The metabolic regulation of fenofibrate is dependent on dietary protein content in male juveniles of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

AbstractThe fenofibrate functions in mammals could be affected by many factors such as dietary nutrient levels and physiological status. However, this phenomenon has not been well studied in fish. The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of dietary protein contents on metabolic regulation of fenofibrate in Nile tilapia. An 8-week experiment was conducted to feed fish with four diets at two protein levels (28 and 38 %) with or without the supplementation of fenofibrate (200 mg/kg body weight per d). After the trial, the body morphometric parameters, plasma biochemical parameters and quantitative PCR data were examined. These results showed that fenofibrate significantly reduced the feeding intake and weight gain rate, increased the oxidative stress (increased plasma methane dicarboxylic aldehyde) and liver : body ratio (increased hepatosomatic index) in the low protein (LP)-fed fish. In contrast, fenofibrate exhibited a lipid-lowering (reduced hepatic lipid) effect and up-regulated the expressions of the genes related to lipid catabolism, transport and anabolic metabolism in the high protein (HP)-fed fish. The present study suggested that lipid-lowering effect of fenofibrate would be strengthened in the fish fed with the HP diet containing high energy, but in the fish fed with the LP diet containing low energy, the fenofibrate treatment would cause adverse effects for metabolism. Taking together, our study showed that the metabolic regulation of fenofibrate in Nile tilapia was dependent not only on feed energy content but also on dietary nutrient composition, such as dietary protein and/or lipid levels.

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Usage of Moringa olifera seed cake as food for Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings.

Journal of The Faculty of Science and Technology ◽

10.52981/jfst.vi5.360 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 9-15

Author(s):

Abdel Raheam H. A. A. El-Bassir

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

The Body ◽

Seed Cake

The study was conducted to determine the suitability of Moringa olifera seed cake as a protein source for Oreochromis niloticus fry. It is concluded that Moringa olifera seed cake can be used as a dietary protein in Nile tilapia fry without significant reduction in growth performance. The body weight gain ranged from 50.91 to 85.17 gm within three weeks. Fry fed a mixture of Moringa olifera seed cake and wheat bran (1:1) had better growth performance than those on wheat bran only.

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Functional differences between l- and d-carnitine in metabolic regulation evaluated using a low-carnitine Nile tilapia model

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711451900148x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 122 (6) ◽

pp. 625-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jia-Min Li ◽

Ling-Yu Li ◽

Yu-Xue Zhang ◽

Zhe-Yue Jiang ◽

Samwel M. Limbu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nile Tilapia ◽

Metabolic Regulation ◽

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Lipid Deposition ◽

Nutrient Metabolism ◽

Synthesis Inhibitor ◽

Functional Differences ◽

Carnitine Concentration

Abstractl-Carnitine is essential for mitochondrial β-oxidation and has been used as a lipid-lowering feed additive in humans and farmed animals. d-Carnitine is an optical isomer of l-carnitine and dl-carnitine has been widely used in animal feeds. However, the functional differences between l- and d-carnitine are difficult to study because of the endogenous l-carnitine background. In the present study, we developed a low-carnitine Nile tilapia model by treating fish with a carnitine synthesis inhibitor, and used this model to investigate the functional differences between l- and d-carnitine in nutrient metabolism in fish. l- or d-carnitine (0·4 g/kg diet) was fed to the low-carnitine tilapia for 6 weeks. l-Carnitine feeding increased the acyl-carnitine concentration from 3522 to 10 822 ng/g and alleviated the lipid deposition from 15·89 to 11·97 % in the liver of low-carnitine tilapia. However, as compared with l-carnitine group, d-carnitine feeding reduced the acyl-carnitine concentration from 10 822 to 5482 ng/g, and increased lipid deposition from 11·97 to 20·21 % and the mRNA expression of the genes involved in β-oxidation and detoxification in the liver. d-Carnitine feeding also induced hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. A metabolomic investigation further showed that d-carnitine feeding increased glycolysis, protein metabolism and activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, l-carnitine can be physiologically utilised in fish, whereas d-carnitine is metabolised as a xenobiotic and induces lipotoxicity. d-Carnitine-fed fish demonstrates increases in peroxisomal β-oxidation, glycolysis and amino acid degradation to maintain energy homeostasis. Therefore, d-carnitine is not recommended for use in farmed animals.

