):

Health Literacy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Source Population ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Health Literacy Level ◽

Literacy Level

Abstract Background Health literacy plays a prominent role in empowering individuals for prevention as well as management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, there is paucity of information on the health literacy of patients with non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess communicative health literacy and associated factors in patients with NCDs on follow-up at Jimma Medical Center (JMC), Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 4 May 2020 to 4 July 2020 with 408 randomly selected adult patients, attending outpatient department of JMC in Ethiopia. The final sample size was obtained by using single population proportion formula. All patients with NCDs who were on follow-up at chronic illness clinic, JMC, were used as a source population. All eligible patients with NCDs who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this study. A simple random sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. Data were collected through structured interviewer administered questionnaires on the six of nine health literacy domains using Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) containing 30 items, socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics, disease-related factors, and health information sources. Multivariable logistic regression was executed to determine the associations. Result Descriptive analysis shows more than half of the respondents in four of the six health literacy domains had high communicative health literacy level (CHLL). The proportion of people with high CHLL across each of the domains was as follows: health care provider support (56.1%), social support for health (53.7%), active engagement with a healthcare provider (56.1%), and navigating healthcare system (53.4%). We found educational status was significantly associated with five of six health literacy domains whereas number of sources was associated with four of six health literacy domains. Conclusion The overall findings of the current study indicate that health literacy levels vary according to socio-demographic and disease characteristics of patients. Thus, healthcare professionals should assess patients’ health literacy level and tailor information and support to the health literacy skills and personal context of their patients.

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Supper Timing and Cardiovascular Mortality: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103389 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3389

Author(s):

Jingyun Tang ◽

Jia-Yi Dong ◽

Ehab S. Eshak ◽

Renzhe Cui ◽

Kokoro Shirai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Stroke Mortality ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Study Participants

Evidence on the role of supper timing in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is limited. In this study, we examined the associations between supper timing and risks of mortality from stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), and total CVD. A total of 28,625 males and 43,213 females, aged 40 to 79 years, free from CVD and cancers at baseline were involved in this study. Participants were divided into three groups: the early supper group (before 8:00 p.m.), the irregular supper group (time irregular), and the late supper group (after 8:00 p.m.). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for stroke, CHD, and total CVD according to the supper time groups. During the 19-year follow-up, we identified 4706 deaths from total CVD. Compared with the early supper group, the multivariable HR of hemorrhagic stroke mortality for the irregular supper group was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.97). There was no significant association between supper timing and the risk of mortality from other types of stroke, CHD, and CVD. We found that adopting an irregular supper timing compared with having dinner before 8:00 p.m. was associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke mortality.

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Tea consumption and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: The China-PAR project

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2047487319894685 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (18) ◽

pp. 1956-1963 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xinyan Wang ◽

Fangchao Liu ◽

Jianxin Li ◽

Xueli Yang ◽

Jichun Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Tea Consumption ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Disease Mortality ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

Study Participants

Aims The role of tea consumption in the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains unclear in cohort studies. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the associations of tea consumption with the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Methods We included 100,902 general Chinese adults from the project of Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China (China-PAR) in 15 provinces across China since 1998. Information on tea consumption was collected through standardized questionnaires. Outcomes were identified by interviewing study participants or their proxies, and checking hospital records and/or death certificates. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals related to tea consumption. Results During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, 3683 atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events, 1477 atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease deaths, and 5479 all-cause deaths were recorded. Compared with never or non-habitual tea drinkers, the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval among habitual tea drinkers was 0.80 (0.75–0.87), 0.78 (0.69–0.88), and 0.85 (0.79–0.90) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease incidence, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease mortality, and all-cause mortality, respectively. Habitual tea drinkers had 1.41 years longer of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease-free years and 1.26 years longer of life expectancy at the index age of 50 years. The observed inverse associations were strengthened among participants who kept the habit during the follow-up period. Conclusion Tea consumption was associated with reduced risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, especially among those consistent habitual tea drinkers.

