Minimal changes in telomere length after a 12-week dietary intervention with almonds in mid-age to older, overweight, and obese Australians: Results of a randomised clinical trial
Abstract Diet is a modifiable risk factor for chronic disease and a potential modulator of telomere length (TL). The study aim was to investigate associations between diet quality and TL in Australian adults after a 12-week dietary intervention with an almond-enriched diet. Participants (overweight/obese, 50-80 years) were randomised to an almond-enriched diet (AED, N=62) or iso-caloric nut-free diet (NFD, N=62) for 12 weeks. Diet quality was assessed using a Dietary Guideline Index (DGI), applied to weighed food records, that consists of 10 components reflecting adequacy, variety and quality of core food components and discretionary choices within the diet. Telomere length was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in samples of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and whole blood. There were no significant associations between DGI scores and TL at baseline. Diet quality improved with AED and decreased with NFD after 12 weeks (change from baseline AED +9.8%, NFD −14.3%; P<0.001). Telomere length increased in neutrophils (+ 9.6 base pairs, P=0.009) and decreased in whole blood, to a trivial extent (−12.1 base pairs, P=0.001), and was unchanged in lymphocytes. Changes did not differ between intervention groups. There were no significant relationships between changes in diet quality scores and changes in lymphocyte, neutrophil or whole blood TL. The inclusion of almonds in the diet improved diet quality scores but had no impact on TL mid-age to older Australian adults. Future studies should investigate the impact of more substantial dietary changes over longer periods of time.