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Relative growth in rabbits: the effects of genetic line, diet and gender

World Rabbit Science ◽

10.4995/wrs.2018.7435 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 201

Author(s):

Ana María Martínez-Bas ◽

Mathieu Kessler ◽

Eva Armero

Keyword(s):

Energy Content ◽

High Energy ◽

The Body ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Main Effect ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Retail Cuts ◽

And Gender ◽

Different Parts

The relative growth of different parts of the body and tissues was analysed using an allometric model. Animals were crossbred rabbits (males and females) from the mating of commercial lines HYLA-grand parental doe (HY-GPD) female with HYLA Coloured (HY-CO) or Grimaud (GR) males, both selected for the growth rate, or HY-GPD males, selected for weaning weight. They were fed on two different diet, mainly differing in their energy content, and the relative growth of the different parts of their body was assessed. The components with a nearly isometric growth pattern, which grew at the same mean rate as the rest of the body, were skin, chilled carcass and reference carcass; hind legs for retail cuts; and dorsal and carcass length for linear measurements. All allometric coefficients were calculated with respect to the slaughter weight, except percentage of hind leg inter-intramuscular fat (IIMF), which was calculated with respect to the weight of the hind leg. The components that showed early maturing were liver, kidneys, breast and rib viscera for offal and organs; head and breast and ribs for retail cuts; and bone and IIMF percentage of the hind leg. The components with late maturing were forelegs and loin for retail cuts, inguinal, scapular and perirenal fat, meat of the hind leg, and thigh and lumbar circumference length for carcass linear measurements. The GR line showed earlier growth for loin than the maternal HY-GPD line. In addition, the GR and HY-CO lines developed scapular and inguinal fat later than the HY-GPD line. For IIMF percentage, GR presented later growth than HY-CO and HY-GPD. The main effect of the diet was on liver development and on scapular fat: rabbits fed on the high-energy diet showed later liver and scapular fat growth.

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When to eat? The influence of circadian rhythms on metabolic health: are animal studies providing the evidence?

Nutrition Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s095442241600010x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 180-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sofía Moran-Ramos ◽

Adrian Baez-Ruiz ◽

Ruud M. Buijs ◽

Carolina Escobar

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Circadian Rhythms ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Metabolic Regulation ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

High Energy ◽

The Body ◽

Human Studies ◽

Metabolic Disturbances ◽

Behavioural Aspects

AbstractAs obesity and metabolic diseases rise, there is need to investigate physiological and behavioural aspects associated with their development. Circadian rhythms have a profound influence on metabolic processes, as they prepare the body to optimise energy use and storage. Moreover, food-related signals confer temporal order to organs involved in metabolic regulation. Therefore food intake should be synchronised with the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to elaborate efficient responses to environmental challenges. Human studies suggest that a loss of synchrony between mealtime and the SCN promotes obesity and metabolic disturbances. Animal research using different paradigms has been performed to characterise the effects of timing of food intake on metabolic profiles. Therefore the purpose of the present review is to critically examine the evidence of animal studies, to provide a state of the art on metabolic findings and to assess whether the paradigms used in rodent models give the evidence to support a ‘best time’ for food intake. First we analyse and compare the current findings of studies where mealtime has been shifted out of phase from the light–dark cycle. Then, we analyse studies restricting meal times to different moments within the active period. So far animal studies correlate well with human studies, demonstrating that restricting food intake to the active phase limits metabolic disturbances produced by high-energy diets and that eating during the inactive/sleep phase leads to a worse metabolic outcome. Based on the latter we discuss the missing elements and possible mechanisms leading to the metabolic consequences, as these are still lacking.

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The growth of eel fed with different protein level and protein-energy ratio

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.14.128-134 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 128

Author(s):

Fitria Nawir ◽

Nur Bambang Priyo Utomo ◽

Tatag Budiardi

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Level ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