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Olfaction and incident Parkinson disease in US white and black older adults

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000004382 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 89 (14) ◽

pp. 1441-1447 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Honglei Chen ◽

Srishti Shrestha ◽

Xuemei Huang ◽

Samay Jain ◽

Xuguang Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Parkinson Disease ◽

Cox Models ◽

Body Composition Study ◽

Multiple Data ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Health Aging ◽

Study Participants ◽

Smell Identification

Objective:To investigate olfaction in relation to incident Parkinson disease (PD) in US white and black older adults.Methods:The study included 1,510 white (mean age 75.6 years) and 952 black (75.4 years) participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. We evaluated the olfaction of study participants with the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) in 1999–2000. We retrospectively adjudicated PD cases identified through August 31, 2012, using multiple data sources. We used multivariable Cox models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results:During an average of 9.8 years of follow-up, we identified a total of 42 incident PD cases, including 30 white and 12 black participants. Overall, poor sense of smell, as indicated by a lower BSIT score, was associated with higher risk of PD. Compared with the highest tertile of BSIT (t3), the HR was 1.3 (95% CI 0.5–3.6) for the second tertile (t2) and 4.8 (95% CI 2.0–11.2) for the lowest tertile (t1) (ptrend < 0.00001). Further analyses revealed significant associations for incident PD in both the first 5 years of follow-up (HRt1/[t2+t3] 4.2, 95% CI 1.7–10.8) and thereafter (HRt1/[t2+t3] 4.1, 95% CI 1.7–9.8). This association appeared to be stronger in white (HRt1/[t2+t3] 4.9, 95% CI 2.3–10.5) than in black participants (HRt1/[t2+t3] 2.5, 95% CI 0.8–8.1), and in men (HRt1/[t2+t3] 5.4, 95% CI 2.3–12.9) than in women (HRt1/[t2+t3] 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.8).Conclusions:Poor olfaction predicts PD in short and intermediate terms; the possibility of stronger associations among men and white participants warrants further investigation.

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Prevalence and pattern of non-communicable diseases among elderly in a sub-urban area of Delhi

Indian Journal of Community Health ◽

10.47203/ijch.2021.v33i01.010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 75-81

Author(s):

Tushar Prabhakar ◽

Manish Kumar Goel ◽

Anita Shankar Acharya ◽

Sanjeev Kumar Rasania

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Geriatric Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Obesity Hypertension ◽

Systemic Examination ◽

Study Participants

Background: With increasing proportion of geriatric population across societies, the occurrence and prevalence of non-communicable diseases has been steadily increasing as well. The study tries to showcase the pattern and proportion of NCDs among the elderly population in a sub-urban part of Delhi. Aim & Objective: To assess the prevalence and study the morbidity profile of NCDs among geriatric population of Delhi. Materials & Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done in 350 elderly participants in Mehrauli, Delhi. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Detailed general and systemic examination was also done. Results: A total of 87.4% of the study population was suffering from at least one NCD; 68% were having an already known NCD(s) while 19.4% were newly diagnosed during the study. 2.41 NCDs were found per patient. The prevalence of hypertension was 58%, 49.4% suffered from senile cataract, 32.9% had osteoarthritis, 30.3% had diabetes mellitus, and 26.9% had obesity. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus together were present in 18.3% while the combination of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity was seen in 9.4% of the study participants. Conclusion: Burden of NCDs among the elderly was notably high with a large proportion of them having multimorbidity. It gets important to focus on preventive measures to delay the onset and stem the progression of NCDs to facilitate healthy ageing.

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The outpatient medical care in patients with chronic diseases under dispensary supervision in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Temporary guidelines. Version 2

CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION ◽

10.15829/1728-8800-2021-3172 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 3172

Author(s):

O. M. Drapkina ◽

L. Y. Drozdova ◽

S. N. Avdeev ◽

S. A. Boytsov ◽

E. S. Ivanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Practitioners ◽

Primary Care Physicians ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Family Doctors ◽

National Medical ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Overall Mortality

Guidelines were approved at the meeting of the academic council of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow (Protocol No. 10 of 19.10.2021).The aim of these guidelines is to provide primary care physicians with scientifically based algorithms for the implementation of dispensary monitoring in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases in the conditions of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic, including the use of telemedicine technologies.The organization and conduct of high-quality medical follow-up are the most important tasks aimed at both reducing the risks of developing complications of chronic non-communicable diseases and reducing overall mortality, especially in the current conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The guidelines contain clinical aspects of dispensary follow-up, general principles of tactics for managing patients with various chronic non-communicable diseases in COVID-19 conditions, in addition, brief checklists with options for interviewing patients with various chronic non-communicable diseases are presented, topical aspects of the interaction of drugs used in the treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases with antiviral drugs are considered.The guidelines are intended for general practitioners, district therapists, general practitioners (family doctors), as well as doctors of other specialties providing primary health care.

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A study on physical activity in shift workers in an urban city of India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 4026

Author(s):

Shubhabrata Das ◽

Munmee Das ◽

Shomik Ray

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Shift Workers ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Urban City ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

Study Participants

Background: Physical inactivity has been identified as one of the leading risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Several studies have established the fact that shift working is associated with various non communicable diseases. Studies assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice towards physical activity amongst shift workers is almost non-existence even though it has been established that mediators like knowledge and attitude affect healthy behaviour and adoption of health improving behaviour. Thus this study aims to assess the knowledge-attitude-practice of physical activity among shift workers in Gurugram city which is the centre of various BPO/KPO companies in India.Methods: The present study is an organization based cross sectional study. Interviewer administered questionnaire were used to capture information on physical activity. Information on knowledge and attitude was collected using a piloted and pretested questionnaire. Practice of physical activity was collected using global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). Descriptive and linear regression analyses were performed using Ms-Excel and STATA (13).Results: Our study found that nearly fifty percent of the study participants were physically inactive and only 18% of the study participants knew recommended minimum weekly intensity of physical activity. Physical activity was found to be significantly associated with overall knowledge score (p<0.01).Conclusions: Knowledge regarding physical activity among the study participants was not adequate as reflected in their physical activity practice, hence knowledge and awareness towards physical activity should be enhanced to prevent non communicable diseases amongst the shift workers.

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Visual acuity and risk of overall, injury-related, and cardiovascular mortality: the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1093/eurjpc/zwab025 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

So Young Han ◽

Yoosoo Chang ◽

Hocheol Shin ◽

Chul Young Choi ◽

Seungho Ryu

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Cardiovascular Mortality ◽

Health Study ◽

Normal Vision ◽

Vital Status ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Aims The associations of visual impairment (VI) with cardio-metabolic risk factors have been reported but its association with cardiovascular mortality remains uncertain. Therefore, we evaluated the association of visual acuity (VA) with overall, injury-related, and cardiovascular mortality. Methods and results A cohort study was performed in 580 746 Korean adults (average age, 39.7 years) who were followed for a median of 8.1 years (maximum, 16 years). Presenting VA was measured by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart. Visual acuity in the better vision eye was categorized as normal vision (≥0.8), lowered vision (0.5–0.8), mild visual impairment (VI) (0.3–0.5), or moderate to severe VI (<0.3). Vital status and cause of death were ascertained through linkage to national death records. During 4 632 892.2 person-years of follow-up, 6585 overall deaths, 974 cardiovascular deaths, and 1163 injury-related deaths were identified. After adjustment for possible confounders, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall mortality among participants with lowered vision, minimal VI, and moderate to severe VI were 1.21 (1.13–1.29), 1.26 (1.15–1.37), and 1.54 (1.40–1.68), respectively, compared with those with normal vision. The corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for injury-related mortality were 1.12 (0.96–1.32), 0.98 (0.76–1.26), and 1.36 (1.04–1.79), respectively, and the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for cardiovascular mortality were 1.32 (1.12–1.57), 1.43 (1.15–1.77), and 2.41 (1.94–2.99). Conclusion In this large cohort of young and middle-aged individuals, VI was associated with increased risk of mortality especially due to cardiovascular disease.