The Body ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Whole Body ◽

Hepatosomatic Index ◽

Protein Ratio ◽

Dietary Protein Level

ABSTRACT The study was aimed to determine the optimum dietary protein level and energy protein ratio which can optimize growth performance of the eel A. bicolor bicolor on nursery phase. Four treatments and three replications were applied in this study. The treatments were P1, containing 37.66% protein with energy protein ratio 14.75 kcal GE/g (37.66%; 14.75 kcal GE/g), treatment P2 (41.30%; 13.51 kcal GE/g), treatment P3 (45.38%; 12.27 kcal GE/g), and treatment P4 (49.60%; 11.31 kcal GE/g). Eels used for this study were 6.5±0.3 g in average body weight. Eels were reared in a series of aquaria with dimension 90×40×40 cm3 and filled with 100 L of fresh water. Total weight of eel stocked in aquarium were 400 g. Eels were fed until satiated twice a day at 8 am and 4 pm for 60 days. The result showed that different protein level and energy protein ratio was significantly affected growth performance (feed consumption, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, protein retention, and lipid retention), protein and fat of whole body eels at confident limit of 5%. In contrary, there was no significant different on the survival rate, hepatosomatic index, ash content, and nitrogen free extract of the body eel. The optimal growth performance was reached by dietary protein level and energy protein ratio of 45.38%; 12.27 kcal GE/g and 49.60%; 11.31 kcal GE/g. Keywords: Anguilla bicolor bicolor, energy protein ratio, feed, growth performance, protein ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kadar protein dan rasio energi protein optimum yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan sidat A. bicolor bicolor fase pendederan. Empat macam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Perlakuan tersebut adalah P1 yang mengandung protein 37,66%; dengan rasio energi protein 14,75 kkal GE/g (37,66%; 14,75 kkal GE/g), perlakuan P2 (41,30%; 13,51 kkal GE/g), perlakuan P3 (45,38%; 12,27 kkal GE/g) dan perlakuan P4 (49,60%; 11,31 kkal GE/g). Bobot rata-rata ikan sidat yang digunakan adalah 6,5±0,3 g. Ikan sidat dipelihara dalam akuarium berukuran 90×40×40 cm3 dengan volume air 100 L. Total bobot ikan yang digunakan dalam setiap akuarium adalah 400 g. Ikan sidat diberi pakan sekenyangnya dengan frekuensi dua kali sehari yaitu pukul 08.00 dan pukul 16.00 WIB selama 60 hari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kadar protein dan rasio energi protein pakan berbeda, memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan (jumlah konsumsi pakan, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, efisiensi pakan, retensi protein, retensi lemak), protein tubuh dan lemak tubuh, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup, indeks hepatosomatik, kadar abu, dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN) tubuh ikan sidat. Kinerja pertumbuhan optimal dicapai oleh kadar protein dan rasio energi protein pakan 45,38%; 12,27 kkal GE/g dan 49,60%; 11,31 kkal GE/g. Kata kunci: Anguilla bicolor bicolor, kinerja pertumbuhan, pakan, protein, rasio energi protein

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In-vivo evaluation of lipid lowering ability of Chloris paraguaiensis extracts

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Life Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijprls.v7i2.1199 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 21-24

Author(s):

Pavani C H

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

The Body ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Medical Systems ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

And Control

Hyperlipidemia is the immediate results of the excessive fat intake in food. This results in the elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. This leads to heart conditions like CAD, hypertension, congestive heart failure as risk factors which can be lethal. There are many drugs to treat and control the lipids levels in the body. These drugs are either designed to prevent LDL accumulation and VLDL synthesis. Some drugs also lower the elevated levels of saturated lipids in the body. But many drugs are known to cause side effects and adverse effects; therefore, alternatives to the drugs are the subjects for current investigations. Herbs and medicinal plants are used as treatment sources for many years. They have been used in the Indian medical systems like Ayurveda, Siddha etc. As the application of herbs in the treatment is growing, there is an urgent need for the establishment of Pharmacological reasoning and standardization of the activity of the medicinal plants. Chloris paraguaiensis Steud. is Poyaceae member that is called locally as Uppugaddi. Traditionally it is used to treat Rheumatism, Diabetes, fever and diarrhoea. The chemical constituents are known to have anti-oxidant properties and most of the anti-oxidants have anti-hyperlipidemic activity too. Since the plant has abundant flavonoid and phenol content, the current research focusses on the investigation of the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the plant Chloris extracts. Extracts of Chloris at 200mg/kg showed a comparably similar anti hyperlipidemia activity to that of the standard drug. The extracts showed a dose based increase in the activity at 100 and 200mg/kg body weight.

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Digestibility of nutrients and milk productivity of cows when using the concentrate mixture with the inclusion of rapeseed presscake

Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production) ◽

10.33920/sel-05-2007-05 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 48-53

Author(s):

L. Yarmots ◽

G. Yarmots ◽

A. Belenkaya

Keyword(s):

Protein Digestibility ◽

High Energy ◽

Negative Influence ◽

The Body ◽

Milk Productivity ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Low Protein ◽

Concentrate Mixture ◽

Almost All ◽

Experimental Group

For ruminants, especially high-yielding animals in addition to the complete supply of animals with protein, its digestibility in the rumen is important. With low protein digestibility in the rumen, the released ammonia will be more effectively used by the rumen microflora, and the undigestible protein in the subsequent sections of the digestive tract can serve as a source of amino acids for the body. The use of concentrate mixtures with the inclusion of local, affordable and cheaper grain feeds, in particular a high-energy and protein ingredient- rapeseed presscake makes it possible to increase the milk productivity of cows throughout lactation. These presscakes are well balanced in their amino acid composition and belong to feeds whose protein has a low degree of digestibility in the rumen. The purpose of the researches was to study the digestibility of nutrients and milk productivity of cows when using the concentrate mixture with the inclusion of rapeseed presscake. In the scientific and economic experiment has been carried out on lactating cows, where the cows of the experimental group in the concentrate mixture of peas has been replaced with rapeseed presscake the digestibility of nutrients in the ration, energy metabolism and milk productivity have been studied. Studies have shown that almost all the nutrients were significantly better digested by the animals of the experimental group. Energy in milk was more allocated by cows of the experimental group by 6,29 MJ. From cows of the experimental group for 100 and 305 days of lactation has been obtained more milk by 6,27 and 7,06 %, respectively, than from control herdmates. The biochemical parameters of blood were within the limits of the physiological norm in animals of both groups. Thus, the replacement of peas with rapeseed presscake in the concentrate mixture did not have a negative influence on the metabolic processes and helped to increase the milk productivity of cows.

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Potential Energy Surfaces and Stability of High Energy Content Excited Bound Clusters

10.21236/ada224611 ◽

1990 ◽

Author(s):

C. A. Nicolaides

Keyword(s):

Potential Energy ◽

Potential Energy Surfaces ◽

Energy Content ◽

High Energy ◽

Energy Surfaces

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Association between alterations in plasma metabolome profiles and laminitis in intensively finished Holstein bulls in a randomized controlled study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92163-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sonja Christiane Bäßler ◽

Ákos Kenéz ◽

Theresa Scheu ◽

Christian Koch ◽

Ulrich Meyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Aromatic Amino Acids ◽

High Energy ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Inflammatory Phenotype ◽

Dietary Nutrient ◽

Holstein Bulls

AbstractMetabolic consequences of an energy and protein rich diet can compromise metabolic health of cattle by promoting a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Laminitis is a common clinical sign, but affected metabolic pathways, underlying pathophysiology and causative relationships of a systemic pro-inflammatory phenotype are unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate changes in metabolome profiles of 20 months old Holstein bulls fed a high energy and protein diet and to identify novel metabolites and affected pathways, associated with diet-related laminitis. In a randomized controlled feeding trial using bulls fed a high energy and protein diet (HEP; metabolizable energy [ME] intake 169.0 ± 1.4 MJ/day; crude protein [CP] intake 2.3 ± 0.02 kg/day; calculated means ± SEM; n = 15) versus a low energy and protein diet (LEP; ME intake 92.9 ± 1.3 MJ/day; CP intake 1.0 ± 0.01 kg/day; n = 15), wide ranging effects of HEP diet on metabolism were demonstrated with a targeted metabolomics approach using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences). Multivariate statistics revealed that lower concentrations of phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins and higher concentrations of lyso-phosphatidylcholines, branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids were associated with an inflammatory state of diet-related laminitis in Holstein bulls fed a HEP diet. The latter two metabolites share similarities with changes in metabolism of obese humans, indicating a conserved pathophysiological role. The observed alterations in the metabolome provide further explanation on the underlying metabolic consequences of excessive dietary nutrient intake.

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Physiology and Physical Chemistry of Bile Acids

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22041780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 1780

Author(s):

Maria Chiara di Gregorio ◽

Jacopo Cautela ◽

Luciano Galantini

Keyword(s):

Physical Chemistry ◽

Bile Acids ◽

Material Science ◽

Metabolic Regulation ◽

Enterohepatic Circulation ◽

Building Blocks ◽

The Body ◽

Active Molecule ◽

Supramolecular Aggregates ◽

Biological Field

Bile acids (BAs) are facial amphiphiles synthesized in the body of all vertebrates. They undergo the enterohepatic circulation: they are produced in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, released in the intestine, taken into the bloodstream and lastly re-absorbed in the liver. During this pathway, BAs are modified in their molecular structure by the action of enzymes and bacteria. Such transformations allow them to acquire the chemical–physical properties needed for fulling several activities including metabolic regulation, antimicrobial functions and solubilization of lipids in digestion. The versatility of BAs in the physiological functions has inspired their use in many bio-applications, making them important tools for active molecule delivery, metabolic disease treatments and emulsification processes in food and drug industries. Moreover, moving over the borders of the biological field, BAs have been largely investigated as building blocks for the construction of supramolecular aggregates having peculiar structural, mechanical, chemical and optical properties. The review starts with a biological analysis of the BAs functions before progressively switching to a general overview of BAs in pharmacology and medicine applications. Lastly the focus moves to the BAs use in material science.

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