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Abstract P107: Serum Urate Trajectories in Young Adulthood and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events By Middle Age; The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (cardia) Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nagisa Morikawa ◽

Michael P. Bancks ◽

Yuichiro Yano ◽

Masanori Kuwabara ◽

Angelo L. Gaffo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Young Adults ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Middle Age ◽

Serum Urate ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Study Participants ◽

Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction: Higher levels of serum urate (UA) obtained on a single occasion have been shown to be associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among middle-aged or older adults. However, little is known regarding UA trajectory patterns during young adulthood and their associations with CVD outcomes by middle age. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that higher UA trajectory is associated with a higher risk for CVD events compared to lower UA trajectories. Methods: We included data from 4845 CARDIA Study participants (mean age at the Year 20 exam 44.8±3.7 (37-55) years; 50.8% African American; 55.6% female). Sex-specific UA trajectories were assessed using group-based trajectory modeling (PROC TRAJ in SAS version 9.4) based on UA levels obtained at baseline (Year 0) and 10, 15, 20 years later. Covariates included age, sex, race, and clinical characteristics at Year 20 (body mass index, diabetes and creatinine). We estimated hazard ratios (HR) for CVD events (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) from Year 20 (2005-06) through 2017. Results: We identified 3 UA trajectories in men and 3 similar but lower UA trajectories in women, characterized by low-increasing (men: 30%; n=652, mean UA 5.1; women 43%, n=1191, mean UA 3.9), moderate-increasing (men: 52%; n=1290, mean UA 6.4; women 45%, n=1284, mean UA 5.0), and high-increasing UA (men: 17%; n=377, mean UA 8.0; women 12%, n=305, mean UA 6.4) (Figure 1). Sex-specific trajectories were pooled. Over a median follow-up of 10.9 years, 203 incident CVD events occurred. The adjusted HRs for CVD events were 0.98 (95%CI, 0.66-1.45) for the pooled moderate-increasing group and 1.77 (95%CI, 1.10-2.84) for the pooled high-increasing group compared to the pooled low-increasing group. Conclusions: High-increasing UA trajectory during young adulthood was associated with an greater risk of CVD events by middle age. Modeling UA trajectories may help identify young adults at higher risk for CVD events.

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Challenges to primary healthcare services in the management of non-communicable diseases in marginalised populations on the Thailand–Myanmar border: a pilot survey

Tropical Doctor ◽

10.1177/0049475518786853 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 273-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Makoto Saito ◽

Arunrot Keereevijit ◽

Thi Dar San ◽

Yin Yin Thein ◽

Mary Ellen Gilder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Healthcare ◽

Low Cost ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Retention Rates ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Pilot Survey ◽

Retrospective Audit ◽

Lost To Follow Up

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are emerging rapidly. This manuscript reports on a pilot survey of NCDs at a primary healthcare level in a marginalised migrant population on the Thailand–Myanmar border in the face of declining rates of malaria. A retrospective audit of routine clinic (2004–2016) and NCD patient survey data (2014–2016) was conducted. The length of follow-up was assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. From July 2014 to July 2016, 238 migrant patients were on the NCD register. Hypertension (n = 80) and diabetes mellitus (n = 51) were the most common diagnoses. After the first consultation, 41% (95% confidence interval = 35–47%) were lost to follow-up by 30 days. NCD retention rates were low: 50% of registered patients were lost to follow-up by 80 (95% CI = 49–132) days. After this survey, a novel low-cost insurance scheme for the migrant community has been launched in this area. Development of new schemes involving patients, healthcare providers and funding support are required for improved and sustainable NCD care for marginalised populations.

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